ISRAEL POLITICS LEH ZOMITE' POLITICS ETKAKNA: MUN DANG LEH GAMDANG A OM TEN MINAM IT THEIH LOH LEH MINAM ADINGIN SEPKHIAT THEIH LOH HIAM?
Tu hun pen democracy gam vive hita ahih manin Technology Age ahih tawh kituakin social media kinak zat mahmah ciat hi. Social media ah i ngaihsutna suakta tak a genkhiatna (freedom of speech and expression) leh media freedom pen i i Constitution ciat un mimal rights leh personal rights dingin hong piak tek ahi hi. Ngaihsutna gen leh gelh khia a om peuh leh democracy tawh ki-ukna deih a awngawng teng mah a kihta leh a zadah pen in pang mawk ihih manin a dahhuai mahmah thu ahi hi. I democracy gengen pen mobicracy lam manawh pian mawk ahih manin tua bangin i mainawt leh i maban limci het lo ding hi. I ngaihsutnate uh i taan zau sak a, political debates leh critical ideas omna dingin mun awng i omsak zawh kei leh ngaihsutna hoih piangkhia zo ngei lo ding hi cih i phawk ding kisam hi.
Minam it kim ciat ihih manin i political ngaihsutna leh muhnate i kup ciangin i ngaihsutna kumkhawm leh i ngaihsutnate kinialsak loin mimal kisuamna (personal attacks) vive i paipih pen minam picing ihih loh lam a kilatna lianpi khat hi. Mimal khat i ngaihsutna sungkhiatte, laigelh leh thugente kihta bang keei in leh a za (position) kiat ding uh a kihta bang den keei a leh a pum zakdah kitam lai mahmah mawk ahih manin i political society pen "open society" hi loin "narrow society" hi lai hi cih kilang hi. Democracy gam-a i political rights neihte uh hong langpang leh betdaihsak nuam ngaihsutna kawcik neipipi mah in makai tutna a tucip den nuam, gam leh lei kei itna man pen hi a ci ngam lai bang kitam hi.
Tua bang mite' ngaihsutna a pumgup ten democracy adingin a khuampi lite - executive, judiciary, legislative leh media cihte lak-a khat media muk leh kamte humsak nuam lai napi democracy leh self-determination, autnomy leh federalism cihte nak gen mahmah diak se lai uh hi. Hihte ngah vat bang hi leng i political government pen totalitarianism, autocracy leh dictatorship style hi ding ahih manin lawphuai mel lo a, lipkhap huai lai mawk hi. Mipite' tawm bek a pau ding nangawn za nuam loin kumpi gilo (despot) leh dictatorship style lungsim nei leh dictatorship tawh gam uk nuam leh Zomi minam sung a tawholh den leh sutuah den gam leh minam a it kici diak sese in thuneihna tokhom tunga tucip nuam den makaite, gam it kicite leh thuneihna let kal ding a ngahlah a ui cithak vei a bang liang keei leitung a Zomi sunga politics uuk khempeuhte aw,
Mihai lo buang tu hun in minam veina leh awlmawhna lianpi nei lopi-in thu a mawk gengen leh lai a pheng gelhgelh ngap ki-om lo hi. Hun kinawh lua ta hi. Lai kigelhte leh thu kigente na tel zawh loh man uh leh constitutional democratic system pai zia na tel loh manun thu a kimawk gengen leh gelhgelh sa lai na bang uh hi. Ngaihsutna genkhiate leh laigelh khempeuh teng peuh makaite langpang in a thuneihna uh a suhsak nuam leh makai ut ci-in thuman tawh lahna ding (evidence) om lopi-in na ngawh uh a, minam leh makai langpang peuh na ci uh hi. Tua bang ngaihsutna na neih uh le bel ngapik nisim a meh pa ngapik bawl pa a suak nuam hi ding a, nisim a mawtaw hawl pa mawtaw bawl pa a suak nuam hi ding a, nisim a setbing (cycle) tuang pa setbing bawl pa a suak nuam hi ding hi cih thu bullet na hi uh hi.
Tua bang ngaihsutna neite aw, leitung ah gam leh minam lak panin na etteh pen uh Judahte thu na lungngai ngei beek lo na hi uh hiam? Israel' tangthu lungngai kik ni.
ISREAL KINGDOM THU
Judah kumpi Solomon' tapa leh a zalaihpa Rehoboam in 930 BC kiim pawlin kumpi tokhom tungah hong tut cil in Israel leilu lam-a minam Ephraim ten a economic lamsang leh nuntakna haksatna thu uh a va koh ciangun Rehoboam a geelsiamna nei lohna (tactlessly) tawh gitlohna zangin a thukkik ciangin Emphraim minam teh Rehoboam' ukna hong lehdo ciangun Kingdom of Israel phel nih hong suak a, Israel' ukna Northern Kingdom sungah Shechem leh Samaria kihel a, Judah' ukna Southern Kingdom sungah Jerusalem khuapi om hi.
Kingdom of Israel i cih 930 BC leh 720 BC kikal hi a, 730 BC in Neo-Assyrian Empire in sim in zo ahih manin bei hi. Kingdom of Israel sunga khuapi golte Shechem, Tirzah leh Shomron (Samaria) cihte hi. Assyria kumpi Assyrian king Sennacherib' tunga siah pia (vassalage) Judah kumpi Hezekiah kiphin in Ashkelon leh Egypt kumpite tawh kipawl in 715 BC in Assiria kumpipa a do hangin Sennacherib in zo a, silver talent 100 leh gold talent khat Sennacherib' tungah pia hi. Sennacherib in Jerusalem khuapi 701 BC in a umcih (besieged) hangin la lo hi. (2 Kings 18:14–18). Hezekiah' tapa Manasseh in 687/686 – 643/642 BC kikal a uk hun sungin zong Sennacherib leh a zalaih pa Esarhaddon leh Ashurbanipal-te tungah 669 BC panin siah na pia hi. Tua khit nung Eastern Mediterranean ah 597-582 kikal thuneihna kituhna Egypt gam-a kumpi 27te (Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt( leh Neo-Babylonian Empire kidona hangin Judah Kingdom kisusia hi.
Egypt gam-a Neo-Babylonian Empire kumpi Pharaoh Necho II in Assiria kumpi huh in Judah kumpi Josiah in a tapa Jehoahaz a zalaih dingin koih hi ci-in 608 BC in a theihkhiat ciangin kha thum bek kumpi tokhom a tu Jehoiakim paikhia a, Jehoahaz' upa Jehoiakim kumpi tokhom tungah tusak hi. Necho II in Jehoahaz galmat in tonpih a, Jehoiakim' tung panin siah silver talent 100 (about 33⁄4 tons or about 3.4 metric tons) leh gold talent khat (about 34 kilograms or 75 lb) la hi. Judah kumpi tokhom tungah Jehoiakim hong tut ciangin Babylon ten 605 BC in Carchemish ah Egypt-te a zawh ciangin Jehoiakim in Egypt kumpipa' thu a mangna (allegiances) laih in Babylon kumpipa Nebuchadnezzar II tungah siah pia hi. 601 BC kum Nebuchadnezzar in kumpi a let a kum lina kum in Egypt a do ciangin a galkapte tampi kithahsak in a kinunghawl kik ciangin Babylon kumpi thumang dinga kamciam Levant a states om ten kiphinna hong pat ciangun Jehoiakim in zong Nebuchadnezzar' tungah siah piak khawlsan a, Egypt lam belh bawl kik hi.
Hih bangin Judah kumpi hong kiphin ciangin Nebuchadnezzar in 599 BC in "Hatti leitang (Syria/Palestine)" sim a, Jerusalem khuapi umcih a, a umcih lai 598 BC in Jehoiakim si a, a tapa kum 8-18 kikal mi Jekoniah in a zalaih hi ci-in hi ci-in Babylonian Chronicles (khangthanthute) ah kiciamteh hi. Tua khit kha thum khit nung 2 Adar (March 16) 597 BC in Nebuchadnezzar in Jerusalem khuapi leh Jerusalem a Solomon' Biakinn suksiatsak a, Babylonian Empire ah Jekoniah, a uliante leh a mi liante leh Ezekiel kihelin Judah mi 10,000 galmat in ciahpih a, Babylonian Empire gam ah kizelhthang uh hi (2 Kings 24:14). Tua khit nungin Nebuchadnezzar in Judah kumpi dingin Jehoiakim' sanggampa Zedekiah' tate teng a thah khitin kumpi dingin Zedekiah koih in siah kipiasak den hi. Hih hun in Judahte tampi tak Moab, Ammon, Edom leh gamdangte ah galtai uh hi. Jeremiah bu sungah bel a kithatte banah Judah kumpi gam a tuk khitin galmat in Babylon ah mi 4,600 kiciahpih hi ci hi. 586 BC in Judah gam a tam zaw sia ahih manin a economy sia in a milip sim tham ding om nawn lo hi.
Kingdom of Israel tom kik a et pakna:
*Fully independent (ca 567 years)
1. Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) (1050–931 BCE): Israel ten kumpi gam (kingdom) phuankhia in kumpi khat bek - Saul, David, Saolom cihte uk hun sung hi.
2. Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) (931–722 BCE): Kingdom of Northern Israel
3. Kingdom of Judah (931–586 BCE): Kingdom of Southern Israel
4. Hasmonean Kingdom (140–37 BCE): Judah mi Hasmoneans or "Maccabees" ten a uk hun sung uh. (First Book of Maccabees ah bel Israel zong na ci hi).
*Fully independent (ca 567 years)
1. Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) (1050–931 BCE): Israel ten kumpi gam (kingdom) phuankhia in kumpi khat bek - Saul, David, Saolom cihte uk hun sung hi.
2. Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) (931–722 BCE): Kingdom of Northern Israel
3. Kingdom of Judah (931–586 BCE): Kingdom of Southern Israel
4. Hasmonean Kingdom (140–37 BCE): Judah mi Hasmoneans or "Maccabees" ten a uk hun sung uh. (First Book of Maccabees ah bel Israel zong na ci hi).
*Self-governing region (ca 134 years)
1. Yehud Medinata (539–332 BCE), autonomous province of Persian Achaemenid Empire [province of Judah" or Israel
Herodian Kingdom, client kingdom teng Herod the Great (37–4 BCE)] in uk khum a, a zalaihte a tawpna Agrippa II c. 100 CE dong nungta hi): Hih gam pen Roman Judea (or cognates) a kici Rom kumpi a ukkhum hun lai hi a, Lungdamna Thu Matthai, Marka, Luka leh Sawltak ah zong a tangthu kimu thei hi.
1. Yehud Medinata (539–332 BCE), autonomous province of Persian Achaemenid Empire [province of Judah" or Israel
Herodian Kingdom, client kingdom teng Herod the Great (37–4 BCE)] in uk khum a, a zalaihte a tawpna Agrippa II c. 100 CE dong nungta hi): Hih gam pen Roman Judea (or cognates) a kici Rom kumpi a ukkhum hun lai hi a, Lungdamna Thu Matthai, Marka, Luka leh Sawltak ah zong a tangthu kimu thei hi.
JUDAHTE' MODERN HISTORY
1. Judahte leitang kician nei loin Palestine gam-ah om sawtpi tak om in Jewish Homeland a neih theihna dingun Zionist Organization phuankhia in Palestine gam ah Judahte a peemna dingun laigelh tawh na pang in tha na pia kua dang hi loin 2 May 1860, Pest, Austria-Hungary ah piang a, 3 July 1904 in Reichenau an der Rax, Austria a si "father of modern political Zionism" leh Austro-Hungarian journalist, playwright, political activist leh writer Theodor Herzl ahi hi. Laigelh man leh a political ngaihsutna tawh Zionist Movement a piangkhiasak pa hi a, kum 44 sung bek a nuntak hangin a political ngaihsutna genkhiate leh a laigelhte hangin Zionist Movement hong piangkhia hi.
2. Modern state of Israel founder leh Israel Prime Minister masa pen David Ben-Gurion koi gam a piang leh koi gam pansan hiam cih i ngaihsun ngei uh hiam? A naupang lai pek panin Zionist Movement vai David Ben-Gurion a uukna na kipan a, hong gol ciangin major Zionist leader leh Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization in 1946 hong len hi. Amah Israel a piang leh khangkhia hi peuhmah lo a, 16 October 1886 in Płońsk, Poland ah na piang a, 1 December 1973 in Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel ah si hi hi.
2. Israel President masa pen Chaim Azriel Weizmann kici pa Palestine gam-a piang i sasa kha hiam? Chaim Azriel Weizmann pen Zionist leader leh Israeli thugensiam (statesman) hi a, President of the Zionist Organization leh President of Israel dingin 16 February 1949 in hong kiteelcing theihna ding leh a sih dong (1952) Israel President a let theihna dingin 27 November 1874 in Motal, Belarus ah na piang a, 9 November 1952, Rehovot, Israel ah si hi.
3. Israel politician leh tu-a Israel ruling party Likud Party phuankhia pa Menachem Begin zong Palestine gam a piang i sa kha hiam? Israeli politician, Likud Party a phuankhiat theihna ding leh Prime Minister of Israel gukna a suah theihna dingin state of Israel a kiphuankhiat ma-in Zionist militant group Irgun (Jewish paramilitary organization organization golzaw Haganah panin a lengkhiatpih Revisionist kipawlna) a makaih theihna dingin Judahte leitang nei loin a omna uh Palestine gam ah na piang in na khangkhia in panmun in zang tuan peuhmah lo a, 16 August 1913 in a pianna gam Brest, Belarus pan in mapang a, 9 March 1992 in Tel Aviv, Israel ah si na hi zaw hi.
4. Israeli politician leh Israel Prime Minister term nih 1983–84 leh 1986–1992 a len Yitzhak Shamir zong Palestine gam-a piang hilo a, a political career Palestine gam pansan na hi zaw hi. State of Israel a piankhiat ma-in Yitzhak Shamir pen Zionist paramilitary group Lehi leader hi a, 22 October 1915 in Russian Empire ah a min dingin Icchak Jaziernicki kici tawh a kipuak in Ruzhinoy, Russian Empire a piang hi a, 30 June 2012 in Tel Aviv, Israel ah si hi bek hi.
Russian Empire (Imperial Russia or simply Russia zong a kici) kumpi gam pen Tsar kumpi in a ukna ma hun lai 1721 panin Eurasia leh North America gam dong Great Northern War in gualzawhna a ngah khit nung uh kumpi gam sung genna hi a, 1917 in February Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution zong a kici) in lawnthal in Republic tawh Union of Soviet Socialist Republic gam hong piankhiatna ma-a kumpi gam genna hi.
Russian Empire pen Empire lak panin a gol pen thumna hi a, a leitang 22.8 million km² hi a, milip 18.15 crores (1916) teenna kumpi gam leh gam lapi dingin "God Save The Tsar" cih zangin khuapi dingin (Capitals) Saint Petersburg leh Moscow na zang uh a, Tsarist autocracy, Autocracy, Absolute monarchy, Constitutional monarchy tawh na ki-uk uh hi.
Russian Empire pen Empire lak panin a gol pen thumna hi a, a leitang 22.8 million km² hi a, milip 18.15 crores (1916) teenna kumpi gam leh gam lapi dingin "God Save The Tsar" cih zangin khuapi dingin (Capitals) Saint Petersburg leh Moscow na zang uh a, Tsarist autocracy, Autocracy, Absolute monarchy, Constitutional monarchy tawh na ki-uk uh hi.
5. Israel politician leh Prime Minister of Israel a kua veina len
leh cabinets member 12 vei na len ngei Simon Petesz zong Palestine gam a piang leh khangkhia i sa kha hiam? Na hi dek suai lo a, 2 August 1923 in Vishnyeva, Belarus gam ah na piang a, 28 September 2016 in Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel ah si hi.
leh cabinets member 12 vei na len ngei Simon Petesz zong Palestine gam a piang leh khangkhia i sa kha hiam? Na hi dek suai lo a, 2 August 1923 in Vishnyeva, Belarus gam ah na piang a, 28 September 2016 in Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel ah si hi.
6. Tu lian a Israel Defense Minister len leh hawkish in a kingaihsun Israel politician ahi Avigdor Lieberman zong hih ciang dong tungin a gam adingin nasem in, a gam a itna a lahkhiat theihna dingin Palestine gam a piang i sa kha hiam? Na hi dek suai lo a, Union of Soviets Socialist Republic (USSR) a kitapkhapma Chișinău, Moldova gam ah na piang hi. (Tu-in Moldova sovereign state hita hi).
Avigdor Lieberman In Defense Minister a let ma-in 2009-2012 kikal leh 2013-2015 kikal Israel' Minister of Foreign Affairs na len a, tua loin Israel Parliament Knesset member in a kihel ngei banah Deputy Prime Minister of Israel zong na len ngei kum 60 mi hi.
EI POLITICAL CONTEXT
India leh Myanmar politics thu i kikupkhawm ciangin pawl khatte minam it pen leh semkhia pen leh a mapang pen leh a suplawh khin pen kineih keek in a Zomi pih dangte nationalism, patriotism leh sepkhiatna a kalh ngam leh a to (challenge) sese nuam leh mun dang gam danga omte gam itna leh sepkhiatna tawh mapang thei lo dinga neumuh kitam mahmah mawk hi. Gamdang leh mun dang ah om ten minam it theih loh ding leh minam adingin septheih loh dinga ngaihsun a awngawng bang tam dep in, minam it pen kineih laulau se ki-om se hi. Tua bang mite pen Jesuh lehhek in a kithahna dingin golhguk sum ngun peek shekel thum tawh Judah siampite tungah zuak napi Jesuh a kithah ding lai-in a that dinga molhtum leh hiam tawite Gethsemane huan sung dong va makaih in Jesuh hi cih a man ding ten a theihna lim dingun a lahna in Jesuh it kineih in a va nam (kissed) in, 'na khan' sawt ta hen,' a ci Judas Iscariot banga minam itte bangin ka ngaihsun zaw mai hi.
Peter in zong Jesuh a kithah ma-in akpi khuan ma thum vei kitheihmawh bawl in a nial ma-in Jesuh a itna thum vei na gen in na ciam hi. Minam it dan zong nam tuamtuam om ahih manin tel khialh leh muan khialh khak ding kidophuai mahmah hi. AA khuang ciauciau Zolengthe zong i mat ding ciangin, "Thepi aw, hing tawn hong tawn..." ci-in the zol in a tuanna singkung bang damdam in i khuat liang a, mat khak dingin hong tawnsuk ciangin kiman in kithat hi. Thepi zol a hong zol siam gam it kineih a meetna ding uh bek a ngaihsun gam it kicite khut sung na tun khak lohna dingin kidawm in la pilvang in.
Hak gega napi khua mu lo, laisimsim napi a deihna tel lo, khuadakdak napi khuamu lo, thu kankan napi a tel lo, lai ki-atat napi a deihna a tel zawh loh manin laigelh teng a pum muhdah pong, thu kigente a deihna ngaihsun lopi-in a za nuam lo, mipi' ngaihsutna neumuhsak in za nuam loin mipi' deihna a thusim vet lo, mipi tawh so (pulse) kibang thei lo, mipi tawh tonkhawm nuam loin a tonkhawm thei lo, amau' ngaihsutna bek, amau' cih bek, amau' gen bek, amau' thu bek mitdel sialkhau let a pang keka, amau guakin a kilangin a tuang veuvau nuam sese, liangko tunga puak ding a ut sese, amau bek a mai-ah a tuam pai valval nuam leh a tu keihkaih, exercise bawl lo-a khezaw gawp pai thei lo makai mai khak a tam luat manin a makai leh mai-a paite ki-makhelh theih lohna lampi ah a pai kitam hi. Zomi nautangte pen tu-a i dinmun tun khitnasa cimtak in i tunna panin mainawt nuam in ui cithak vei a bang keei, mainawt nuam a kiphu tultul ihi ta hi. Makai gina a om loh ciangin hih bang teng a piang hi bek a, i kipumkhatna a hat zawh kei leh hong makaihte siam lohna hang hi zaw hi.
Mipite' lai at, mipite' thugen za nuam loin mipite support leh vote bek deih a awngawng ten mipite support leh vote na lamet nop uh leh mipite khamkham nawn kei un. Zaknop na sak kei uh leh mai khak in tutu nawn kei un la, mipite' mainawtpih in, khangtohna ding leh noptuam ngahna dingin makaih un. Na pai nop kei uh leh mipite' a pai theihna ding, a kiphut tultul nawn lohna dingun lampi na awn lel un. Kum sim in Hindute' pawi leh Muslimte' pawite ah mipi kiphu lua ahih manin a kituancil kha, a sihlawh kha mi tampi om den hi. Mipi a kinakphutna mun ah a neu leh a thanemte kituancil kha leh naklah in sihlawh thei uh hi.
Makaite leh mai a paite mainawt in pai hi leh mipi kiphu nawn lo ding hi. Makaite delh a kiphut man hun ding a om lo dingin a mai lam-a makaih in a pai makaite in paina tawh mipite hong makaih un. Khawl deldal, tu keihkaih nawn kei un. Hun in hong khengkheng khin zo a, hun in ngak nei lo hi. Nungzui lak ah a hat deuh hong phu kha a om veve leh tuate kipuasak un. A thanem numei naupangte peuh kipuasaksak mawk kei un la, kisawnsawnsak nawn kei ta un. Mipite' lak panin otna pen a mot ot uh hi peuhmah lo a, kiphu lua ta cihna hi zaw hi. Lam tuam sat nop man leh tangtat nuam man leh makaite hawmthawh leh langpanna hang hilo hi cih phawkhuai in theihuai hi.
Lamtuam sat nuamte leh makaite langpang nuam in a tangtat nuamte a aw uh kiza se lo a, a tuam in a sim in kigelkhia khian lel uh ahih manin lampi dang tawn in pai uh hi. A tuam pai lam nangawn uh mipi ten phawk pak lo lai hi. Mipi lak panin otna aw gingkhiat a om leh makaite leh a mai a paite makhelh sawmna leh demna hilo a, na ol pai luat manun hong sawnna uh hi zaw hi. Lam tuam sat nuam in, tangtat in a tuam pai nuamte amau guak in amau' lampi a phut tawm uh kul ding hi. Tuate' tuahphat tuahsiat awlmawh luat ding hilo hi. I tawm mahmah nak lai-in lam tuam sat kineih in mipite' paina ding lam khak leh nawngkaisak a kawi tai bualbual se a om makaite makaih zia ngaihsuthuai kha thei kha ding hi.
Ahih hang, khat guak tuam pai leh lam tuam sat pen bang zah takin hat phial ta leh mipite nawk puk zo lo ding uh a, nang zo peuhmah lo ding uh hi. Mipi a makaihte a pai kei leh bel tua a tuam pai ten nop sa zaw ding uh hi. Mipite' aw pen makaite adingin "speedometer" hi cih phawkhuai hi. Lam tuak a paite zong ei hong langpang hi pah lo uh hi cih Israel modern history ah Jewish state a piankhiatna dingin kipawlna tampi mah na om veve uh hi cih zong ngaihsuthuai hi.
THUKHUPNA:
Zomite pen minam dangte zah-a milip tam hilo ihih manin i kipumkhat a, ngaihsutna tuam nei-a lam tuam satte zong i huaisiam a, i zolsiam ding kisam hi. Ngia hon lakah tuute a kipumkhat laiteng ngia in ne zo lo hi. Amaute kilem lo kituak loin a kikhenthang uh ciangin ngia ten khat khit khat ban neknek hi. Bawng honte a tai keek ciangin sahang in olno takin petlum in ne hi. Democratic politics ah kpawlkhawm theihna leh mihonte tawh kituakin kalsuanna pen gualzawh hi. Makai hi buang napi mipite thusim lo a, miipite tawh kituak thei loin thuneihna bek a lunggulh in a tuam len' nuamte pen kamsiatna in ngak hi. Israel state piankhiatna dinga mapangte leh makaite thu sim leng lai kigelhte panin Zionist Movement lunglutna ngah in, a omna uh gamdang panin a laigelhna uh leh a thugenna uh hangin a movement uh hong thahatsak a, sovereign state nei minam leh a thakhat gam suak thei uh hi cih lungngai kik in laigelhte leh ngaihsutna genkhiate khamkham nawn kei ni.
By: Thang Khan Lian & Pau Khat Suan
Photo: Zionist Organization phuankhia leh "father of modern political Zionism" Austro-Hungarian journalist, playwright, political activist leh writer Theodor Herzl
