MYANMAR POLITICS LEH POLITRICKS

 

MYANMAR POLITICS LEH POLITRICKS ETNA

1962 kum Burmese military-backed Union Revolutionary Council (URC) min tawh Ne Win in thuneihna buluak a, tu dong i Zogam gentak loh Chin State sungah Ph.D ciang sin theihna ding University khat beek a om loh banah college kician, sanginn leh zato inn hoih a om loh banah Chin State sung a tam zawte ah solar plate generate mei cih loh electricity supply ngah lo leh kattaya (bitumen) tawh a kiphah lo lampi tam zaw lai hi. Galkap ukcipna a suplawh mi dangte bek hi loin a ukna gam sunga teeng khempeuh ahi uh hi.

Prime Minister U Nu' thuneihna galkap ten March 2, 1962 ni-in suhsak uh ahih manin full military junta kipat ni suak hi. 1974 kum in Ne Win mah in a phuh khitsa BSPP (Burma Socialist Programme Party) min tawh galkap ten a kipawlna min uh URC panin BSPP min in kheel uh a, 1988 kum ciang dong - kum 26 sung vilvel Burma gam thaumuk zangin ukcip uh hi.

1962 coup khit November 1981 kum in Council of State president leh BSPP chairman panin a khawl hangin Ne Win in July 1988 dong thuneihna a let suak ngaungau galkapte lungkim zo nai loin September 18, 1988 in Gen. Saw Maung' makaihna tawh government ah thuneihna galkap hong buluak kik leuleu uh a, 1988 Uprisings kici sangnaupangte leh hiam tawi lo lungphona neite betdaihna dingin Martial Law hong koih uh a, a tul-a sim that uh a, a tul-a simte gamdang ah galtai leh thau tawi kumpi lehdo rebel groups ah ban lut uh hi.

Gen. Saw Muang' makaihna tawh galkap ten constitutional government phiat uh a, military body thak State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) kici phuankhia uh a, Saw Maung in SLORC chairman leh prime minister buplak khawm hi. SLORC in a nasep lianpen Burma cih Myanmar in laih, 1974 Constitution bawlphat (amendment), BSPP panin National Unity (NUP) ci-in a party min laih, May 1990 in Myanmar ah kum 30 adingin multiparty elections masa pen neihpih cih bang khawng hi. Kiteelna ah government’ National Unity Party (NUP) leh opposition coalition National League for Democracy (NLD) kituh a, NLD in gualzawhna lianpi ngahin tutna seh li suah seh thum kiim ngah napi-in Saw Muang' in thuneihna ap nuam lo hi.

SLORC in Union Assembly of Myanmar (legislature) phal loin upadi (Constitution) thak gelh dingin constituent assembly seh in na pan hi. Tua bek hi loin NLD makaite Ne Win' seppih lui leh general lui Tin U leh Aung San Suu Kyi galkap ten man uh a, July 1989 panin house arrest in khumcip hi. NLD makai dang Sein Win kici nitumna gamah taimang hi. 1995 dong house arrest nuai-ah Suu Kyi khumcip uh hi.

Galkap ten 1990s khit nung political leh economic ah a thuneihna uh kipsak leh zungthuk kha semsem in hamphatna khempeuh galkap uliante leh Kawlte bekin keupi tawh hawp gai khin uh a, a khateh neng kia teng bek khamtung mite in ngah zo bek hi. 1988-2000 kikal sung teng SLORC in galkapte ukna a lehdo khamtungmi thau tawite kikaptuahna khawlsanna dingin ceasefire agreement a hunkhop neihpih hi.

April 1992 in Saw Maung a cidamlohna hangin Gen. Than Swe in a zalaih a, SLORC chairman leh prime minister hong buplak kik leuleu hi. Galkap ten a ruling body uh a organisation structure uh hong phuahpha in 1997 kum in SLORC min State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) ci-in hong laih uh hi. Kipawlna min laih lamsang ah galkapte nasepna ciamteh tham bilbel hi.

Kum zalom 21 hun in SPDC in NLD vaulau (harassment) zom veve ahih manin US in SPDC in 1900 election results a zahtakna dingin vauna a bawl a thudon loh manin 1997 kum in US President (Democrat) Bill Clinton in Myanmar tungah economic sanctions koih khum a, EU gamte in zong sumbawlna leh kizopna khak hi. Feb.1, 2021 military coup a pian' theihna hang pen Trump in US president a let nawn loh khit Biden in a let man hi, Sente thuneihna a khan' man hi peuh ci-in upmawh phuahtawm leh zuau bulomtang gen leh khah online ah kitam mahmah leuleu ahih manin galkapte ukcipna nuai-ah education system hoih khamtung mite pia loin bumhai ding cih a ngian zat uh bum tuak teng hi zaw hi.

2020 in SPDC in a gukin kihona (secret talks) Suu Kyi tawh a neihna hangin gamvai hanga thongkiate (political prisoners) 200 kiim galkap ten khahkhia uh hi. Than Swe' zalaih dingin 2003 in Gen. Khin Nyunt in prime minister hong let a kipanin upadi thak bawl ding a kamciamna hangin democratic mainawtna piang ding lametna lianpi a om hangin nekguk takgukna hangin house arrest in kikhumcip pah ahih manin 2004 kum in ama za Gen. Soe Win in hong laih hi.

Kum sawm bang zah hiam sung galkapte ukcipna tawh amah leh amah kituamkoih/daangkoihna (self-imposed isolation) leh international thudon lohna (neglect) hangin Myanmar a om khit nungin Asia ah strategic leh economic ah a panmun a khahsuah banah leitunga gam zawng pente lakah hong kihel hi. Ahih hangin million khat val Myanmar ah Sente peem (migration) khit nung uh leh Chinese government in SLORC leh SPDC military vanzat leh infrastructure development ah a huhna hangin tu dong Sente khut nuai-ah Kawl galkap kumpi a awkcip suak hi.

US President (Republican) George W. Bush' hun 2003 kum in Kawl galkap ten Suu Kyi house arrest nuai-ah a koihkik manin US leh EU in a sanctions khauhsak beh leuleu hi. September 2007 in monastic community makaihna tawh phungyi makaih lungphona lianpi hong piang a, galkap thahatna tawh a betdaih khit nungun leitung bup mawhpaihna panin kiseelna dingin National Convention in constitution a draft 2008 kum bulin May kha bulin ciangin mipi a tam zawte deihna lakna tawh thukimna (public referendum) neih dingin luikhia hi. Ahih hangin Nargis Cyclone in May 3–4 in Kawlgam nuai gawpin mi 138,000 kiim si ahih manin public referendum taktak piang thei lopi-in May kha bei kuan 2008 in constitution thak kinamkip (ratified) ziau ahih manin international observers mite gensiatna lianpi tuak hi.

Ahih hangin 2008 Constitution pen galkap ten legislature (parliament) ah tutna 25% reservations a neih ding, May 2010 election ah gamdangmi pasal leh ta a neih manin Suu Kyi in president a let theih lohna ding leh a house arrest thukhun palsat ci-in mawhpaih in kha 18 a hun behlapsak ding ngimna hi leltak hi. Kilaihna hun (transition period) tomkha sung om a, 2007 kum panin prime minister a len General pension Thein Sein January 7, 2011 in legislature in president dingin teelcing a, Than Swe in state leh government ah panmun a let khawlsanin SPDC a phiat manin March 30, 2011 panin civilian government a makaih Thein Sein in agenda lianpi - political leh social reforms, press restrictions omte khahkol leh lungphona nei thongkia a tul-a simte khahkhia, Suu Kyi' tungah government-imposed restrictions kikoih a khahkol banah January 2012 in Shan rebel leh Kachin rebel groups tawh ceasefire thukimna suaikaihna piangsak thei ahih manin khantohna ciamteh tham piangsak tuam hi.

December 2012 in NLD in official party in kiciamtehna kipia ahih manin April 1, 2012 by-election tutna 45 kituhna ah Suu Kyi' makaih NLD in 43 ngah pah hi. Tua khitin Suu Kyi leh Thein Sein in 2011 in Secretary of State Hillary Clinton hong zin a kimuhpih khit leh November 19, 2012 in US President Obama in a teen'na ah Suu Kyi a kimuhpih khitin US leh EU in Myanmar tungah sanctions a koih pawl khatte lakkhiatsak uh hi. Tua banah economic reforms tuamtuam bawlphatna hangin kyat sum 2012 kipat cil panin global market ah hong khan' man leh nationwide cease-fire kici gambup ah kikaptuahna khawlsanna ding October 2015 in thukimna suaikai group pawl khatte in 21st Century Panglong peace conference August 2016 panin a neih uh (Tu dong a kizomzom lai) manin tourism lamah zong sum muhna lut beh ahih manin khantohna lianpi piangsak tuam hi.

U Nu in Prime Minister a let sung leh Thein Sein leh Suu Kyi in civilian government a makaih sungin Kawlgam sungah khantohna a piang banah democracy paizia mainawt zaw thei leh nak thei zaw deuh tuam ah manin kilamdan'na tampi a om muh theihte: gamdang ah pasita leh Sia nengnengte hon khat leeng zialzial thei, Kawlgam ah gamdangte hong hawh zialzial thei, gamdangte' vanzat internet system a kipan technological improvement tampi kimuh behin, kizang ziahziah dinmun hong tung zaw ngawngaw sam hi. Ahih hangin internet pen cimphawngna ding leh Feihsibook suk thai to thaina ding leh lim posts nading bekin i zat leh khantohna sangin i sum leh hun hong nektumsak bek suak ding hi.

Galkapte ukcipna gam khempeuh pen leitung gam khempeuh ah khantoh gim nam lo a, a galkap nengnengte nangawn a gim a tawl beh zawk ban uh-ah hamphatna ngah beek loin hamphatna teng a keupi in galkapmang teng in bupluah in hawp mang khin uh ahih manin a sangna lam sangin a niamna lam kum sukna zaw hamtang hi. February 1, 2021 in election ah gualzawhna thuman sang nuam loin voter fraud huih bung mut leh paulap bawlin thuneihna a bup lak galkapte in thuneihna a lak khit nungin Kawlte thuneihna kituhna en hithiat lel ding, ngak hithiat lel ding cih na cih a, daih khikhe in na lel en ning na ci ngam lai ding hiam?

Democratic election ah mipite nolh khitsa leh a guallel dikdek khinsa thuneihna khahsuah nuam loin a len tentan nuam den Myanmar bek hi loin America gam dongah vompi halung vei bangin a kitomtom gam it kineihkhem, national security humbit ding, Union kipumkhatna humbit ding cih paulap daldal pawlte na pum gup ngam lai leh na tu leh tate, khang sawnte bek hi loin history in hong mawhsak den a, thu hong khen ding lamtak mangngilh kei in. Kiteelna ah a guallelh paulap in Martial Law zatna tawh thuneihna khahsuah lohna ding geelna tawh a phengtatte leh tua bang mite tha a pia ngam veve laite khangsawnte leh history in thu hong khen ding hi.

Hih bang hun in Haman in gitlohna tawh Judah mite a suksiat sawm lai takin Mordekai in Esther a dawnkikna thu Hathak a puasakkik in, “Kumpi inn sungah na omna hangin Jew mi khempeuh lak panin nang a suakta tuan dingin kingaihsun kei in. Hih bang hunin bangmah hih loin na omcip leh, Jew mite’ suahtakna ding leh noptuamna ding thu mundang khat pan hong piang veve ding a, nangmah leh na innkuanpihte na si mang ding uh hi. Hih kumpi inn na tunna pen hih bang huna mah dinga a tung na hih mel zong kua in thei ahi hiam?” ci-in a Esther 4:13-14 ah a genna lungngaih kik huai mahmah hi.

 Thang Khan Lian

MYANMAR MILITARY IN THUNEIHNA LA, DE-FACTO LEADER AUNG SAN SUU KYI KIKHUMCIP

 

MYANMAR MILITARY IN THUNEIHNA LA, DE-FACTO LEADER AUNG SAN SUU KYI KIKHUMCIP

Feb. 1, 2021: Myanmar galkap ten tu zingsang in civilian makai Aung san Suu Kyi leh politicians dangte vakkhia thei lo dingin a khumcip (detained) khit nungun gam sung thuneihna amau khut sungah la uh hi. Military TV in state of emergency kum khat sung kipulakin kikoih a, thuneihna kila hi, ci-in tangko khia hi. Hih bangin galkap ten thuneihna a lakna (coup d'etat ) uh pen November 2020 election ah galkap ten vote kigukna ahih kei leh a man loin vote khiatna (voting irregularities or voter fraud) om hi ci-in ngawhna a bawl khit nung uh civilian government eh galkapte kikal ah kitelsiamlohna a pian' khit nunga thupiang ahi hi.

Myanmar (Burma zong ci-in a kithei) gam pen 2011 kum in democratic reform a kipat ma-in galkapte ukna nuai-ah kum 64 na ukcip hi. Monday in Myanmar military (Tatmadaw) in, "Election fraud hangin thuneihna commander-in-chief Min Aung Hlaing tungah kipiakhia hi," ci-in gen hi. Nay Pyi Taw leh Yangon khuapi-a kongzingte ah galkapte dim phengphang uh hi. November' election in Daw Suu Kyi' National League for Democracy (NLD) in government thak bawl zawhna dingin 83% seats na ngah uh hi.

MYANMAR COUP HANGIN KUA IN BANG GEN?

US in coup a mawhpaihna thu pulak a, Washington in "Nov. elections results laih ding sawmna ahih kei leh democratic transition (kikheelna) dalna ding sawmna khatpeuh kilangpang hi," ci hi. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken in government uliante leh civil society makai kiman khempeuh a kikhahkhiatna dingin ngen a, US in Burma in democracy, suahtakna (freedom), kilemna (peace) leh khantohna (development) a sepnopna (aspiration) ah kidin'pih hi. Military in hih bangin a gamtatnate manlang takin lehngatin a lumlet (reverse) ding hi, ci hi.

Australia Foreign Affairs Minister Marise Payne in, "Military in rule of a zahtakna dingin kingen a, buaina omte thukham tawh kituak lawful mechanisms a zatna ding leh civilian makaite leh mi dang a matte manlang takin a khahna dingin kingen hi," ci hi.

'A LAUHUAI AHIH KEI LEH LAMPI (PERILOUS PATH) AH MYANMAR'

Analysis box by Jonathan Head, BBC News

Hih thupiang pen official hi a, Myanmar gam-a armed forces in in 1962 khit nungin civilian government thuneihna thakhat thu-in a laksakna (coup d'etat) masa pen a kipsakna thu gen hi. Hih bang coup de'tat pen Myanmar constition kizahtak ding hi ci-in Kiginni in galkap ten a kamciamna uh zahtak loin a palsatna uh hi.

Military leh government kikal-a kitelsiamlohna hangin galmuang lopi-in omna (tension) hangin haksatna a pian'sakte kilim theih khit zo hi. November election ah military-backed party USDP performance sia mahmah a, ahih hangin NLD in 2015 election sangin hih hoih zaw hi. Hih bang hun in coup a pian' pen a hilhcian ding baih mahmah hi. Tu kal pen election khit nung parliament session kipat kik hun hita ahih manin government thak ding thukimpihna piakna ding hun hi. Ahi zongin tua bang piang nawn lo ding hi.

Military in game plan sawt zaw a neihte teh ding haksa hi. A geelna uh-ah kum khat sung gam a uk theihna dingun thuneihna kipiatawm uh masa phot uh hi. Covid-19 pandemic lauhuai hun awlmawh lo liangin 70% vote khia Aung San Suu Kyi' adingin a tam zaw vote a pia mipite in hih coup hangin thangpai-in hong kitom pelmawh ding uh hi.

A thukhel leh genkhak in a minthang (famously stubborn a lutang ah thau a kingim hangin gallkapte mai-ah a kun nuam lo Suu Kyi in kithuahpih (co-operate) nuam lo ding hi. Suu Kyi kipawlpih President Win Myint bekin state of emergency pulak theihna dingin constitution ah thuneihna nei omsun zong amah tawh kimanin kikhumcip (deained) khawm hi. Tu lian dinmun in military gamtatna pen phengtatna ahih manin a lauhuai lampi ah Myanmar koih hi.

A MUN-A THUPIANG (GROUND SITUATION) BANG?

Mobile internet data connections leh khuapi gol pawl khatte sunga phone services mun ah zong nawngkaina piangin kingah lo a, state broadcaster MRTV in zong technical issues ka nei uh hi ci-in khah thei nawn lo uh hi. Nay Pyi Taw khuapi-a communication zong a nawngkaina tam ahih manin line ngah ding haksa hi.

Myanmar gam-a khuapi golpen leh state capital lui Yangon ah zong phone lines leh internet connectivity a ciangtanh (limited) bek kingah ahih manin service providers tampi in a services uh sattat uh hi. BBC World News television leh international broadcasters dangte kikhaksak a, local stations-te zong kikhak ta hi. Hong tung ding nite ah haksatna lianpi piang ding hi ci-in Yongon khuapi-a ATMs omte ah mi kigual deudau uh hi. Banks leh financial services khempeuh zong tawlkhat sung kikhak (temporarily halted) khin ta hi, ci-in Bankers Association in gen hi.

NOVEMBER ELECTIONS AH BANG PIANG?

Nov. 8 general elections ah NLD party in tutna om 100 lakah 83% ngah uh ahih manin mi tampi in suu Kyi' civilian referrendum (mipi a tam zawtte deihna) hi, ci-in ngaihsun uh hi. 2011 kum in military junta tawh ki-ukna a bei khit nungsang 2020 elections pen elections nihna hi pan hi.

US presidential elections ah a guallel dikdek ten mipite thukhenna a sang nuam loh mah bangun Myanmar military in election results sang nuam loin voter fraud om hi ci-in ngawhna bawl a, Myanmar president leh election commission chairman Supreme Court ah a heekna uh khia (filing complaints) uh hi. Galkap ten nung kal in voter fraud om hi ci-in ka complaints bawlna uh hong kithusimsak kei leh actions kila ding hi, ci-in vauna a bawl hangun election commission in voter fraud om hi, ci-in a ngawhna uh nial hi.

AUNG SAN SUU KYI KUA HIAM?

Aung San Suu Kyi pen Myanmar' independence hero bangin a kingaihsun leh 1948 kum in British colonial rule panin Myanmar in suahtakna a ngah ma deuhin a kisuam lum General Aung San' tanu hi. Suu Kyi pen human rights a tangkopih minnei mahmahte lak-a khat hi, 1991 kum in house arrest in a kikhumcip lai takin Nobel Peace Prize a ngah thuneihna ahih kei leh vangliatna a nei lote adingin vanliatna/thuneihna gentehna hoih hi, ci-in kiphat hi. 1989 panin 2010 kikal sung house arrest nuai-ah galkap ten na khumcip uh hi.

Kum 25 adingin Myanmar gam-ah open in election kituhnna masa pen November 2015 in National League for Democracy (NLD) na makaih a, guualzawhna lianpi na ngahpih hi. Ahih hangin Myanmar 2008 in Constitution nuai-ah gamdang mi tawh ta nei ahih constitution in president a let ding na kham in phal lo hi. Ahi zongin kum 75 mi Aung San Suu Kyi in a a man in a man kei zongin makai (de facto leader) hi ci-in mi a tam zawte in mu-in ngaihsun uh hi.

Leitung bupah human rights a gupna hangin minthang vangvang napi-in Myanmar gam-a Muslim Rohingya minority mite ama makaihna nuai-ah 2017 military operation bawlna ah bawlsiatna lianpi a thuakna hangun leitung bupah a minphatna ngahsa teng mindaina in liah khin dektak hi.

2017 August in Rakhine state sunga police stations a kisuamna khit nungin Myanmar military in Rohingya rebels group ARSA kicite hi ci-in a betdaihna dingin Rakhine state ah military campaigns a bawlna hangun Bangalesh gamah Rohingya mite 750,000 kiim galtai uh hi. Suu Kyi' international supporters luite in Suu Kyi in Rakhine state ah Rohingya numeite kibuanna, kithahna leh a minam uh siansuahna (genocide) dingin galkapte gamtatna khamna dingin bangmah ahih loh banah galkapte ngongtatna a mawhpaih nuam loh banah nngongtat mah uh hi ci-in mawhpaih nuam lo hi, ci-in ngawh uh a, pawl khatte in a Nobel Peace Prize a kilak kik sakna dingin campaign nangawn pan liang uh hi.

Tua bang hi napi-in Myanmar gamah Suu Kyi pen "The Lady" kici veve in a diakn Rohingya mite tungah hehpihna leh lainatna tawmkha bek a nei Buddhist majority lakah a min thang vangvang lai hi. Galkap ten kum khat sung state of emergency pulakin thuneihna a lak hun sungun US presidential elections ah 7 million votes tawh a guallel dikdek mipa in a thuneihna a khahsuah lohna dingin Martial Law or state of emergency a pulak ding a deih khempeuh in refugee or asylum siauh theihna ding thupha hi, mah cihcih phot kul leh kilawm hi.

References: BBC

@Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs reports

MYANMAR MILITARY IN A THUNEIHNA A LAKKIKNA TIMELINE

 

MYANMAR MILITARY IN A THUNEIHNA A LAKKIKNA TIMELINE

• Nov. 9, 2010: Myanmar military (Tatmadaw) nung sawn Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) a kici a min a khiatna ngaih mahmah napi-in hamphatna om khempeuh keupi tawh a hawp gai nuam party in kiteelna ah gualzawhna lianpi hong ngah uh hi. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi' National League for Democracy (NLD) in election kumpi in suaktakna in thupi tak-a zang ding a cih pen mipite in deek, zatpih lo dingin na kham (boycotted) uh ahih manin USDP in gualzawhna lianpi a ngah hi bek hi.
• Nov. 13, 2009: USDP in kiteelna ah gualzawhna lianpi a ngah khit nungin democracy tawh ki-ukna tawh gam ki-ukna a pian' theihna dingin campaign a bawlna hangin kum sagih sung piikpeek a inn ah a khumcih (house arrest) uh Aung San Suu Kyi khahkhia ngawngaw uh hi.
• Nov. 8, 2015: General election Military junta tawh Kawlgam kum 49 piikpeek ki-ukna a bei 1990 khit nungin open election masa penna ah NLD in gualzawhna lianpi ngah uh a, ahi zongin 2008 Myanmar Constitution tawh kituakin galkap ten parliament ah tutna 25% reservations a neih manun a nuam het lo thukimna tawh thuneihna kitaan'na "uneasy power-sharing agreement" a kici nuai-ah panmun limci Interior, Defence leh Border Affairs ministries thum galkap ten len uh hi. 2008 Constitution in gamdangmi pasal nei-in ta nei ci-in Aung San Suu Kyi in president a let ding kham ahih manin a man in man kei zongin gam makai (de facto) leader in Aung San Suu Kyi in State Counsellor of Myanmar panmun len veve hi.
• Nov.8, 2020: Junta ukna a bei khit General Elections a nih vei kiteelpina ah parliament dawl nuainung leh tungnung ah tutna 476 omte lak panin tutna 396 (83%) tak hong ngah uh ciangin Tatmadaw in US presidential elections 2020 ah a guallel dikdek pawlin vote kigukna (voter fraud) om hi a cih uh ngian zangin NLD a lelh dikdekna uh tang ngawhin paulap zong uh hi.
• Jan. 26, 2021: Tatmadaw in voter fraud om hi ci-in teci (evidence) kician lah ding nei lopi-in a ngawhna uh thukankhiatna (investigation) a kipatna dingin a nawhna uh khauh takin bawl hong kisaan uh a, amau' nawhna bangin investigation a kipat kei leh military coup bawl dingin vauna bawl uh hi.
• Jan. 30, 2021: Tatmadaw in coup bawl dingin a vauna vauna a bawlna uh hilhcianna pia a, 2008 Constitution kizahtakin kilenkip ding hi, cih ngian tawh coup bawl theihna ding thuneihna a neihna uh hem genin hilhcianna bawl uh hi.
• Feb. 1, 2021: Phalvak kuanin Tatmadaw ten State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi leh president Win Myint kihelin NLD makaite ban mat uh hi.
• Feb.1, 2021: 10:30 am in Tatmadaw in kum khat sung state of emergency a koihna uh leh Myanmar army commander-in-chief senior General Min Aung Hliang tungah thuneihna a apna thu (gamvai kilaih kik mateng gam uk makaipipa ahihna) state-woned military TV panin tangkokhia uh a, tua khit nungin civilian makai 24 paikhia in a zalaih ding 11 min pulak uh hi.

Tatmadaw in a thuneihna lakna thu a paulap zatna dingin a bulphuh 2008 constitution sunga sections nihte:

1. 2008 Constitution section 217 nuai-ah, "Union or gam kipumkhatna ahih kei leh thuneihna khempeuh a neihna (sovereignty) khahsuahna dingin Union' sovereignty thuneihna tawh lakna dingin kumpi lehdona (insurgency), ngongtatna (violence) ahih kei leh a man lopi-in aana zatna (wrongful forcible means) a om leh President in National Defence leh Security Council tawh kipawlin kihona a neih khit ciangin state of emergency pulakin koih thei ding hi cih leh section 418 nuai-ah President in legislative, executive leh judiciary thuneihna Commander-in-chief tungah apkhia in Union gam kipumkhatna dingin thuneihna pia ding hi, ci-in 2020 elections ah votes 10 millions kiim a man loin kikhia ahih kei leh kigu hi cih a ngawhna uh paulapna dingin thuneihna thakhat thu in la ziau uh hi.
2. 2008 Constitution section 418 nuai-ah Predident in legislative, executive leh judiciary thuneihna Commander-in-chief tungah apkhia in Union gam kipumkhatna dingin thuneihna pia ding hi, ci-in 2020 elections ah votes 10 millions kiim a man loin kikhia ahih kei leh kigu hi cih a ngawhna uh paulapna dingin thuneihna thakhat thu in la uh hi.

@Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs reports