EXONYM LEH ENDONYM ZATNA A KIBAT LOHNA I KHENTEL THEIH LOH MANIN BUAINA DINGA KISAM LOPI KIBUAIPIH DEN -2

 

EXONYM LEH ENDONYM ZATNA A KIBAT LOHNA I KHENTEL THEIH LOH MANIN BUAINA DINGA KISAM LOPI KIBUAIPIH DEN

Exonym (emic) leh endonym (etic) zatzia a kibatlohna (differences) a khentel theih loh man leh a kibatlohna san' zawh lohna hangin kum zalom 20 a kipanin leitung gam tuamtuamte leh minam tuamtuamte buaina na kipan hi. Ei Zo suante bek hi loin leitungah minam tuamtuamte in zong a tuah thu uh hi.

Exonym or xenonym kici pen gam leh mun leh mual min, mihon (group) min, mimal min ahih kei leh pau leh ham min dingin a pualamte hong sapna min (external name) hi a, mundang, mihon leh minam dangte leh pau leh ham dangte hong sapna dingin a zat uh genna kammal hi.

Endonym or autonym kici pen gam leh mun min, mihon (minam) min, pau leh ham min genna dingin a tualsuak mite zat min (internal name) genna hi a, mun, a mi leh pau kibang zangte in a a zatkhawm uh min kibang leh kikhat (common name) dingin a zat uh - gentehna dingin amau leh amau a kisapna min, self-designated, a homeland uh ahih kei leh a pau min dingin a zat uh genna kammal dinga kizang (terminology) ahi hi.

Endonym leh exonym terminology a kizatzia thei lo teng bekin minam (nation) min kimlai ethnic/tribe min in neuseek sawm thapai uh a, tua ciang bek political vision in nei uh ahih manin tua bek mah tawh leitung bei dong buai ngap zen uh hi. Endonym terminology bekbek (Zomi a cih ngiau bek mah) i deih leh English mite peuh Mikangte, Hindute peuh Kala/Vaite, Burmese mite peuh Kawlte, Yangon khuapi peuh Zangkong, Imphal peuh Phaipi etc etc etc peuh va cih saksak nawn loin amau kisapna/kiciamtehna leh amau phuah bangin i va cih sak pah ding hi ziau hi.

Tua loin Zo suante pen minam dangte Chin, Kuki cih dan khawngin hong ciamtehna leh sapna i zadah pah pen lungsim neu vai mahmah i hihna a kilatkhiatna hi. Minam dangte in hong theihna leh ciamtehna bangun hong sap leh ciamteh hangun i minam hihna a neu nuam leh hem tuam ding hilo hi. En zong minam dangte leh a khua minte uh eima sapna leh ciamtehna tawh i sap/ciamteh manin ahihna uh kilamdang tuam beek lo hi.

Minam dangte leh a khuate i sapna in amau i zat endonym terminology zat uh zuihsak nuam het loin amau adingin exonym terminology a suak dingin eima endonym terminology va zatzat sak loh pah hong kilawm ding bang hi (minam picingte amau minam kiciamtehna bang leh amau khuapi minte lawh bangin i sapsak hangin ei Zomite bangin a zadah leh a buai ngap kuamah om lo uh hi).

Eimah leh eimah i kiciamtehna leh i khua minte i lawhna dingin endonym terminology i zat hangin minam dangte eima kampau leh ei minam suaksak zo ngei lo ding i hih manin amau i exonym terminology tawh hong sapna uh leh ciamtehnate uh Chin, Kuki cihte pawl zadah lua in i kitom keei pong hangin a phattuamna ding mahmah om lo hi cih phawk hun ta hi.

I ngaihsutna a zai leh i thawlna leh tat zawhna zai-in i gam a zai zo pan hi bek a, i ngaihsutna a kawcik lai teng i thawlna leh i gam neu beh semsem hi cih phawkhuai mahmah ta hi. Chin cih pen exonym terminology in minam dangte hong sapna leh ciamtehna hi a, Zomi cih pen endonym terminology in i minam (nation) min lawhna leh sapna dingin i kiciamtehna hi. Exonym leh endonym kibat lohna beek theih sawm ta ni.

Bu-al khuangta taikhua vaal zo ta ahih manin khanlawh hun ta hi. Mikang ten DOG a cih uh, Hindi ten KUTTA, Meitei ten HUI a cih uh i Zokam in UI i ci hi. Zo Minam Ni ci-in gelh ding man zaw napi-in Zomi Nam Ni ci-in a gelh nuam teiteite in Zomi ui, Zo ak peuh Zomi ak, Zo ngeina peuh Zomi ngeina etc cih daudau kilawm leh dik zaw leh hong kilawm sawnsawn hi. Zokam ah nam cih kammal pen "minam" cihna hilo ahih manin kammal thum bek a pha i Zomi (Chin) National Day pen Zo Minam Ni ci-in i gelh a, gelh dan a kibang leh a kikhat kum 73 cin'na zang khin buang a kibang zathuai mahmah ta hi.

Minam tuamtuamte in i sapna uh leh i ciamtehna uh a tuam tek hangin ui  ahihna kiam tuam lo, hem tuam lo, neu tuam lo a, UI ahihna bei tuam lo hi cih phawkhuai mahmah ta hi.

Gentehna dingin minam dangte hong sapna leh ciamtehna leitung bei dong i zakdah sawm keei pong leh Mikangte in DOG a cih uh ui cihsak masak kisam zaw kha ding a, sakhi tuinekna panin bulput masak keei hong kul ding bang hi.

 Thang Khan Lian

TEEK PAW KHATTE NUNAKZIA (edit)

 

TEEK PAWL KHATTE NUNTAKZIA

Na tanu in pasal a nei khit ciangin a teek ten nasem sak kha zek le-uh na lungsim hong nasak mahmah a, na thangpai lua mahmah ahih manin tangtel sihtan na bang vilvel pah liang hi.

Ahih hangin na monu nasem sakin a gim luatna ding nangawn khuakna nei sese loin sun leh zan in a nasep ding na guan behbeh hangin ahi ding mah hi, a ngeina mah hi, a ci damna ding hi na cihsan hithiat lel hi.

Na tanu a dam kei pian leh patau pah in na lungsi deda pah hi.

Ahih hangin na monu si ding liangin hong dam loin lupna tung ngakin an nangawn a nek zawh loh hangin... "Nasep a thadah man hi," cih ngaihsutna nei-in na phunsan den a, um leh beel na khuangsak pah hi.

Na tanu' mothakna mun ah a pasal in a nasep a seppih den ding na deih a, a nasepna khempeuh ah a pasal in a zi a huh ding hi cih ngaihsutna na bullet cinten hi.

Ahih hangin na tapa in a zi' nasep tawm huh zek pian kha leh, "A zi kihta pa... pasal' lungsim nangawn nei lo pa..." cih ngaihsutna na nei hi.

Na tanu a thanem khak peuh ciangin na lungsim na mahmah hi.

Ahih hangin na monu' thanem hun sim in, "Buhsih hai mahmah in a lim nono a al nono ne den napi thahat lo..." na cihsan khum ziahziah pah hi.

Na tanu pen na innsung nusiatsan, na khakkhiatsa ahih mah bangin na monu zong a innsung nusiatsan ngamin a hong kuankhia ahi hi. Ei khamtung mite lakah a monu a ngekbawl luat man leh a hehpih luat manin minsiatna leh mindaina tuak kuamah om nai lo hi. Tua mah bangin a teeknu a ngekbawl leh hoih bawl luat manin minsiatna leh mindaina tuak kuamah om nai lo hi. Kihehpihtuahna leh kitelsiamtuah lohna a om mateng ui leh keel om khawm nuntakna zat thapai det ding baihlam mahmah hi.

 Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs

BIAKNA LEH POLITICS A KHEN DAN I SIAM KEI LEH COLONIALISM LEH IMPERIALISM GALVAN LAUHUAI PEN SUAK THEI ZAWSOP HI (edited)

 

BIAKNA LEH POLITICS A KHEN DAN I SIAM KEI LEH COLONIALISM LEH IMPERIALISM GALVAN LAUHUAI PEN SUAK THEI ZAWSOP HI

Biakna hangin Europe ah galpi kum 30 sung Protestant leh Roman Catholic 1618-1648 kikal a kidona hangin mihing 8 million kiim Thirty Years War or Religious War a kici ah na sihlawh piikpeek khin ngei uh a, biakna leh politics kigawmkhopna hangin Christian leh Christian kilomthahna (massacre) lak panin a nasia pen hi ding hi. Hih gal beisakna dingin Westphalia khuapi Osnabrück leh Münster ah May leh October 1648 in kilemna dingin khawmpi peace conference kici na nei uh a, October 24, 1648 in Westphalian sovereignty concept bulphuh in modern international system (tu in international law a kici) kici Westphalia Treaty hong piang hi.

Westphalia Treaty hangin gam khempeuh in thuneihna sangpen nei (sovereign) kim ciat uh a, gamgi kician nei tek ahih manin kuamah in gamgi keek in, kuamah ukkhum thei lo uh hi. International law leh sovereign law or concepts kicite pen biakna dan tawh kituak ngitnget den a, Thu Hilhkikna (Deuteronomy) 19:14 sungah, "Topa na Pasian un na neih dingun hong piak leitang tungah note’ kep ding na gamhluahna sung uh-ah khanglui mite in a phuhsa na vengte’ gisuang na khin kei ding uh hi," ci-in Pasian' genna leh Paunak 22: 28 sunga, "Na pu na pate’ phuhsa gisuang cikmah hunin khin kei un," a cih tawh sovereign law na kituak mahmah diak se bang hi.

Pope Urban II in 27 November 1095 AD in a thugenna ah biakna leh politics na gawmkhawm a, Holy Land (tua hun in Palestine gam) tengah a teeng tualsuakmi Muslim mite khut sung panin lakkiksak ding hi cih na tangkopih hi. Hih thu hangin 1095 – 1492 AD kikal kum 200 dektak mahmah biakna hanga gal kidona tatsat loin na piang a, hih hun sungin CRUSADES kici kua vei tak Holy Land lakkikna dingin Palestine gam Christian ten a sim hangin la zo tuan lo uh hi (tawlkhat sung kikal lakzawh hun bel om zel).

Crusades war hangin mihing 1.7 million panin 6 million kikal bang kithat dingin kituat hi. Ahih zongin a ngimna bulpi taktak West Jerusalem sunga om Solomon Temple a kisuksiatna mun nangawn tu dong kilakik zo tuan lo a, tua mun ah Islam biakna zuite mun siangtho pen Al Aqsa Mosque leh Dome of The Rock kici Temple of Mount huang sungah ding veuvau lai veve hi.

Pasian in Moses tungtawnin Khaldea mite teen'na Ur khuami (tu hun in Iraq gam-a om) Abraham' tungah a kamciamna bangin gam a ciamna leitang luahte pen tua hun in biakna (religion) kician a om ma, Pasian khat bek om hi cih upna bulphuh (monostheism) biakna Abrahamic religions - Judaism, Christianity leh Islam a om ma-in milim biate, meihal biakna ah a ta ngekte uh a zangte, ganhing tawh mawhna bawl, paktatna a lim zat mahmah Hit, Jebus, Perez, Amelek, Girgash leh a dangdang mite teen'na mun hi a, amaute ngeina leh biakna a zuih lohna dingun thah dingin phalna na pia mah hi.

Ahi zongin Abrahamic religions lakah kihel Islam biakna zuite leitang khempeuh tu hun in aana tawh suhsak ding cih mawk pen international law tawh a kituak loh banah LST tawh zong kituak dingin uphuai lo a, Thuciam Sawmte lakah a kihel, “Mi na that kei ding uh hi," cih leh "Na vengte uh inn na deihgawh kei ding uh hi. Na vengte uh zi hitaleh, ama nasempa hitaleh, ama nasemnu hitaleh, ama bawngtal hitaleh, ama la hitaleh, na vengte a’ ahi na khat peuhpeuh na deihgawh kei ding uh hi,” (Paikhiatna 20:13, 17) cih tawh kituak vet lo hi.

Israel kumpi lak panin gamkeek a hat pen leh lawhcing pen David nangawn in Samaria mite na vatmai loin tui tawi mi (water carrier) dingin na zang hi. A tapa kumpi Solomon' sih khit nungin Northern Isreal leh Southern Israel kikhen pah in kibalkeek a, ama zalaih Jeroboam leh Rehoboam cihte khit a sawt loin Israel Kingdom kici leitung ah na beimang ziau pah hi. Israel Kingdom a om hun lai pekin tu hun in Palestine mite pu leh pate teen'na ding Israel leh Judah kumpite in na laksak khin ngei buang lo uh hi.

Palestine mite leitang khempeuh suhsak ding cih ngaihsutna pen Zionist hawkish leh white supremacists, evangelicals mite ngaihsutna hi bek a, LST sunga, “Topa na Pasian un na neih dingun hong piak leitang tungah note’ kep ding na gamhluahna sung uh-ah khanglui mite in a phuhsa na vengte’ gisuang na khin kei ding uh hi," ci-in Thu Hilhkikna 19:14 sungah Moses in Judahte a thuhilhna tawh zong kituak loin na kitukalh hi.

Israel mite kum sawmnih sung sal in a kipuak kawikawi khit 722 BC kum in Northern Israel gam Assyria kumpi Sargon II in Northern Israel Kingdom state capital Samaria khuapi kum thum sung a umcip (siege) khit nungin (LST sunga Kumpite Masa leh Nihna leh Khang Thangthu Masa leh Nihna na sim in) Shalmaneser V in Samaria khuapi la-in susia dikdek hi. Tua khit nung Israel mite pen sila, peemta leh galtai mite hi den uh a, August 30, 70 AD in Roman Empire a lehdo manun Roman General Titus in Jerusalem khuapi sim a, Jerusalem khuapi-a Solomon' Temple a nih veina dingin susiatsak dikdek hi. Tu in Solomon' Temple kicihna mun ah Judahte adingin mun siangtho pen Kahna Baang (Wailing Wall) bek dinggaw gega bek hi. Solomon' Temple masa pen (Hebrew: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ‬: Beit HaMikdash) 587 BC pekin Nebuchadnezzar II in na suksiatsak hi.

Galpi Khatna hun in Allied Forces ten Nazi tawh kipawl Ottoman Empire hong zawh ciangun Judahte leitungah leitang nei loin om in, midangte sila in a omcip ding a phal lo British politicians Walter Rothschild, Arthur Balfour, Leo Amery leh Lord Milner in a gelh uh Balfour Declaration kici 2 November 1917 in 1902 - 1905 British Prime Minister len leh British Prime Minister David Lloyd George' nuai-a Foreign Minister len Conservative Party politician Arthur James Balfour in Balfour Declaration ah thukimna suaikai hi.

Balfour Declaration sungab British government in Palestine gam-ah Judah mite ading "national home" a gupna leh Jewish homeland bawlna dingin Palestine mite civil rights leh religious rights, a rights omte (existing rights) uh leh political status khentuamna leh deidantuamna (prejudice) nei loin a nawngkaisak khak lohna dingun a gupna thu pulak hi. Palestine mite leitang leh political status leh rights omte suksak loh ding cih ahi hi.

Galpi Nihna ah Hitler' Nazi galkap ten Holocaust ah Judahte 6 million kiim hong lom thah tak uh ciangun leitung bup-a Christian gamte leh gam tuamtuam ten Judahte hehpih leh lainathuaisa in, UN hehpihna tawh Judahte gam ding May 14, 1948 in kibawl sak a, West Bank, Gaza Strip leh East Jerusalem sung teng Palestine mite leitang dingin khensatin international law leh international Treaty tawh thukimna hong piang thei ngawngaw hi. Ahi zongin Palestine mite leitang leh inn leh lo taanlawh tul za tampi om uh hi. Hitler amah leh amah a kithahna dingin a bukna dum sung Berlin khuapi sunga Hitler' bukna bunker va buluh, Israel gam modern history ah sovereign state hi a ciamtehsak masa Soviet Union' (Russia) hi a, Holocaust nasiat penna Auswitch ah Judahte 1.67 million kiim kithahna mun a va hunkhia zo zong Russia galkapte mah hi.

Israel in UN leh leitung bup hehpihna tawh a gam ngah tu hun in Zionist hawkish politiciante leh nitumna gam-a conservative politicians pawl khatte in political support leh votes ngahna ding a ngimna uh leh Judah gam makai Zionist hawkish ten 1948 panin gamkeek hong kipan pah uh a, international law palsat in UN in Palestine mite leitang dingin a sehsak khitsa West Bank, Gaza Strip leh East Jerusalem sim pah uh ahih manin gal hong piang kik pah hi.

Judah ten West Bank, Gaza Strip leh East Jerusalem ah international law leh human rights palsat in hih munte ah illegal settlements ban bawl behbeh uh a, Palestine mite inn ban suksiatsakin, a lom thahthah den ban uh-ah, international law thukham palsat in ukkhum (illegal occupation) lai manun leitung bei dong Judah leh Palestine mite buaina veng ngei lo ding bang liang hi. Hih bangin tu hun dong gamkeekna leh galkap thatang hatna tawh ukkhumna (colonialism leh imperialism) pen CRUSADE WAR thak tawh kibang hi.

Zawh zawh thu tawh aana zangin a ut tengin gamkeek den leh leitung ah kilemna om ngei lo ding a, sisan naisan luan'na kang ngei lo ding a, innmun lomun kician nei thei kuamah leitung ah om lo ding a, sisan naisan luang den ding hi. Tanglai hun in kumpi khatin a ukna leitang teng ko gam hi ci mawk leh Assyrian Empire, Babylonian Empire, Persian Empire, Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, British Empire cihte amau hat lai-in a ukna leitang teng ko aa hi hong ci mawk leh leitung ah suahtakna ngah gam kici om lo ding hi. Biakna bulphuh in gup i neih leh thuman leh international leh sovereign law mah tawh gup kisam ta hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Joshua' hun bangin kum zalom 21 hun gamkeek hun, galkap thahatna tawh gamdang ukkhum (colonialsm and imperialism) hun hi nawn lo hi.

Colonialism leh imperialism pen Pasian' geelna leh deihna bulpi na hi masa leh thukham omsa khempeuh a bukimsak ding leh leitung mawhna gumkhia dingin a van tokhom nusiatsan in hong kumsuk Jesuh in kum 33 sung Judea gam hong vak lai-in tua kiim teng a ukkhum Roman Empire lehdona ding thu kam khat beek a gen banah a nungzuite leh Sawktak dangte in na tangkopih lua ding uh hi. Colonialism leh imperialism pen Pasian' geelna a bukimsakna ding hi zen leh Adam leh Eve panin luahsuk mawhna (original sin) i luahsawn mihingte gumkhia dingin singlamteh tungah Jesuh hong si dihdih lo ding a, Israel mite suahtakna dingin Roman Empire dona ah na makaih lua ding hi.

Tua bek hi loin Jesuh' in Mual Tung Thuhilhna ah, "A lungnem mite in Pasian’ ciamsa leitang ngah ding uh ahih manin thupha ngah mi ahi uh hi. Midang a hehpih mite tungah Pasian in hehpihna pia ding ahih manin thupha ngah mi ahi uh hi. Kilemna ding deihin a hanciam mite in Pasian’ tate cihna ngah ding uh ahih manin thupha ngah mi ahi uh hi," ci-in Matthai 5:5, 7, 9 sungah na ci het lo ding hi.

Tua bek tham loin Jesuh in, "Moses Thukham leh kamsangte’ thuhilhnate a phiat dingin hong pai hi, ci-in hong ngaihsun kei un. Tuate a phiat dingin a hong pai hi loin, amaute’ hilhna a kicingsak dingin a hong pai ka hi zaw hi... Ahi zongin ke’n note kiangah kong genin-ah: Na galte uh na it un la, no hong bawlsiate adingin thu na ngetsak un. Tua hileh vantungah a om na Pa uh tate na hi thei ding uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh amah in mihoihte le misiate tungah a kibangin ni taangsak khawm a, a gamtat phate leh a gamtat siate tungah zong a kibang mahin guah zusak khawm hi," (Matthai 5:17, 44-45) a cih banah Jesuh in, “Na Topa Pasian na lungsim khempeuh, na nuntakna khempeuh, leh na pilna khempeuh tawh na it ding hi, cihna ahi hi. Hih pen a masa pen, a lianpen thukham ahi hi. A nihna pen a masa mah tawh kibang a, nangma pumpi na it bangin na vengte na it in, cihna ahi hi. Hih thukham nihte tung panin thukham dang khempeuh leh kamsangte’ thuhilhna khempeuh a hong meengkhia ahi hi,” ci-in Matthai 22:37-40 sungah na ci het lo ding hi.

Illegal settlements policies zangin minam dangte leitang suksakna tawh teen'na ding va bawl pen LST tawh na kituak let lo hi cih kimu thei hi. "Leitang tungah amau guak a teng ding dong zahin mi dangte adingin mun khempeuh a bei matengin inn khat leh khat, lo khat leh khat gawmin a la thuah tawntung mite in gimna ngah ta hen," ci-in Isaiah 5:8na ah Pasian in na gen hi. Tua loin Thuciam Sawmte sungah, "Na vengte uh inn na deihgawh kei ding uh hi. "Na vengte uh zi hitaleh, ama nasempa hitaleh, ama nasemnu hitaleh, ama bawngtal hitaleh, ama la hitaleh, na vengte a’ ahi na khat peuhpeuh na deihgawh kei ding uh hi,” ci-in Paikhiatna 20: 17 sungah a gen Pasian hi.

Eima duhhopna, huaihamna leh gitlohna tangtun'sakna leh sepkhiatna dingin LST ei deihna mun teng bek eu khia in deihkaih ding hilo a, a mundangte zong i sim a, i tehkak ding kisam hi. Tua banah tu hun pen colonialism leh imperialism hun lai hi nawn lo hi. Na khempeuh in a hun nei ahih manin a hun tawh kituakin gamtat theih zong kisam leh poimawh hi.

@ Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs

UNO TUPNA LEH NGIMNA BULPI LEH A MAWHPUAKNA + KUM ZALOM 21 HUN IN COUP D'ÈTAT PAWL KHATTE

 

UNO TUPNA LEH NGIMNA BULPI LEH A MAWHPUAKNA + KUM ZALOM 21 HUN IN COUP D'ÈTAT PAWL KHATTE

Feb. 17: United Nations Organisations (UNO) pen suahtakna a ngah khit amau gamvai ah thuneihna khempeuh a nei gamte (sovereign states) gam sung vai (internal affairs) khempeuh ah a va kikausi phum den dingin leitung gam 193 members leh non-members nih kipawlna hi dihdih lo hi. Kilemna leh daihna pian'sak ding, natural disasters pian'na gamte ah dongtuakte huhna piak ding, tualgal leh gal kidona a daih theih lohna leh minam kisuansuahna dingin kilomthahna (genocide) a pian'na gamte ah a kisap leh UNSC resolution in a thukimpih leh peacekeeping force a kici UN galkapte sawl thei bek hi.

UNO tup leh ngim bulpi pen leitung bup ah kilemna/daihna leh bitna humbitna (preserve international peace and security) ding ngimna tawh a kiphuankhia international organizations hi a, tribal warlord bangin a ut bangbangin a phengtat leh a haitat buatbuat kipawlna (reckless and lawless organisation) hilo hi.

UNO' Chapter 6 of the Charter a cih thukham sungah UN Security Council (UNSC) tungtawn in gal buaina omna munte ah kilemhuai leh daihna a om theihna dingin thukimna a pian' theihna dingin tu khawmin kamkup khawmna (negotiation,) palai pangin kilemna ding (mediation) palai na va sem, a kiseh tuam mi pawl khatte in amau ngaihsut bangbanga a thukhenna (arbitration), leh thukham tawh kizui leh kituakin khensatna (judicial decisions) bawl ding cih bang a mawhpuakna tavuan hi.

UNSC ah members gam 15 omte lakah non-permanent members a kici gam 10 om a, kum nih ta bek a term uh a bei ciangin non-permanent members dingin members gamte kiteel/kikheel uh hi. Permanent members gam nga - US, Russia, China, UK, France om a, amau tengin veto power nei uh ahih manin leitung gal buaina leh kitelsiam lohna hangin thubuai omte UNSC ah resolution tawh thukimna a pian' theih khit ciang nangawn in amau veto power zangin na dal (blocked) thei mawk uh hi. Hih thu hangin leitung gam tuamtuamte ah buaina leh gal a om ciangin permanent members gamte kituah lohna leh veto power tawh UNSC resolutions kipassed khinsate a dal niloh manun sawtpipi kidiah thei den niloh a, amau gam i meetna leh hamphatna ngahna ding (national interests) zang ciat den uh ahih manin guptuam leh pauhtuam nei niloh uh hi. UN thanemna bulpi hih permanent members gam ngate veto power neih hang hi, ci le'ng kikhial lo ding hi.

KUM ZALOM 21 SUNGA MILITARY COUP D'ÈTAT PAWL KHATTE

2013 Egyptian coup d'état kici 3 July 2013 in Egyptian army chief General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi makaih coalition democratically-elected President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi a thuneihna panin na paikhia in Egyptian constitution of 2012 na phiat hi. Gen. al-Sisi in gambup ah lungphona piang vai-ah Morsi' government in lungphona neite tawh a kitheihsiamsak lohnate uh a vensakna dingin huncian (ultimatum) na pia a, tua khitin military makaih in President Morsi leh Muslim Brotherhood makaite ban mat in Chief Justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court Adly Mansour pen interim president of Egypt hi ci-in pulakin thuneihna taktak a man len hi.

Tua khit nungin Gen. al-Sisi gumte leh President Morsi gum lungphona piangin kinawktuahna ah ngongtatna lianpi piang hi. President Morsi deih lam lungphona neite hong hat zawk khit nung Gen. al-Sisi makaih galkapte ten Morsi gumte lungphona neih pro-Morsi sit-in protests neihna 14 August 2013 in ngongtatna zangin va betdaih leh hawlkhiat sawm uh a, police leh military forces in lungphona nei za tampi lomthah (massacre) uh hi. Tua kilomthahna ah Muslim Brotherhood members ten mi 2,600 kilomthah hi a cih hangin Human Rights Watch in mi 904 kithat a, tu nai diaka tangthu sunga lungphona neihna ah ni khat sungin mi tam a kithah pennate lak-a khat (one of the world's largest killings of demonstrators in a single day in recent history) leh crimes against humanity hi, ci-in mawhpaih hi.

Al-Sisi' government in bel tua ni-in mi 624 kithat hi ci hi. Ahih hangin hih ngongtatna leh aana zangin thuneihna lakna US government in coup d'ètat hi ci nuam lo zen a, Obama administration in al-Sisi' government gamtatna awi loin US leh Egypt bilateral relations kisiasak hi. Ahi zongin Trump in ama administration hun sungin al-Sisi kimuhpih in a pahtakna a gen banah relationship a ngeina bangsak kikin mi lomthahna makaipipa tungah thuman thutang tu dong vai kihawm leh thu kikhen loin Egyptian President len phiuphiau den lai hi.

Kum zalom 21 hun sungin military coup d'ètat lak panin Egyptian coup d'ètat leh 22 May 2014 ni-in Royal Thai Army commander General Prayut Chan-o-cha' makaih galkapte in 1932 khit Thailand gam-ah coup a 12 veina dingin Thai coup d'ètat makaih in tu dong thuneihna a lakna uh a nasia pen hi lai hi. Egypt leh Thailand gam-a coup vai democracy kam beembeem in a gupna uh a otpih US leh nitumna gamte in coup d'ètat hi, ci-in amau national interests khualna in mawhpaih nuam lo uh a, galvan zuak a khawlsan loh ban uh-ah military kizopna leh military bases a neihte uh a suplawh ding lau in action la ngam lo zen uh hi.

Tu dong General Prayut Chan-o-cha in May 22, 2014 khit nung Prime Minister of Thailand thuneihna len hi. Hih thu hangin Thai gam mite lungkim loin democracy deih in kiphinna leh lungphona lahna a neihnate uh-ah Hollywood sunga HUNGER GAMES movie sungah tyrant or authoritarian ukna deihloh lahna dingin khutzung thum zahtakna lahna lim (salute) a zat uh Kawlgam ah hong lawh suk a kilim zat mahmah ahi hi.

US governments or administrations - Democrats hi in Republicans president hileh Egypt leh Thailand ah military coup makai Gen. al-Sisi leh General Prayut Chan-o-cha' governments na phungvuh uh a, American national interests adingin coup tawh a thuneihna lakna kituak zaw ahih manin awlmawh sese lo uh hi.

Myanmar military in February 1 ni-in coup a bawl zong US in hong huh in hong gumkhia dingin na kilamet leh na khial lua ding hi. US leh nitumna gamte national interests hilo ahih manin hong awlmawh lua het lo ding hi. UN in galkap hong sawl ding, US in a galkapte hong sawl ding ci-in a gengen leh lai pheng khahkhiat nilohte international affairs thei lo, kan vet lo leh sin kha vet lo teng sungmang, upmawh, phuahtawm leh zuau bulomtang ahih manin na kikhemkhem sak nawn kei ta un.

Myanmar ah military junta ukcipna nang leh khangsawn ten a tuah nawn ding na deih kei leh Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) strategies zangin mipite lungphona tha pia in la, na va kihel ding na tavuan hi. Mi khut tawh gul mat sawm hun hilo hi. Military junta coup na langpan' zawhna zahzah in UN leh nitumna gamte in hong huh theihna ding uh leh junta regime tungah a nawhna leh actions lak theihna dingun lampi kihongsak thei bek ding hi.

Tua lo Trump' presidency hun sungin coup a kibawl sawm hangin a lawhsapna leh lawhcin'na dangte a pian'na gamte leh a hun hih bang hi a, US in sanctions a koih khumna actions a lakna gen ding om lo hi:

1. Libya coup d'état attempt: 2016–18 Libyan coup d'état attempt 14 October – Status: Present (Ongoing) - tu dong mah hanciam lailai uh hi.
2. Gambia coup d'état attempt: 9 December 2016 – 21 January 2017. *failed - lawhsam hi.
3. Zimbabwe coup d'état: 14 – 21, 2017 November *coup - lawhcing hi.
4. Equatorial Guinea coup d'état attempt: 27 – 28 December 2017 *failed - lawhsam hi.
5. Gabonese coup d'état attempt: 7 January 2019 *failed - lawhsam hi.
6. Sudanese coup d'état : 10 April 2019 *coup - lawhcing a, tu-in galkap uliante leh civilian makaite in power-sharing agreement nei-in transitional government a kici tawh thuneihna kitaang uh hi.
7. Ethiopian coup d'état attempt : 22 June 2019 *failed - lawhsam hi.
8. 2020 Malian coup d'état 18 – 19 August 2020 *coup - lawhcing hi.
9. US attempted coup d'état: January 6, 2021 *failed - Trump gumte in ama thapiakna in coup sawm in Capitol buluh in va suam uh a, mi nga si hi. Lawhsam dikdek hi.

Africa gamte ah coup d'etat a pian' ciangin parties nihte a lemtuah African Union (AU) hi zaw den a, UN va kikausi phum pah pialpual pahpah ngei lo a, galkap zong sawl loin ama pan theih leh democracy tawh kilaihna (transition) a om theih kikna dingin hanciam zaw hi. Tua mah bangin Southeast Asia gamte ah coup d'ètat a pian' ciangin Aug. 8, 1967 in Bangkok khuapi-ah Southeast Asia gam 10 kipawlin a phuankhiat uh Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) gam in patties nih kilem lote kilemna dingin palai nasem zaw a, UN hong kikausi phum masa pialpual ngei lo hi

Feb. 5 ni-in Malaysian Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin in Indonesia gam a zin lai-in Indonesian President Joko Widodo tawh meeting nei uh a, tua hun in Myanmar coup vai tawh kisai nasep leh panlak ding zia ASEAN gam foreign ministers tengin emergency meeting neih ding cih a sawm uh tu dong piang zo nai lo hi.

Myanmar coup d'ètat vai bang UNSC ah permanent members gamte kituah lohna hangin a press statement khahkhiatna uh-ah coup cih kammal zang lo uh a, a mawhpaihna uh kammal zong kihel loin civilian makaite a kikhahkhiatna mengna ding, democracy tawh ki-ukna mipite teelcing makaite khut sungah galkap ten a apkhiat kikna ding leh galkap ten human rights a zahtakna ding uh leh media freedom a zahtak ding uh ngetna leh nawhna kampau bek zang hi.

Public ah thu i post nop leh thu paizia lim takin kantel leh kancian masa lopi-in upmawh, phuahtawm, zuau bulomtang khilkhawm in niloh in ut bang teng gelh suk muatmuat gawpin ai san kidem nawn kei le'ng mipite luvai liangin kipei lung-am gawp lo zaw ding hi. Ei upmawh, phuahtawm leh lametna sunmang teng tawh UN leh US leh nitumna gamte ut bangbangin pei ziauziau theih ding hilo hi.

@ Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs reports

ZOMI SUNGAH A DAM THEI LO I PIAN'SAK TAWM VILAS NAM NIHTE

 

ZOMI SUNGAH A DAM THEI LO I PIAN'SAK TAWM VILAS NAM NIHTE

Zomite sungah Khristian i suah khit nungsang a kihtakhuai khia mahmah natna a piangsak lungno (virus) i bawltawm (artificially created) nam nih om a, tu dong hih virus a damsakna ding zatui kimukhia zo nai lo hi. Thungetna tawh a kimawk damsak zo lo virus hi.

Hih virus a thahna dingin Zomi sunga mipil misiamte leh Lai Siangtho sanginn panin buai a ngah masasa in zongzong napi-un tu ciang dong a mukhia zo om nai loin a virus tam behsak leh kibehlapsak semsem zawsop uh hi.

Tua natna lungno min pen "Pawlpi ahih kei leh kipawlna kipumkhat kimlai satkham in a thak phuankhiat" leh "zuau thu tawh nuntak noptuam zawkna ding ngahna ding thuman lopi-in zon'na (tua bek hunsa loin mi' pahtakna leh love gifts leh tha piak ding lunggulhna liuliau bek tawh thu kantel masa lopi leh telcian lopi-in upmawh, phuahtawm leh zuau bulomtang mutmut leh phitkhia-in genkhiat ziahziah phamawhsak vet lohna leh thuman lo hi cih thei napi-in pum gup ngamna) hi".

Hih virus nam nihte pen i kipumkhat ding hong dal, i cihna khahsuah kipatna bulpi, i khanmawhbawk uh leh i mainawt ding uh hong dongtangsak ahi Pu Zonamkhandal hi a, i mainawt ding hong dal lianpi thu nam tuamtuamte lak panin a bulpi nihnate hi. Hih thu nam nihte hangin i thupha ngahna ding a nak (source) keu semsem hi. Hih i pian'sak tawm virus i thah mateng i maban bing semsem leh vaisah semsem ding bang hi.

@Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs

COVID: W.H.O. EXPERTS TEN CHINA GAM-A LABORATORY PANIN A VIRUS A LEAKED THEIHNA DING AHI THEI VET LO THU HI CI

 

COVID: W.H.O. EXPERTS TEN CHINA GAM-A LABORATORY PANIN A VIRUS A LEAKED THEIHNA DING AHI THEI VET LO THU HI CI

Feb. 10: Covid-19 hong kipatkhiatna thukankhiatna nei-in a kuan misiam international experts kite in China gam-a laboratory panin a virus hong kipan hi, cih laboratory theory um loin beisakin tawpsak (dismissed) uh hi. World Health Organisation mission makaipi Peter Ben Embarek in Wuhan khuapi-a laboratory panin Covid-19 hong kipankhia hi cih thu thei ahi thei vet lo ding hi (extremely unlikely), ci hi.

WHO mission head Peter Ben Embarek in a virus hong kipatna bulpi (source or origin) a kitheihkhiatna dingin nasep beh ding kisam lai hi, ci-in gen beh hi. Hih bangin Peter Ben Embarek a gen pen WHO-China mission kipawlin Covid-19 virus hong kipatkhiatna bulpi thukankhiatna a neihna uh a thukhupna hi.

Wuhan khuapi pen China' central Hubei province hi a, Covid-19 virus official case masa pen a kimuhkhiatna khuapi hi. Tua khit nung a virus leitung gam tuamtuamte ah kizeel a, tu-in a natna ngah 106 million cases val a om banah a si 2.3 million val ta hi.

Dr. Embarek in joint WHO-China mission investigation panin information thak a kimuhkhia beh hangin a virus hong kizelhsawnna a lim kilamdangsak tuam lo hi, ci-in press conference ah gen hi. Experts ten a virus pen ganhingte (animals) tung panin hong kipan hi dingin ki-um a, ahi zongin koi danin mihing tungah hong kilawhsawn hiam cih theikhia zo nai lo uh hi.

Dr. Embarek in Covid-19 hong kipatna bulpi pen "natural reservior" ah baakte (bats) panin hong kipan hi cih a kitheihkhiatna dingin nasepna hi a, ahih hangin Wuhan khuapi panin a virus hong kipan masa hi cih hilo hi, ci hi. "Ganhingte lampi (animal pathway) vai tawh kisai nasepna ah kimainawt zom a, ahih hangin ganhing dang (intermediary species) tungtawnin mihingte tungah a virus kilawhsawn hi kha dingin ki-ummawh pen hi, ci hi.

Experts ten Wuhan khuapi-ah a virus official cases a kimuhkhiatna thu December 2019 in a kiciamteh ma-in Wuhan ah na om khin zo hi cih a lahna ding bangmah kimu lo hi, ci uh hi. Chinese Health Commission ah expert Liang Wannian in Wuhan khuapi sungah Covid-19 cases a kimukhiat ma-in regions dang ah om khin kha ding hi, ci hi.

Joint WHO-China mission expert team called "cold chain" transmission a kici transport leh frozen food trade panin mihing in a virus a ngahsawn khak hi dingin ki-ummawh ahih manin thukankhiatna kizom lai ding hi, ci uh hi. Beijing tawh a kha-a sim kihona a neih khit nungin January kha panin WHO mission visit hong kipan hi. Covid-19 virus hong kipatkhiatna bulpi a thukankhia experts ten China gamah investigating mission pan dingin a zinna uh Chinese thunei ten lim takin encik (closely-monitored) uh hi.

A GENHAK AHIH KEI LEH A BUAIHUAI NASEPNA (COMPLICATED TASK)

Analysis box by Michelle Roberts, health editor

Expert group pen politically-charged mission hilo uh a, China gam panin pandemic hong kipat kum khat khit nungin a virus hong kipatkhiatna bulpi khut tawh a kawk thei (able to pinpoint the source of the pandemic) misiam ahi uh hi. Ahih hangin Wuhan Institute of Virology a va phak khit nungun scientist ten a bawl tawm uh ahih kei leh Wuhan Institute of Virology laboratory keh (leaked) panin a virus hong kipan hi cih lanpan'na ahih kei leh kitotna ding a piangsak thu (controversial theory) a sin (lid) tawh khu-in sincip ta uh hi.

A virus hong kipatkhiatna mun a zon'nate uh lakah tu-in a minthang Huanan ah wet-market a kici nga, sa leh gamsa kizuakna sumbuk leh mihing tungah a virus a kilawhsawn case pawl khatte tawh kizopna nei zong va pha uh hi. Expert group team ten a virus pen ganghingte tung panin mihingte tungah tawm (jump) hi kha ding hi a cih hangun thuman hi cih a lahna ding nei nai lo uh hi.

A virus a pua hi kha dingte (possible carriers) lakah baakte leh saphute (bats and pangolins) hi a, ahi zongin thuman hi mah hi ci-in up zawhna ding teci (evidence or proof) kimu nai lo hi. A thukankhiatna dangte lakah a virus pen a kikhalsak an (imported frozen food) hi kha ding hiam cih upmawh thu tawh kisai a virus hong kipatna saben' bangin bengin thukankhiatna zom lai uh hi.

LABORATORY THEORY KICI BANG HIAM?

China' top virus research laboratory lak-a khat Wuhan Institute of Virology panin a virus hong kipankhia hi cih upmawh thu (speculation) pen nung kum in ex-US President Donald Trump in mi up theih dingin hong gen thang (propagated) gawpna panin hong kipan a, April 2020 pekin Wuhan Institute of Virology pen a virus hong kipatkhiatna bulpi ahihna teci (evidence) kinei a, a sawt loin hong kipholakkhia-in hong kilak pah ding hi, ci-in a kamciam hangin November 2020 election ah a guallelh voter fraud hang hi cih evidence ka nei hi ci napi-in lahkhiat ding a neih loh tawh kibang a, tu dong evidence lah ding bangmah nei lo hi.

April 2020 in US state department cables in zong Wuhan khuapi-a biosecurity panin a virus hong kipan hi cih US embassy officials ten lunghimawh uh hi, a cih hangin tu dong evidence lahkhiat ding bangmah nei lo uh hi. Tua hun in US national intelligence director office in Covid-19 virus pen mihing' bawltawm ahih kei leh gene a kibawlpha (man-made or genetically modified) hilo a, officials ten Wuhan laboratory panin kamsiatna hang ahih kei leh ganhingte tung panin a virus mihing in ngawhsawn hi kha hiam cih a virus hong kizelhsawnna thukankhiatna kinei hi, na ci uh a, mihing bawltawm leh genetically modefied hilo hi ci-in a kipsakna uh na gen khin zo hi.

Dr. Embarek in mission in Wuhan laboratory a va kiphak hun sungin a laboratory leaked hangin a virus hong kizeelsawn hi cih thu ahi thei ding thu hi vet lo hi, ci hi. Wuhan laboratory panin a virus hong kizeelsawn hi cih "laboratory theory" pen thukankhiatna a kineihna panin thuman hi cih teci kimukhia hilo (not in the hypotheses) a, studies bawl zomna ah ka hong lak tel ding uh hi, ci hi.

Source: BBC

@Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs reports

Photo: WHO mission head Dr. Peter Ben Embarek

"Covid: WHO says 'extremely unlikely' virus leaked from lab in China"

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55996728