BANG HANGA INDO-NAGA PEACE TALKS TUK DINGIN KITHAWI HIAM?
Government of India (GoI) leh Naga ten kihona a neih uh kum 23 bang cing khin zo napi Naga peace process in lampi dalna (roadblock) phu kha bak bangin om hi. Indian Central Government in October 31, 2019 in buaina hamsa ven'sakna (solution) bawl dingin ngimna a neih hangin National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM) faction Isak-Muivah in “Naga national flag” leh “Naga Yezhabo (constitution)” tuam (separate) neih dingin a kalh cinten khawlsan lo ahih manin kitheihsiamna tawh kilemna (compromise) a pian' ding hamsa sak hi. Tua loin Nagaland gam kiim-a states thum - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam leh Manipur sunga Nagate omna leitang teng zong Nagalim (Greater Nagaland) suahsak a, Naga milim 1.2 million kiimte gam khat ah gawmkhawm ding ngimna a neih manun tua in buaina kibehlap sak hi.
TU LIAN DINMUN A NAWNGKAINA BANG HIAM?
Nagaland Governor leh Naga peace talks ah palai (interlocutor) zong a sem R.N. Ravi in 2019 August kha-in Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a beisa kum nga sungin Naga peace process a baihlam thei pen in a khupna (conclude) bawl ding a deihna thu gen hi ci hi. October 18, 2019 in Mr. Ravi in kilemna thukimna (peace deal) suai a kaih khit nungin Naga flag leh constitution tuam neih ding deih Naga namke tuamtuam leh Nagaland sunga church organisations tawh consultative meeting nei a, statement a bawlna ah, "Kithutuak tak-a thukimna 'mutually-agreed draft comprehensive settlement' kici suai kaih dingin man sa-in om napi NSCN-IM in settlement a pian' theihna ding a zekaisakna dingin ngian zang uh hi. NSCN-IM ten geelna hoih lo ah ngaihsuttawm thu (imaginary content) tawh Framework Agreement kikai-awksak uh hi," ci-in Naga flag leh constitution vai na genna dingin na zang hi.
FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT BANG HIAM?
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Centre ah 2014 kum in thuneihna hong let khit uh northeast India lamah khut kizan ding hi ci-in pulak a, tua tawh kitonin 1997 kum in NSCN-IM tawh tomvei sung kilemna (truce) a neihpih mah bangin Nagate gamvai tawh kisai buaina (political issue) a manlang thei pen in ven'sak ding sawm hi. Mr. Ravi leh NSCN-IM general secretary Thuingaleng Muivah in August 3, 2015 in PM Modi mai-ah Framework Agreement thukimna suai kai uh hi. Framework Agreement a neih khit nung uh kihona rounds 80 dektak mahmah nei khin zo napi-un thukimna tawpna (final agreement) piang thei lo a, tua loin NSCN-IM leh Centre a Modi' government in tua thukimna neihna sungah bang teng om hiam cih imcip in mipite zak dingin pulak khia lo tuak uh ahih manin Nagate bek hi loin Nagaland kiim-a state thum a omte sungah muanmawhna leh om mawkmawk theih lohna (restlessness) piangsakin sa-ik sak den hi.
Central Government in kihona ah Naga thau tawi kipawlnate (armed groups) a kihelsak manin Naga sunga mi pawl khatte in a hoihlam lametna (optimism) a neih uh beisak hi. Political parameters a om thukimna (agreement) pen working committee Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs) kici tawh November 17, 2017 panin neih kipan uh hi. Hih agreement in peace process nakpi takin a pai hatsak hangin Modi' Central Government in Naga sunga tribal mi tuamtuamte kikhenna leh geopolitical lines ah kikhenna piangsak ahih manin October 31, 2019 in Final Agreement a bawl sawm hangun tu dong thukimna tawna takak bawl thei lo uh a, Arunachal, Assam leh Manipur gamgi a lawng khak leh buaina lianpi piang thei dinmun in om bang hi.
NAGA BUAINA CIK A KIPAN HIAM?
1881 in Naga Hills teng British India government khut sungah lut hi. Naga namke states tuamtuam a kikhenthangte gawm kikna ding hanciamna tawh 1918 in Naga Club kici phuankhia uh a, Simon Commission kiangah 1929 in "Tanglai hun mah bangin ko leh ko ka kivaihawm leh thu khensatna dingin ko bek hong nusiatsan un," ci-in ngetna lai British Indian government liangah na khia uh hi. Naga Club hong kiphuankhiatna panin 1946 in Angami Zapu Phizo' (A.Z. Phizo ci-in a kithei zaw Naga minamte pa a kici pa) makaihna tawh Naga National Council (NNC) kici hong piangkhiasak uh hi.
A.Z. Phizo' makaihna tawh August 14, 1947 in NNC in Nagaland state pen state hi loin suahtakna ngah gam (independent State) hi ci-in tangko khia uh a, May 1951 in mipi a tam zawte deihna lakna (referendum) nei uh a, tua ah Nagate 99.9% in “sovereign Nagaland” gum in deih uh hi. March 22, 1952 in Phizo in gamnuaimi (underground) Naga Federal Government (NFG) leh Naga Federal Army phuankhia hi. Government of India (GoI) in Nagate' kiphinna leh kumpi a lehdona (insurgence movement) betdaihna dingin Indian Army sawl lut pah a, 1958 in Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act kici galkap ten special powers a neihna dingun thukham khauh mahmah (draconian law) bawl hi. Nagate kiphinna 1970s kiim pawlin thanem in hong zawngkhal mahmah hangin Th. Muivah leh S.S. Khaplang in NSCN hong phuatkhiat manun hong thahat kik hi.
NSCN TAWH PEACE PROCESS A MASA PENNA HIAM?
Hilo hi. India in August 15, 1947 in suahtakna a ma-in zong Nagate tawh GoI makai tuamtuam in peace process na neihpih ngei uh a, zol theih zol mawh in Naga makaite na zolzol uh hi. June 1947 in Assam Governor Sir Akbar Hydari in NNC sungah a khauhpai lua lo pawl (moderates) tawh Nine-Point Agreement kici thukimna suai na kaihpih a, ahih hangin Phizo in thukimpih loin nolhsan in nawlkhin hi. Tua khitin July 1960 in in NNC ahi lo leh GoI thatang hat thu tawh do nisiatsan laitak August 1957 kum in Naga moderates ten a phuankhiat uh Naga's People Convention kicite tawh 16-point Agreement kici thukimna na bawl kik leuleu uh a, tua hangin Nagaland state kici December 1, 1963 in hong piangkhia hi.
April 1964 in NNC tungah operation khawlsakna (suspension of operation or SoO) ding thukimna Peace Mission a kibawl hangin kihona guk vei a neih khit nungin khawlsanin nusiatsan (abandoned) uh hi. Tua khit nungin November 11, 1975 in Shillong Accord kici kithukimna nei kik uh a, tua thukimna ah NNC leh NFG sunga members pawl khatte in a thau tawite uh piakhia dingin thukimna nei uh hi. Shillong Accord pen Naga Movement beisakna dingin kikhemna hi ci-in Th. Muivah' makaih 140 members ten thukim loin China gam-ah tai uh a, 1980 in NSCN hong phuankhia uh hi. Ahih hangin 1988 in NSCN kikhen in pawl (faction) nih suak a, faction khat Muivah in makaih a, faction dang khat Myanmar pansan Khaplang in makaih hi.
KIKHENNA (DIVISION) IN PEACE PROCESS NAWNGKAISAK KHA HIAM?
Tu lai tak-a thukimna a om theih loh manin Naga peace talks mainawt thei loin a din'khawlna (current impasse) hangin Central government in Naga society sunga kitelsiam lohna ahih kei leh buaina (tension) sosak a, tu lian dinmun in a kizang identities tuam “shared sovereignty” principle zat ding Central Goverment in sawm ahih manin hih thu hangin Naga sungah kikhenna lianpi piangsak hi (a deih leh deih lote kikal sungah). Trump in anti-immigration leh #Make_America_Great_Again cih policies a lim zat mahmah bangin Modi' government in zong nationalism cih ultungsak mahmah in "one nation, one constitution" principle cih zangin Jammu and Kashmir ah Article 370 phiatmangsak a, Jammu and Kashmir in flag leh constitution tuam, special status a neihna lakhiatsakin phiatmangsak a, Union Territory (UT) nih - Jammu leh Laddakh in khen hi. 2019 in Mr. Ravi in Naga stakeholders-te a hopih ma-in NNPGs ten Nagaland namkete leh a state sunga a teng mite (tribes and inhabitants) "a ihmutna panin a khanlawh uh a, amau leh amau kisakkhol uh hun ta hi.... kum 22 sung political talks kineihna panin Arunachal Pradesh, Assam leh Manipur a om Naga ten Nagaland bei-in ‘people’s government of Nagalim’ cih tawh kilaih ding hi ci-in tangko khia ding uh ahih manin nomau mahmah kisakholh hun hi,” ci uh hi. Hih bang thu pen NSCN-IM’ sungah a tam zawte Manipur pansan Tangkhul members ten a ngaihsutna uh, a deihna uh leh a ngimna uh ahi hi. Tua bang kawmkal ah NNPGs ten Nagaland sungah Naga mite buaina hamsa ven'sakna (solution) deih uh a, NSCN-IM in bel Nagaland gamgi (geographical boundary) peel-a om Naga mite teen'na kiim teng tawh Nagaland tawh gawmkhawm ding sawm in kalh cinten hi. Interlocutor R.N. Ravi in Naga ten "separate flag and constitution" hong ngetna uh kisan'sak lo ding hi ci hi.
BANG HANGA NAGALAND’ KIIM-A STATE THUMTE OMKHONG THEI LOIN (RESTIVE) PHIA VILVEL UH HIAM?
Arunachal Pradesh, Assam leh Manipur states ten NSCN-IM' Nagalim or Greater Nagaland concept a neih un gamgi kikhung khinsa laih phat a, gelh kik kul ding ahih manin cimtakhuai sa-in tawlhuai sakpih mahmah hi. Hih thu hangin a beisa kumte panin Manipur ah lungphona kipan kipan khin zo a, Assembly Speaker Y. Khemchand Singh in PM Modi kiangah lai a khakna ah Manipur leitang kipumkhatna (territorial integrity) keeksakna ding thu khatpeuh bangmah a om leh a piang bangmah om lo bangin kithuak in kidawh (tolerate) lo ding hi ci hi. Hih Naga peace talks ah final settlement bawl a sawmna hang bekin 2019 kum in Lamka nangawn van man khang hanhan ta napi-in i gam leh minam it kici lanlan leh makaite in kala (vai) sum bawl ten thukham palsat in van mang teng a ban khansakna hangun kam keek a pau ngam zak ding om lo zen hi.
Arunachal Pradesh leh Assam state in bel GoI leh Naga ten peace talks a neih in Nagaland state pua-ah pan-Naga cultural entity (Naga ngeina ciamna gol zaw) leh territorial councils a piangsak thei Naga peace talk reports bildawh kawmin ngak leh et “waiting and watching” policy zang uh hi. Tua bang kawmkal ah Nagaland government in order a suahna ah administrative leh police personnel khempeuh khuan (leave) kipia lo ding a, government nasepna nei kuamah in social media ah government' thukhensatna a gensiatna uh a khah lohna ding uh a zaksak banah van kisamte leh namgimtui (essential commodities and fuel) lim takin kuapeuh in a kicing dingin a kaihkhawmna (stock ration) dingun 2019 in na zasak hi.
Naga peace talks a lawhsap peuhmah leh Nagaland leh Manipur ah van kitangsapna hangin van man nak khan pen dingin a beisa hun-a thupiangte bangin mailam hunah zong piang kik zel dingin kilamen ahih manin kisapnate sengkhawm khol dingin hoih hi. 2019 in a kiho lai-un zong Nagaland leh Manipur state governments in kum nasemte (a diakin palik leh galkapte) khuan a piak loh banah zato inn a nasemte emergency services bawl thei dingin kisakhol dingin thu pia khin zo hi.
NAGA MINAMTE PA A.Z. PHIZO
A.Z. Phizo (father of the Naga nation) in, "Galphual ah Nagate kipiakhia (surrendered) ngei lo ding uh hi. Ahih hangin thau lawng panin sum a kilotkhiat ciangin Nagate mi tampi tuk ding hi," ci-in na genkhol hi. Phizo gamtatna tumdang ahih kei leh ciamteh thamte leh a kipiakhiat sangpen (extraordinary acts and supreme sacrifice) hi ci-in a kinak gen mahmah thu pawl khat hi bang ahi hi: 1. Indian PM lui Jawaharlal Nehru in A.Z. Phizo tungah blank-political cheque a piak hangin Phizo in na san'sak nuam loin na nolhsan hi.
2. Tua khitin Nehru in Phizo in Naga Movement a khawlsan ding a deihna tawh Assam Governor panmun len dingin a zol hangin Phizo ut loin na nolhsan hi.
3. Tua khit nungin Nehru in Indian Government ah Minister dingin Phizo a cial hangin na ut lo hi.
4. India in Malaya (Malaysia gam min lui) ah Indian Ambassador dingin a zol hangin Phizo na zol zo lo hi.
5. Minister of the Natural Resources and Scientific Research of India leh Governor of Assam lui Shri Prakasa in 1949 in Phizo kiangah, "Phizo aw, na deih peuhmah kong pia ding hi. Na deihte min list hong bawl in la, hong pia in. Sum pen dotna ah om kha lo hi (lungkhamhuai masa lo hi). Na khatpeuh na deih ahih nak leh ka hong pia ding uh hi," ci-in a zol hangin Phizo na zol zo lo hi.
6. 1952 in Nehru in Indian President panmun len dingin Phizo a zol hangin Phizo in na nolhsan hi. Phizo in Indian President panmun a nolhna thu hih bangin na gen hi: "Piak dinga nong ciam (President panmun offer) kong nolhsanna a hang pen leitung ah na khempeuh sangin Naga mite ka it zawkna hang ahi hi. Ama' pian'na gam leh a minampih hi napi zuak ngam in, a lehpei in khem (sell and betray) ding a thubaih lua tam tampi ka sinkhiat khit nungin hih bangin hong kipiate (offerings) Naga mite kei it bangin a it lo Naga dang tungah kipia hileh Nagate ka mangthang khit uh ahih kei leh bei (gone) khin ta ding uh hi."
*NEHRU LEH PHIZO KIMUH NUNUNG PENNA AH A KIHONA UH:*
Jawaharal Nehru in Phizo kiangah March 11, 1952 in Nagaland sovereignty (sovereignty i cih ciangin political term ah suahtakna ngah khinsa gam khempeuh in thuneihna sangpen leh thuneihna khempeuh a neihna uh, gam dangte' thuzawhna hang hi loin amau deihna tawh kituakin thukhensat theihna a neihna uh genna hi) vai ngetna a khawlsan dingin kunh a, Phizo in Nagaland' sovereignty a piakkhiat (surrendered) nuam loh ciangin Nehru in a khuttum tawh sabuai (table) tum puak bak a, "Vantung hong kiasuk ahih kei leh India a them a them (pieces) a suak a, India ah sisan luangte a san lai teng phamawh ka sa vet kei hi. Nagate in cikmah in suahtakna (independence) a ngah ding uh kiphal ngei lo ding hi," ci-in otkhum beba hi. Phizo in, "Pha zo (hoih bel) hi Pandit Nehru aw, Pasian sangin ka maban uh a thei zaw na bang hi. Mangpha man ni ei," ci-in ciahsan hi. Tua meeting a neih khit nung uh Nehru leh Phizo a nuntak sung uh khat vei beek kimu kik lo hi.
A.Z. Phizo in, "Galphual ah Nagate kipiakhia (surrendered) ngei lo ding uh hi. Ahih hangin thau lawng panin sum a kilotkhiat ciangin Nagate mi tampi tuk ding hi," ci-in na genkhol bang hong tangtun tam cih ngak kawmin Indo_Naga Peace Talks ki-et hithiat lai hi. Phizo bangin a gam leh a mite a it, a gam leh a mipihte adingin a kipiakhia leh a sum ngam Naga ten makai a nei lai uh hiam cih a sawt loin hong kitel pah ta ding bang hi. Phizo bangin i gam leh i minam a it makai i neih ciangin i lunggulh leh hamphatna ngah dinga kilawmte i ngah zo pan bek ding hi. I political rights neihte nget theih napi-in mi dangte political rights a va suk khaksak leh suam (attacks) khakna tawh i political demands neihte ngah ding pen thubaih lo hi cih Nagate' tangthu panin sin ding kimu thei hi.
References: Let Freedom Ring (book on Naga nationalism by Atai A.S. Shimray); The Blood and the Tears (by Kaka D. Iralu) and Why have the Naga peace talks stumbled?article written by Rahul Karmak @ Hindu news
Zolai tawh a tei leh kaikhawm: Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs 
