GULLU MUAL LEH GULLU MUAL SANGIN A MANPHA ZAW PILNA MUAL KOI TEEL ZAW DING?
Gullu Mual i cih pen Burmese in Mwetaung a cih uh Myanmar gam nitumna lam-a om Chin state sungah mine khuk lianpi a omna mun ahi hi. Gullu Mual ah leisungah sumpiang a omte a mel pen a san hiuhiau leh a eng pian hiuauhiau a thuahkhawm nickel a kici leh chromium a kicite omna mun hi. Gullu Mual i cih Tedim Township ah nickel tohkhiat nai loh lei sunga om lai (nickel reserve) a tam penna mun ahi hi.
Gullu Mual ah ore grading 1.48% nickel namte 36.1 million tonnes kiim om dingin kituat leh ki-ummawh hi. Ore 36.1 million tonnes lakah nickel metal 0.53 million tonnes om zo hi. Ton khat i cih 1,000 Kg. tawh kikim ahih manin Gullu Mual ah nickel reserve a om pen a omna kuam sung mite aa suak ziau thei hileh nuntakna noptuamna a piangsak zo ding lei sunga kiphum hauhna kiseelsim go manpha ahi hi.
Nickel pen tu lai takin Indian value ah 1Kg. pen Rs.1,300/ man a, international market ah 1Kg. pen 18.75 USD man hi. Gullu Mual ah 0.53 million tonnes nickel om dingin kituat ahih manin tawm het loin manpha tham mahmah hi. Eima hanciamna tawh humbit zawh ziau theih hileh Gullu Mual bek i humbit zawh leh minam min tawh kipawlna tuamtuamte in minam min zangin mipite ip sung sawkin funds dondon kisam nawn lo mah ding hi.
NICKEL A MANPHATNA LEH A KIZATNA NAM TUAMTUAMTE
Nickel pen a chemical leh physical properties hoih mahmah ahih manin van (products) nam tuamtuamte bawlna dingin kizang thei hi. Chromium ahih kei leh sik nam dangte (other metals) tawh nickel kihelkhawmin (alloying) sam-ek a kai thei lo leh a satna a dal thei sik tak mahmah namte (stainless and heat-resisting steels) bawlna dingin kizang hi.
Nickel steel pen gal kidona khawngah kidalna lum (armour plating) dingin kizang hi. Nickel tawh sik dang a kihelte (alloys) pen gunkuangte a kilap theihna dingin ciang (boat propeller shafts) ding leh turbine blades dingin kizang hi. Hybrid vehicles (nam nih kigawmin a kibawl mawtawte) ah a kizang metal-metal batteries, rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries cihte kihelin batteries bawlna dingin nickel kilim zat mahmah hi. Sumtangte (coins) a kibawlna dingin nickel a kizatna tanglai pek hita hi.
Nickel pen amah bekin a siang sinsen (pure form) in kizang mengmeng lo hi. Nickel a sit bek kizang loin sik nam dangte sik (iron), chromium kicite, dal sik (copper) cihte tawh kihelkhawmin sik (medals) nam dang amah bekin a kizangte sangin a hoihzaw bawlna dingin kizang zaw hi. Nickel pen siktak (iron), sam-ek a kai thei lo sikte (steels) lakah austenistic stainless steels kicite leh siktak a kihel lote (non-ferrous alloys) bawlna dingin kizang hi.
Nickel pen khauhin tak mahmah a, sam-ek kai thei lo (corrosion resistant), cidam thei (hygienic) leh 100% zat kik dingin kibawlpha thei (recyclable) hi. Tua ahih manin inn lamna leh khantohna ding hiam ahih kei leh bang hiam khat hihna dinga kisam na dang tuamtuamte (building and infrastructure) bawlna ding, chemical bawlna ding, thukizaktuahnate (communications) energy supply, kiim leh paam ahih kei leh i kinaihpihte humbitna ding (environmental protection) leh nek ding an bawlna (food preparation) ah a kisam leh poimawh mahmah khat ahi hi. Nickel a manphatna bangin i zat theihna dingin pilna i neih masak kei leh Gullu Mual ah nickel omte i etlah pong hangin a mawknapi suak ding hi.
GULLU MUAL KITO KHIN MAW?
2012 hun lai khawng pekin Kawl galkap kumpi in Sen company khat tawh Gullu Mual toh ding thukimna nei khin cih i i zakzak leh theih khitsa thu hi. Tua ma pekin na to khin phial uh hiam cih nangawn i gam i leitang ahih hangin kithei lo zen hi. Tua a geelna (plan) uh tawh 1990 kiim-in Gangaw-Kalay meileeng lampi a bawl uh ahi hi. A bul a bal i kankan ciangin Gullu Mual pen 1965 hun lai pek panin Burmese dictator ngongtat Ne Win' hun sungin Germany [tua lai West Germany a kicite] tawh toh ding kikum ngei uh a, raw material 50% ngah le-uh to ding uh na hih tuak hi.
Germany in Kawlgam in 30% bek pia ding a cih ciangun khawl kik uh hih tuak hi. "Meileeng lam beek lah om lo, Gunkhawm ciang beek meileeng lampi na nei le uhcin thu khat hi lai," ci-in Germanyte kileh kik uh hi. Tua khawngin thukim le-uh zong i Gullu bel a man khin hi mai hi. Kawl galkap kum leh Chinese-owned North Mining Investment Company in 2012 in Mwe Mual leh Phar Mual ah nickel 45 metres thukin toh khiatna preliminary survey a bawl uh December 2012 in na zo uh a, 2014 kum bulin nickel purifying factories nih bawl ding na sawm khin zo uh hi. A survey bawlna uh-ah environmental impacts piangsak lo ding hi, ci uh hi.
Chinese' North Mining Investment in khua 15 va sikin, a khuamite kimuhpih uh a, a project posters a hawmna uh-ah "$486.7 million project in purified nickel leh siktak (iron) piangsak ding a, Chin state development adingin kum simin US$500,000 piangsakin, tua kiim-a tengte nasepna guan ding hi," ci hi. A project kiim 5km ciangah a tengte kum khat sung electricity a mawkna in kipia ding a, nickel siansuahna (purifyiing process) ah chemicals or acid kizang lo ding hi, ci hi.
Gullu Mual a to dinga kithawi North Mining Investment Co Ltd. in Zogam khua 15 bang va sikin, hih Gullu Mual kito leh Zogam in kumkhat dollar sang 5 ($5 lakh) a ngah banah nasep zong tampi hong piang lai ding hi, ci-in laihawm tuamtuam leh posterte zangin tualsung mite zol kawikawi uh hi.
Gullu Mual pan a meet 80% pen a to North Mining Investment Co Ltd. in ngah ding a, Kawl kumpi’n 20% a share ngah ding a, tua Kawl kumpi’ ngah zah lakah Zogam in 2% bek a share ngah ding kici hi. Tua hileh kum khatin Kawl kumpi ngah ding dollar sang 800 ($800 lakh) lak panin Zogam in dollar sang 266 ($266 lakh) bang ngah thei ding dan hih tuak hi. A zenzen in leitang nei tualsungmi Zomite in Gullu Mual a meet 40% ngah ding hileh kumkhat in dollar sang 1,600 ($1,600 lakh) bang ngah ding hi. A tawm penin sang 1,600 lakah Zogam in 1/3 bek ngah ding hileh zong dollar sang 533 ($533 lakh) tung ding hi.
A negative impact lam ding a gen loh hangun North Mining Investment company' factories in a satsakna (heating) leh mei pian'sakna dingin kum simin suangmeihol (coal) 530,000 tons kiim bang zang ding a, sulphul dioxide khitsiangna dingin limestone 50,000 tons bang zang ding uh ahih manin a kiim a kiang tengah siatna piangasakin Gullu Mual bei mang ding hi, cih environmentalists leh Chinland Natural Resources Watch Group in a patauhna uh lim gen mahmah uh hi.
North Mining Investment company in Sagaing Division ah a om Chindwin Lui ah a om Kalaywa ah teembaw khawlna (dock) kibawl ding hi, ci hi. Gullu Mual ah forrennickel concentrates kibawlte Kalaywa ah teembaw khawlna ah Irrawaddy Lui tawnin Rangon, tua panin China ah kipua ding hi, ci hi. A company a contract masa pen kum sagih leh kha guk hi ci ahih manin hih bang hun sungin hih bang a pian' leh a pian' loh a mun leh a kiim-ah a tengte in telcian pen ding uh a, a kitoh leh kitoh loh a contract masa hun bei ta ahih manin koi ciang tung ta hiam cih i MP leh state uliante in a kician zaw in thei ding uh hi. A project hangin anti-China leh progaganda nasia mahmah hi.
India gam-a Nagaland state in Article 371 (A) of Indian Constitutition nuai-ah, Nagate biakna leh ngeina vai, a leitang leh leisung sumpiangte uh a zuak theihna dingun Nagaland state assembly thukimna leh khensatna loin parliament in thukham bawl thei lo ding hi, cih special rights a neih mah bangun Chin state leh gamdang state kuamah special provision a nei kiza mel lo hi. Gullu Mual ah nickel tohkhiat ding dan lah lah thei tuan sam lo, leisung sungpiangte kumpi aa ahih lam thei lopi-in eima mimal aa bangin ngaihsutna nei-in a kitom lanlan pong leh "polical base" bawlna ding leh "vote bank politics" dingin kampi tawh kihumbit sawm kitam hi. Kumpi in na huan sungah gold or diamond a kimuh hangin kumpi aa hi ci a, ahi zongin bomb leh vankham a kimuh leh nang aa hi, ci-in hong man ziau thei hi.
Kawlgam leisung van manpha lam vaisai ulian Than Tun Aung in June 2014 pekin Gullu Mual ah leisung sumpiangte tohkhiat ding vai phalna pia ding maw pia lo ding cih khinkhai san ung ci-in Upper House ah thusung hi.
GULLU DREAM: ZOMITE’ HAUHNA
Gullu Mual thu tu lai takin ngaihsutpi leh lunghimawh bekin a nei mi kitam hi. Gullu ei khut sung hong tung hen la, eimau deihna bangin to thei hi lehang leisung sumpiang nickel banah chromium raw material tampi kingah mah ding a, Zomi khempeuh nasep kul loin hong vak zo phial lel ding hi, cih pen Zomite mawl takin i ngaihsutna leh sunmang (Imagination or Gullu Dream) ahi hi. "Zogam autonomous state in ding zo ding a, Gullu kivaksak lel ding hi hang," cih khawng sunmang peuhin a ngaihsun kitam hi. Tua dan na hi khin ziauziau lo hi.
Tua ahih leh Gullu pen koi cih ding i hiam? Zogam sungah leisung sumpiang i neihsunsun hi a, mi dangte pia ding maw, hu ding? Bangci hut ding? Tu-in Sagaing Division sungah kikoih ta ci le’ng bang cih nawn ding? Khutzepin enen lel ding maw, thau tawi-in gamlak panin do ding? Ahih kei leh Pasian kiangah thungetna tawh ap lel ding maw? Zomite koici kalsuan ding? cihte pen i minam movement makaite leh mipil misiamte kikup khawm dinga a poimawh leh amau tavuan lian pente lak-a khat ahi hi.
KACHINTE’ DIN’MUN TAWM ENKAKNA
Kachinte in 1980s hun lai pawlin hong cih ngei uh khat ah, “No, Zomite pen ngaingnganzi (politics) lamah na mit uh vak lo lua hi, a neu a lianin biakna bekmah kin mawk hi uh teh. Na biakna un hong thuzawh zo leh huzap zo (influenced) lua hi,” cih thu ahi hi. Ei Zomite pen politics lamsang high shcool, college leh university ah a sin lo i biakna makai teng mahin biakna thu tawh hong buplak khawm uh ciangin a mipite hong pei lung-am pilpual zo bilbel mahmah hi.
Kachinte' cihna ah, “Ko pen politics leh nationalist movement tawh kikalsuan a, biakna tawh buai masa dihdih lo hi ung” cih thu hi zaw hi. Ahih hangin ei Zomite kha khan'lawhna a nei i bat tei uh hangin biakna leh politics mah kigulluksak khawm ngekngekin, i biakna leh political ideologies in mi dangte galbawlna ding, muhdahna ding, mi dangte huaina (inclusivism) ding hi loin tuambawlna (exclusivism) ding, Chin state ethnic Chin group ah official in 53 hong kiciamtehte khawm sunga namdang teng muhdah leh galbawlna dingin kilim zat mahmah bilbek hi.
Hih thu hangin i milip tamna pen (majority) omna sun Chin state nangawn ah political representative seats cik tham ding kingah zo lo a, ei sangin a tamzaw (minority) ukna nuai-ah ki-om a, a phun leh el bekbek kisik den hi. Mi dangte buaibawl "inclusive" loin zang loin tuambawlna "exclusive' leh 'isolation" policies kilim zat lua ahih manin i thawlna neu semsem a, i tutna ngah zawh zah tawm semsem hi. Tua kawmkawm ah ei sungah ngaihsutna kibang lo deuhte kigalbawl zaw lai-in akta mangkuan bangin kituktuk leh unau beelkang kituh bat niloh pen politics leh gam leh minam itna peuh a sasa kitam lai hi.
Kachin state ah a thau tawite tam uh a, hat mahmah napi-in tu-in a gam uh Kawl galkap kumpi mahin zo thawh veve mawk hi. Phakant ah jade khukpi teng bang companyte in set catarpillar leh bull dozer zangin to mang gawp lel uh a, khang kizom tawntung bei ngei lo ding a cih liang uh “lung seng” suangmanpha teng bei mang khin ta hi. Phakant suang eng/hing (jade) mual teng bei mang khinin, khuapi khat suak ta hi. Phakant khua kici Kawl kumpi in uk khum hi.
Kachin ah sum nei pawl khatte in a hauhlawh tei sam uh a, ahih hangin minautangte bel a zawng ngei mahun zawng suak veve lel uh hi. A gam bupin hau cih bang om thei tuan lo mawk hi. Tua suang-eng/hing (jade) teng pen world market ahi Hong Kong, San Francisco, Tokyo etc. cihte khawng tung mawk hi. Bang hangin? Amau a jade a neih hangun mi deih theih ding a product suaksak thei lo, a van manpha in a bawlna ding factories nei lo uh hi ven!
KIA leh KIOte in a gam suakta takin autonomous state khatin uk zo phial ta le-uh zong sum nei teng mahin lemlawh mah ding a, minautang bel na mah sem tangtang veve lel ding uh hi. Suangmanpha teng pen world market teng mah ah raw material in man ol takin zuak mang khin lel ding uh a, a hauhlawh millionaire-te pen Hong Kong, San Francisco leh black marketting munpi khuapite khawngah sumbawl mihau capitalists teng mah hi lel hi. Socialism kizang loin capitalism a kilim zat luatna ah mihaute sila pen mizawng leh nautang teng hi ngitngen den hi.
Kachin gamah suangmanpha leh kham leh na manpha tampi piang hi. Tui gei khempeuhah kham kizong thei a, lei zong hoih thei mahmah hi. Tua teng mah iplah lua uh ahih manin Kawl kumpi in amau deih bangin a zeek ding uh a lauhna uh tawh KIA' armed-wing galkap 10,000-15,000 kikal a nei KIA, galkap 15,000 bang a nei KNLA nasia takin thahatsak uh hi. Tua tawh kizui-in Kachin tangvalno tampi tak sangkah man lo liangin KIA leh KNLA ah a lut gaih hun sungin ei Zomite in kumpi langpang loin sangkah laisin in i omna hangin tu ni-in leitung bup minam tuamtuam lakah lai thei leh mipil in i om kiaukiau khakna suak thei hi.
Shante zong Mogoh ruby mine khukpi bang Kawl kumpi-in Mandalay Division sungah guang to zen uh hi. Karen, Kaya cihte gamte ah zong Kawl galkapte tha tawh Kawl kumpi mahin leisung sumpiang khempeuh luaktum mang hi. Tu ni dong mah leitungah man ol takin galkap uliate in zuakzuak lai a, tua hang mahin leitung gam pawl khatte Kawl galkap kumpi pen diksa mahmah uh a, mai-et bawl uh hi. Sente bek hi loin ASEAN kipawl gam 10 sunga members lak panin Feb. 1 ni-in galkapte ukna buluhna a kimkhat dektak bangin galkap kumpi a gupbawlna hih thu hang khawng hi lel dih hi. (A telcian lote in Sente bek pum mawhsak pong uh hi)
Sanggam Kachinte leh Karente banah Shan leh Kayah minamte bangin gamlak zuan henhanin thau tawi Kawl kumpi lehdo hi lehang amau bangmah i suak ding a, sangkah man loin gam nuai-ah thau kitawitawi ngaungau lel ding hi. A beisa hun leh tu lai takin i mipil mitei a kici teng leh khangno teng gamnuai galkap i suak lel ding uh a, i numeite pen ei galkapte leh Kawl galkapte’ kilungkimsakna - Koreate pau leh "comfort women' suak lel ding uh hi. I sanggamte’ tung panin i muhsa leh sin khiat ding tampi om hi.
TUA AHIH LEH GULLU MUAL NUSIATSANIN MANGNGILH TA DING MAW?
Gullu Mual leh i Zogam leitang mot nusiatsanin mi dangte pia ziau lel ni, cihna hi pah sam lo hi. Gullu Mual a manphat mahmah hangin raw meterial to dingin zuak ding cih ciang bek pen kial lap sum zon' pakna dingin hoih bek a, nickel leh chromium tawh na hoih bawl thei ding mipil misiam Zomi sungah i om masak a, nickel leh chromium zangin products nam tuamtuam bawlna dingin van bawlna (factories) i nei zo kei zongin tuate zuakna dingin business leh marketting skills lamsang pilna i neih masak ding lunggulhhuai zaw hi cihnopna hi zaw hi.
Economy lamsang ah Sente hong khangkhiat ma uh 1980s pawl lai-in Sen gam panin sik raw iron ton tampi tak Japan in na lei uh a, a khuak pilna uh leh a set van neihte uh zangin steel vive suahin Sen gam mahah va zuak kikin tampi meetlawh hi. Sente in man ol takin Japante' tungah zuak uh a, Japante in tampipi in Sente tung mah ah zuak kik uh hi. Sente lungkim het lo napi-in cihna ding thei tuan lo uh hi. Tua hunin Sente steel bawl lamah kiva mel lo uh ahih manin amau raw material teng mah steel in a lei kik suak uh a, na sa mah mah uh hi. Raw material pen man ol mahmah lel a, product khat pen man tam zaw pek hi. I gam panin bang raw meterial piang hiam cih sangin bang product i nei hiam? cih pen hong thupi zaw ding hi. Tua dingin pilna mah hong kisam masa pen hi.
Japante in steel pen leitungah a quality hoihte dem thei dingin bawl uh ahih manun a gam panun steel bawlna dinga kisam iron raw material a neih uh kul masa lo hi. Koreate in a gam sung panin namgim crude oil (petroleum) khukpi a neih loh uh hangin dah kikeuh lo lel mawk uh hi. Gamdang panin crude oil deih zahin lei-in a gam uh-ah huan kik a, fuel deih bangin zang zihziah lel uh hi. Oil bank nei uh a, credit card tawh deih bangbangin thun mengmeng lel uh hi. Sathau cilbawl leh cil zat se lo uh hi.
“Kham leh ngun" cih kammal zong Zokam hi loin, Shante kam hi lai hi. Kalay-Kabaw Valley ah Shante tawh i teen'khop lai khawng panin i theih hileh kilawm pan hi. Tua zong a thei i hi bek a, a nei ihi kei lai hi. Tu dongin i gamah na manpha nickel leh chromium tohkhiat ding i thei nai kei hi. Na buang ei maw!! Neih loh leh theih loh a thuah pawl hi zen ve hang aw. I neihsun Gullu Mual ah nickel leh chromium a om lam leh a manphat lam zong kithei heihai loin Sen company in hong toto hi, cih i zak ciangin kiheh nuam pong hi. Kawlte paunak ah, “Neih loh sangin theih loh na zaw lai hi” ci-in a gen uh man mahmah hi. I leisung sumpiang neihsun omte nangawn a thei lo kihi zaw hi. Bang hang? Pilna sangin gamdang leng khiat ding leh sum bek mah kilungguh masa hi zaw ven!
A bangbang hita leh a nei lo buang a nei lo ta vet, suangmanpha khawng deih kei zaw lelin, a mihing mah leh pilna mah thupisak zaw in, i gam i leitang lim takin puah leh zuun zaw le’ng tua hong manpha zaw ngelngel ding hi. Tu hunin leitungah human resource kithupisak mahmah ta a, Zomi resource bangzah om cih hong thupi zaw semsem ding hi. Zogam ah bang teng piang cih sangin Zomite bangzah pil, bangzah siam cih hong manpha zaw semsem ding hi. Zomi leh suangmanpha koi teel zaw ding???
Gullu tawh kisai-in ei bek Kawlte in hong zawhthawh hilo a, Shante, Kachinte in zong thau tawi galkap tampi a neih uh hangun a leisung sumpiang uh humbit zo tuan lo uh hi. Gullu Mual ithuai leh iplahhuai tham mahmah na ven, Zomi khangno khangthakte pilna siamna sin hunin i sin kei kha ding a, thau leh $ bebek i lunggulh khak ding lauhuai zaw ding hi. Ahih kei leh extremist leh revolutionary politics peuh kin luatin nei-in gamnuai peuh ah i lut gaih khak ding khawng uh zong i milip leh ci tawm luat tawh Zomite ading lauhuai zaw kan lai hi.
Tu lai takin US leh nitumna gamte ah sum thalawh pakna ding bel pilna kisam lua khol lo kha thei mah ding hi. "Sangkah laisin khawng tu hun teh thupi nawn kei, degree ngahin kumpi nasepna ngah hangin khasum khom lo veve banga mang ding? Tua sangin khualzin, sumbawl ding hoihzaw hi,'' cih ngaihsutna tawh khualzin sumbawl tampi i om hi. Sum zong a nei tampi i om a, hoih mahmah hi.
Ahih hangin laitan nei lopi-in sum thalawh in na i sep ciangin mi nuai-ah sila bangin ihmut kham lo liang leh khawlni siangtho (Kiginni leh Nipini) khuan la ngam lo ahih kei leh la thei lo liangin thatang tawh na i sep hangin laitan a neite lawh khiat zah i lawh zo lo kei hi. Tua banah Covid-19 pandemic in leitung bup hong nawk tak ciangin sum thalawh in nasepna munte hong kiban khak ciangin a huhna ngah kei le'ng kha khat sungin an ngawl ziau ding kitam mahmah hi. Pandemic hunin laitan a nei pilna buaih ngahin kumpi nasepte lockdown hunin khasum a ngeina zah mah a ngah i muh ciangin a kibatlohna i phawk hi.
Israel gamah diamond piang het lo napi-in, lei tungah diamond taat siam pen Jewte hi kici se hi. Bombay [Mumbai] khawngah diamond taat siamte zongh Jewish community khawng pan leh Jewte kiang panin a sin khate bek mah hih tuak uh hi. Diamond raw material tampi a zuak Africa gamte hau mel lo uh a, zawng mahmah in gilkialna leh gal tawh kilawi lo ngei loin kialpi tung mun mahmah hi. Ahih hangin international market ah diamond product a zuak theite hau piikpeek zaw hi. Kawlgam panin dol sing leh suangmanpha tampi kizuak khia ziahziah napi-in a gam mite leh gam hau tuam mel lo a, leite in product hoih nono bawlin zuakkik uh a, Kawlgam panin a zuakte sangin hau thei zaw uh hi.
Gullu Mual iplah zaw ding maw, Pilna Mual lunggulh zaw ding hiam? Gullu Mual suang manphate iplahhuai mahmah na ven, pilna siamna manpha zaw peelmawh masa den ding a, kuama'n hong suam leh suksak thei loin i paina peuhah kikeng kawikawi thei hi. Khangthakte in pilna siamna lamah a sang thei pen sin ding lunggulhin, midangte tawh liangko i kikim peuh leh i gamah a thunei leh vaihawm ding kisuak ding a, i gam sunga leisung sumpiangte a uk leh thuneite kisuak ziau ding hi. Pilna nungah gam leh minam suahtakna, hauhna, sum leh paai, ngun leh kham, ukna leh vangliatna banah minthan'nate leh pahtawinate in hong sul nung zuih zaw ding uh hi.
Refrences: The Irrawaddy,Gullu Mual Vai Hluttdaw ah tung ta by Zam Sian Sum and Gullu Mual leh Pilna Mual by Cope Suan Pau
@Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs report
