Wednesday, 6 October 2021

INDIAN PENAL CODE ON FORGERY

 INDIAN PENAL CODE ON FORGERY 


1. Section 34 in the IPC: Ngimna neite a ngimna uh a tangtun'sakna mi pawl khatte gamtatna (Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention) - A ngimna uh a tangtun'sakna ding mi pawl khatte in thukham palsatin a gamtat uh ciangin tua bang mite leh amah bekin tua danin a gamta mite in a gamtatna tawh kituakin dan thuak kipia ding hi.

2. Section 468 in the IPC: Khemna ah zat dingin a lim/a tuh bawlna (Forgery for purpose of cheating)- Khemna ah zatna dingin kumpi vai-ah a kizang lai poimawh (document) ahih kei leh electronic record a tuh (fake) bawlin a tuh a bawltawmte kum sagih ciang thong kiatna tawh gawtna/dan a kipiak banah sum liau beh lai ding hi.
3. Section 471 in the IPC: Document ahih kei kei leh electronic record a taktak bangin a kibawltawm zatna - Document ahih kei leh electronic record bawltawm thuman lopi-in zangin, a kibawltawm/a tuh hi cih thei napi-in a zangte document ahih kei leh electronic record a tuh a zangte Section 468 IPC thukham mah bangin kum sagih ciang thongkiatna dingin dan a kipiak banah sum kiliau beh sak ding hi.
4. The Foreign Act, 1946 Act no. 31 of 1946: Hih thukham sunga clause (c) sungah clause (f) of sub-section (2) tawh kituak loin India gam a lutsimte gamdang mi ahihna tawh kum nga ciang thong a kiat theih ban uh-ah liau beh thei ding hi, ci hi. Ahih hangin clause (f) of sub-section (2) tawh a case uh Court in clause (a) sungah om theihna dingin visa a ngah peelin a sawt zaw a om uh ahih kei leh (b) India gam lut theihna dingin visa a ngah uh a validity period tawh kituak mah hi ci-in a san'sak leh liau sum pia lo ding uh hi, ci hi. Ahi zongin matna a tuak Kawlgam panin hong lutte pen tua dan entry leh om theih hun validity visa la om lo ding ahih manun kum nga thongkiat banah liau beh theih hi.



WILLIAM TYNDALE MARTYR IN A SIH NI PHAWKNA

 

WILLIAM TYNDALE MARTYR IN A SIH NI PHAWKNA

Oct 6, 1536 in Hebrew leh Grek pau bek tawh a kitei Lai Siangtho a om ding a kiphal hun lai leh Khristian biakna orthodox church ngaihsutna tawh conservative ngaihsutna tawh siampite a kihencip hunin William Tyndale in English version tawh a teikhiatna hangin sing khuampi tungah kikhihcipna na thuak a, kihing halin martyr in na kithat hi. Tyndale in a sih ma-in a kampau nunung penna ah, "Topa aw, England kumpipa' mitte hon'sak in,'' ci-in awng hi.
Tyndale' adingin Lai Siangtho pen zawhthawh thu tawh kinawhna (pressure), ahih kei leh paulapna (pretext) leh siampite bekin Lai Aramaic or Hebrew ahih kei leh Greek version tawh a kitei sim thei ahih kei leh a khiatna gen thei loin mi khempeuhin Pasian' kammal nuntakna tui bangin a dawn' theih ding uh hi, cih thubullet na nei cinten hi.
Singkhuampi (stake) tungah Tyndale a kihal lup khit a kum nihna in England Kumpipa King Henry VIII in Tyndale' nasep leh teisawn a tamzaw Matthai laibu a kihawmna dingin phalna na pia hi. Tyndale' nuntakna leh nasep khiatna hangin Lai Siangtho mangpau tawh a kiteisawnna hangin leitunga pau nam tuamtuamin Lai Siangtho kiteisawn thei ahih manin eimau pau leh ham ciat tawh Pasian' kammal kisim thei leh a khiatna kitel kiim a, Hebrew leh Grek pau a a siam biakna siate guaih kisam sese nawn loin kisim thei ciat hi.
WILLIAM TYDALE KICI KUA HIAM?
Melksham Court, Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire, England ah 1494 kumin a piang William Tyndale pen English scholar hi a, Magdalen Hall, Oxford sang a kah khit zawh 1506 in B.A. degree University of Cambridge panin buaih na ngah hi. English banah French, Greek, Hebrew, German, Italian, Latin, leh Spanish paute siam khin hi. Tyndale Bible cih tawh a min kithei hi.
Protestant Reformation hun lai-in makai min nei khat hi. Rotterham mi Erasmus leh Martin Luther' nasepna hangin thangahin mangpau tawh Lai Siangtho a teina hangin kum 42 bek a phak zawh 6 October 1536 in Holy Roman Empire kummpi ukna gam sunga om Vilvoorde, Duchy of Brabant Habsburg Netherlands kiangah ah singkhuampi tungah kikhihcipin a kimek lumin (stangled to death), a luanghawm kihal hi.
KING HENRY VIII' ZI NEIH A PHIATNA (ANNULMENT) A LANGPAN'NA
King Henry VIII in Anne Boleyn a teen'pih nop manin a zi Catherine of Aragon a teen'pihna phiat (annulment) dingin a geelna Tyndale in a pangpan'na in 1530 kumin "The Practyse of Prelates" kici na gelh hi. Tyndale in Henry VIII in a zi Catherine tawh a kiteen'na phiatin Anne Boleyn a teen'pih sawm mawk pen Lai Siangtho tawh kimakna a kituah loh banah Pope Clement' papal cours ah Henry khau kikai awk bangin a awkna (entaglement) theihna dingin Cardinal Wolsey' ngian hi, ci hi.
Hih thu hangin Kumpi Henry VIII thangpaisak lua ahih manin thah ding bek ngaihsun hi. Henry VIII in Kumpi (Emperor) Charles V kiangah Treaty of Cambrai kici thukimna nuai-ah Tyndale a matna ding leh England gamah a puakna dingin ngen hi. Ahih hangin Emperor Charles V in England gamah Tyndale hong kipuakkik (extradition) theihna dingin teci (evidence) kisam hi, ci-in Henry dawn'na pia hi. Hih vai tawh kisai Tyndale in a case "An Answer unto Sir Thomas More's Dialogue" kici ah gelh hi.
TYNDALE IN KHEMNA A TUAHNA LEH A SIHNA THU (BETRAYAL AND DEATH)
Holy Roman Empire thuneite' sik leh tangin palai a sem Henry Phillips in Tyndale na khem hi. 1935 in Belgium gam-a om Antwept khuapi-ah Tyndale kiman a, Belgium state capital Brussel khuapi kianga om Vilvordee (Filford) kianga a kulh a ki-um innpi (castle) ah kikhumcip hi. Mi pawl khatte in Tynldale muanngamna (confidence) a ngah zo ding leh tua khit ciangin lehpei-in a khem dingin Bishop Stokesley in Henry Phillips a guaih hi, ci-in ummawh uh hi.
1536 kumin Khristian biakna thu ah up khialhin lampial ahih kei leh a upna panin tangpeek (heresy) ci-in ngawhna kibawlin Tyndale in thukhenna thuak hi. Tyndale gupkhiatna dingin thukhente leh Tyndale' kikal ah Thomas Cromwell a va kigolh (intercession) hangin a upna panin panin pial khia-in tangpeek mah hi ci-in kimawhpaih ahih manin a hingtangin hal lup dingin sih dan kipia hi.
Singkhuampi tungah kikhihcipin a kihal ma-in a gawl ah a sih dong kimek lum (stangled to death) hi, ci zong a om hangin a kihing hal lum hi, a ci zong om hi. Tyndale a sih kuan kammal nunung penna ah, "Topa aw, Englang kumpipa' mit hon'sak in," ci hi, kici hi. Tyndale' sih ni October 6, 1536 hi ci-in a kiciamteh hangin a thongkiat hun taktak tawh a kituat ciangin nipi kal bangzah hiam masa zawin kithat hi zaw dingin ki-ummawh hi. Biographer David Daniell in Tyndale' sih ni "one of the first days of October 1536" hi ding na ci ziau hi.
Tyndale martyr in a kithah khit nung kum li sungin England kumpipa' phalna tawh Lai Siangtho English translations li kikhen khia a, tuate lakah Henry's official Great Bible kihel hi. A vekpi-in Tyndale' nasepna kibulphuh ciat hi. Tyndal in Roman Catholic in tu ni dong a lim zuih mahmah leh ngaihsutna - mi siangthote kiangah thungetna (practice of prayer to saints) leh orthodox church ngaihsutna leh thubullet sungah siampi thukimna bekin Pasian' kammal Lai Siangtho khiatna kigen thei bek Scriptures could only be interpreted by approved clergy) ding hi, cih na langpang hi. Hih thu hangin a upna panin lampialin tangpeek cih ngawhna tawh kimawhpaihin, martyr in sihna na thuak hi.
Tyndale na om lo hi zenzen leh adiakin ei Zo suante sungah Lai Siangtho buaih ngah a dim a ha-in i neih miaimuai banah Sia tampi i neih hangin Hebrew leh Greek version panin Lai Siangtho a tei thei ding zahin Hebrew leh Greek pau siam ki-om dingin uphuai lo hi. Lai Siangtho tei ding a kham orthodox church thu bullet ah ki-awkcip lai hileh tu dong Zokam tawh Lai Siangtho a nei ki-om nai lo ding hi.
Kum zalom sagih hun lai-a kipanin English translation kimkhat (partially) in Lai Siangtho na kithei ta hi. Kum zalam 14 bei kuanin John Wycliffe' Bible hangin kikheelna lianpi piangsak ahih manin biakna amau khut sungah dictatorship ki-ukna bangin a uk nuam siampite leh biakna makaite hangin ngongtatna (religious ferment) lianpi na piang hi. Lai Siangtho teina hangin Tyndale leh John Huss martyr in a sihna hang leh amau hun ma-in Protestant Reformer mite hangin September 2020 in Lai Siangtho buppi pau 704 tawh a kitei khin banah lakah Thuciam Thak (New Testament) pau 1,551 tawh kitei a, Lai Siangtho sunga mun pawl khatte leh tangthute pau 1,160 tuamtuam tawh suakta takin kitei khin khin zo hi.
Reference: The Voice of the Martyrs - USA & Wikipedia
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