UNITED STATES OF AMERICA GAM TANGTHU TOM KIM IN ET PAKNA LEH SUUTNA
A TUNG MASA LEH TENG MASATE KUA?
America gam pen Italy mi, Genoa a piang Christopher Columbus in America gam a muhkhiat (discovered) kum pen kum zalom 15 hun 1492 kum hi pan bek a, 2020 tawh sim khawm leng Europeans mite America gam a tunna uh kum 528 cing pan hi. "British colonization of the Americas" a kicih hun pen Kingdom of England leh Kingdom of Scotland in America gam amau thuneihna leh ukna nuai-ah a koih hun uh - settlements leh colonies kici teen'na ding a sat hun uh genna history hi a, kum zalom 17 panin North America ah gamkeek in ukkhum (colonization) hong kipan uh hi.
England kumpi King James I hun panin Plymouth Company leh London Company in America ah permanent settlement bawl ding hong kipan pan uh a, 1607 in James Town, Chesapeake Bay ah English permanent settlement sat masa uh a, a nihna dingin 1620 in Plymouth ah, a thumna dingin 1630 in Massachusetts Bay, tua khit nungin Virginia, Massachusetts cih bangin a ban a banin North America ah teen'na mun ding a ban a banin hong sat uh hi.
Kum 150 sungin British ten colonies 13 Atlantic coast ah: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, ah Georgia tualsuak mi Native Americans mite lomthahna tawh hong gamkeekin colonies 13 hong phuankhia uh hi.
NATIVE AMERICAN GENOCIDE; CHRISTIAN RELIGION BULPHUH A KISAT MAW?:
North leh South Americas gam-ah leitung history adingin GENOCIDE nasia pen American Holocaust ah Native Americans 100 million bang na kilomthah a, kum 246 sung piikpeek ganhing bangin sila dingin mihing (mivomte a tam zaw) na zang uh ahih manin America gam Lai Siangtho bulphuh a kiphuankhia hi cih lanlan pen dik khin lo ding bang a, history deihkaihna tawh kibang zawsop hi. 2010 Census in America gam-ah milip tam pen dinga kilawm Native American leh Alaska Native minam khat (one race) 2,932,248 om hi ci-in kiciamteh in kikhum (registered) a, combination with one or more of the other races lists kici sungah mi 2,288,331 pha hi ci ahih manin a milip kigawmin 5,220,579 (1.6% of the total U.S. population) bek pha zo likliak bek ta uh hi.
America gam LST bulphuh in kisat hi a kicih ding a man khit lohna hang bang hiam cih leh American Founding Fathers lak panin American Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson tawh a gelhkhawm John Adams in 1798 kum in Treaty of Tripoli ah, "The government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian religion," hi a cih man mahmah a, America gam pen Christian biakna bulphuhin kiphuankhia ahih lohna 1797 panin 1801 kikal American President nihna len John Adams mahmah in a kam tawh na gentel khin zo hi.
Tu hun in Christian religion tawh America gam kiphuankhia hi ci-a awngawng a, Obama in America gam Christian gam ahihna beisak ci-in a mot cihsuk ziau ding pen American history kan lo leh thei lopi-in thu deihkaih, history man lopi gengenna tawh kibang ta hi.
A TUNG MASATE LEH PURITANS KICITE HONG TUNNA:
America gam Columbus in 1492 kum in a va muhkhiat khit nungin Spanish, French leh English gamkeekte (colonialists) cihte damdam in lut hong kipan uh a, American Holocaust ah Native Americans minamte siansuahna dingin mihing tangthu sungah genocide nasia pen 100 million kiim that uh hi. England panin biakna pia dinga khuazin mite (pilgrims) 1620 in America gam-ah hong lut uh a, Plymouth Colony ah hong teng uh hi. 1630 kum in England gam panin RC biakna a ultungsak Church of England doctrine a ultungsak kumpite ukna thukimpih loin amau biakna mah a zui nuam Puritans kicite teembaw tawh America gam-ah 1640 in hong lutin Massachusetts Bay Colony ah teng uh hi. Puritans kicite pen mun khatah a lom teen' mite (larger group of settlers) hi uh a, mihau vive pian ahi uh hi.
Hih Pilgrims leh Puritans kicite pen settler group nam nih America gam-a hong lutte hi uh a, England gam-a Roman Catholic biakna doctrine bulphuh Church of England zui England kumpi in biakna leh politics a gawmkhawmna a khen nuam (wanted to separate from the Church) mite leh biakna pawlpi puahphat leh siansuah (reform and purify) ding deihte ahi uh hi. I gensa bangin Pilgrims kicite America ah 1620 ah hong lutin Plymouth Colony ah teng uh a, 1630 kum in Puritans kicite America gam-ah lutin Massachusetts Bay Colony ah teng uh hi. Puritans kicite pen Calvinist Protestants doctrine zui pawl hi uh a, "precisionists" a kicih hun zong om a, biakna leh politics kikhenna (secularism) deih pawl hi uh hi.
England Kumpi King Henry VIII in in pope thuneihna (papal authority) nialin Church of Rome biakna pawlpi state Church of England in a laih hangin Puritans ten Church of England in RC pawlpi pawite leh biakpiakna ngeinate (liturgy) lim zuih lua hi ci-in deih loin 1530s panin Puritans Movement hong phuankhia uh hi. Puritans (tu hunin Pilgrims zong a kicite) King James I (1603–1625) in a uk hun lai 1620 in Blackwell or Thames Lui panin mi May Flower kici teembaw ah passenger 102 leh crew 30 kiim dinga ki-upmawh tuangin New World (America) gam manawhin Plymouth Colony phuankhiate hi uh a, a teembaw uh a dinkhiat ma-in Mayflower Compact kici thukimna suaikai uh hi. Tua khit nung May Flower a nihna Plymouth, Massachusetts cihte ah bang zah vei hiam London panin kivialleh in leitung thak a cih uh America (New World) ah tampi lut beh uh hi.
Historians pawl khatte genna ah, Puritans kicite pen Church of England pawlpi' biakna leh politics a gawmkhawm England kumpi' bawlsiatna thuaklah community member tengin noptuamna (welfare) pian'sakna dingin panla khawmin democracy kipatcilna bawlte hi ci uh hi. Amau i deihna bangin Thomas Jefferson in January 1, 1802 in Danbury Baptist Association, Connecticut pawlpi mite tungah a laikhakna ah a gelh bulphuhin First Amendment to the US Constitution states ah, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," ci-in Congress in biakna zahtakna pansanin thukham bawl thei lo ding hi cih First American of the Constitution ah kituangsak hi.
1640s kiim-in Puritans colonists mi 10,000 kiim America ah tung ta uh ahih manin mun tuamtuam ah gamkeek hong kipan uh Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island leh Maine cihte ah gamkeekin hong kizeel uh hi. 1629 panin 1643 kikal in New England (America) ah Puritans 21,000 kiim pha uh hi. New England gam-ah a hon in a lom peemna/paikhiatna Great Migration kici tawh Puritans innkuan Massachusetts ah 1630 - 1640 kikal sungin pasal, numei leh naupang teembaw ah tuangin lut uh hi.
America gam-ah Puritans mite lutna pen Lai Siangtho sunga Paikhiatna (Exodus) bangin a khualzinna uh tawh na kigenteh hi. Puritans mite in Christian utopia ngaihsutna thak leh siangtho bawl dingin Pasian' teelte (chosen by God) hi ung cih upna nei uh hi. Puritans makaipi John Winthrop in a thuhilhna minthang (famous sermon) khatah Puritans mite in Mual Tunga Khuapi 'City Upon a Hill' kici New World ah perfect Christian colony kisatin kibawl ding a, colonies dangte in ettehhuaisa-in hong etteh ding uh hi na ci hi.
SLAVERY SYSTEM:
New World tung cilte pen gamkeek colonialists leh Calvinist Protestants doctrine zui Puritans mite hi napi-in America gam-ah sila a kineihna (slavery system) pen 1619 panin panin 1885 dong na zang uh a, tualgal American Civil War kici 12 Apr 1861 – 9 Apr 1865 kikal sungin sila deih leh sila deih lote Confederate leh Abolitionist (Union lamte) kicite kidona nasia tak hong piang hi.
Sila a kineihna phiatmang ding a deih Union kicite Commander-in-chief Abraham Lincoln gum lamte galkap 2,200,000 pha uh a, kidona ah a si leh liam 110,000+, natna/accident hangin a si 230,000+, Confederate thonginn ah a si 25,000–30,000 teng tawh gawmkhawmin mi 365,000+ na si uh hi. A liam 282,000+ om a, galmatin a kiman mi 181,193 om ahih manina kigawmin a si, a liam leh a mang 828,000+ bang pha uh hi. Tualthahna leh ngongtatna vive tawh America tangthu kipan hi.
Sila kep leh neih ding a deih pawl - Confederate States kicite Commander-in-chief Jefferson Davis gum lamte galkap 750,000–1,000,000 kikal pha uh a, a si/liam 94,000+, Union thonginn a si 26,000–31,000 kikal pha ahih manin a si 290,000+ pha hi. Gal kidona ah a liam 137,000+, galmat in a kiman 436,658 pha a, a si, a liam leh a mang kigawmin 864,000+ pha hi. Kidona ah Union lamte gualzo napi Confederate States lamte tawh teh in tul sawm thum leh li val deuh bek ahih manin gal kidona a gualzote suplawh mahmah hi cih kimu hi. Slavery system 1885 in kiphiatmang napi-in, a kiphiat ma leh phiat khit nungin US presidents sila kem leh nei veve a hunkhop na om uh a, a tam zawte Republicans presidents ahi uh hi. Tua ahih manin slavery system a deih lo Republican party hi ci-in gengen pen man khin lo bang hi.
America gam-ah sila dingin mi 600,000 bang kipualutte lakah 12 million (5%) Africa gam panin kimanin teembaw tungin kipua-in kizuak hi. Sila 600,000 kipualutte lak panin US in suahtakna a ngah ma kum 1776 in Thirteen Colonies sungah sila 310,000 na kipualut a, tua lak panin 40% Carribbean panin direct in kipualut hi. Sila a kimkhat bang US in England panin suahtakna a ngah khit nunga kipua lut cihna hi. America gam pen Asia gam panin Beringia tawnin (via) Native Americans (Indigenous Americans or American Indians or Red Indians) mite a beisa kum 15,000 hun lai pek panin na tung khinzo in America na sat uh hi. America gam nei taktak leh tualsuak mite pen Native Americans or Red Indians mite hi zaw uh hi.
SUAHTAKNA DINGIN GAL DONA LEH KUMPI A BEINA:
America gam-a teng mite kumpi thuneihna tawh ki-ukna (anarchy) deih loin American Revolutionary War or American War on Independence kici 1775–1783 dong British Colonial Empire na do uh uh hi. American War of Independence kipat cilin English mi 2.7 million kiim bang pha ta uh hi. England kumpi tung panin suahtakna ngahna dingin England kumpi (king) George III hun panin kum giat sung France leh Spain i huhna tawh hong lehdo uh uh hi. American War on Independence kici 1775–1783 hun sungin gal dona ah Americans 6,800 kiim a sih banah 20,000 kiim galmat in kiman hi. Tua banah gal kidona a galmat tuak (prisoner of war) 8,000–12,000 kikal site lakah natna (diseases) hangin si uh hi.
July 4, 1776 England kumpi George III' ukna khut sung panin Americans ten suahtakna a ngah khit nungun a gam makai (president) dingun George Washington cing a, tua khit nung cikmah hun in kumpi nei ngei lo uh hi. USA gam in kumpi (king) a neih loh zawh kum 224+ bang val ta a, American kumpipa in ama thuthu in a gamtat theihna dingin thuneihna (power) nei hi cih ngaihsutna pen a man lo ngaihsutna hi. President pen vaihawmna lam executive body ah a lutang hi zaw bek hi.
America democratic system pen independent power body a nei ciat - executive (ruling party a vai pua administration lente), legislative (House nihte ah thukham bawlte (congressmen leh senators) leh judiciary (district, federal leh Supreme Court judges lente) in kikhen hi. Hih banga thuneihna kikhenna pen systems of balance and checks ci uh hi. Social media ah ei Zomite in hih bangin thuneihna a kikhenzia a telcian zo nai lo kitam mahmah hi. Gentehna dingin thu nawngkaihuai mahmah abortion, same-sex marriage phalna, immigration system vai leh sanginn ah thungetna a kikhamna thute cih banga kinialna leh a man lopi-in thu telcian mel lopi-in zuau leh upmawh thu tawh Democratic party tang ngawhna kimu mun mahmah a, Republican party in zong hih thute meetbawlin vote ngahna dingin nat zat (politicised) mahmah hi.
US GAM-A THU NAWNGKAI TAM LOTE:
1. McCARREN-WALTER ACT:
1952 kum in McCarren-Walter Act kici immigration law sungah US government adingin vauna leh launa (threat) a piangsak immigrants mite citizenship piak lohna ding immigration law a bawl hangin biakna zuih hangin kumpi nasepna (public office) a let ding uh kikham thei lo ding a, biakna hangin deidantuamna om thei lo hi, na ci hi. 1990 kum in hih law Congress leh Senate in a political beliefs hangin foreigners lutsak loh ding hi cih hih thukham a kiphiat hun in House of Representatives members - Democrats makai Chuck Schumer, Nancy Pelosi leh Senate members Joe Biden, Al Gore, John Kerry, Republican makai John McCain (si khin ta), Mitch McConnell leh Dick Cheney (tua hunin Cheney in George W. Bush administration ah Secretary of Defense a let manin vote nei lo) om hi. Senate ah 90 to 0 vote tawh amendment kibawlin spending bill kisuaksak hi.
Hih law tawh kisai a telcian lote in Muslim Travel Ban hi a, hih law a amendment kibawl bek hi napi-in Muslim Travel ban a kibawl masakin members a tam zaw Democrats ahih manin anti-Muslim taktak Democrats hi ci-in Trump' Muslim Travel Ban gupna dingin zuau bulomtang thu kizeel mang gawp sak (viral) uh hi. Trump' administration lo buang Muslim Travel Ban law bawl US history ah om ngei nai lo hi.
2. ABORTION VAI:
US gam bup-ah nauphiatna (abortion) a kiphal hun pen Republican president Richard Nixon' hun hi. Jan. 22, 1972 in Supreme Court in Roe vs Wade case, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) kici Fourteen Amendment to the Constitution sunga Due Process Clause ah fundamental rights sunga om "Right to Privacy" in nauphiat nuamte deihteelna/amau thuthu hi ci-in 7-2 votes tawh January 22, 1973 in phalna na pia a, na kipsak uh hi.
Hih case tawh kisai thukhenna nei kik ding a kikalh hangin Supreme Court in nolhsak hi. Roe vs Wade case thukhen hun in Chief Justice Warren E. Burger pen Republicans hi a, amah tawh gawmin Republican justices li om a, Democrats justice nga om hi. Vote 7-2 tawh kikipsak ahih banah President Nixon in, “Sometimes abortion is necessary” ci-in abortion a gupna thu a gupna thu na gen ahih manin nauphiatna deih Democratic party hi cih miau pen kikhemna hi. “Right to Privacy” pen fundamental rights ahih manin Republican party in nauphiatna phalna pia hi ci-in Supreme Court’ thukhenna Nixon leh Republics pawl pum ngawh theihna ding om tuan lo hi.
3. SAME-SEX MARRIAGE OR GAY MARRIAGE:
Neih kibang kiteen’na US gam-a States 50 ah phalna a kipiak hun in President len Democratic party mi Barrack Obama hi mah hi. Fourteen Amendment of the Constitutions sunga Due Process Clause leh Equal Protection Clause sungah kiteen’na vai Supreme Court in 1967 pekin Loving vs Virginia case a thukhenna na thukimpih a, phalna na pia khinzo hi. Tua khit nungin US states tuamtuam ah hih phalna tona a om hangin May 2015 in Americans public 60%, 2016 in 68% in gay marriage thukimpih uh hi.
Hih civil right case tawh kisai June 26, 2015 in Supreme Court ah Obergefell vs Hodges, 576 U.S. _ _ _2015 case vai 5-4 vote tawh phalna pia-in na kipsak hi. Hih thukhensatna hun in G.W. Bush' guan' Chief Justice John Robert (Republicans) hi a, Associates Justices: phamsa Antonin Scalia (Republicans), Anthony Kennedy (Republican President Reagan’ guan, July 31, 2018 in retired hi a, G.W. Bush’ guan’ conservative John Robert’ thukhenna ah swing vote khia mun khat hi), George W. Bush’ guan' mivomte ahi Clerence Thomas (conservative), Bill Clinton’ guan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (liberal), Bill Clinton’ guan Stephen Breyer (a liberal zaw den), George W. Bush’ guan' Samuel Alito (conservative), Obama’ guan Sonia Sotomayor (liberal), Obama’ guan’ Elena Kagan (liberal) ahi uh hi. Gay marriage vai kiteen’na thukimna a pia leh a kipsak pen Supreme Court thukhenna hi a, Obama tawh kisaikhakna nei lo hi. Judges a tam zawte conservatives ahih banah Republicans presidents guan' tam zaw uh hi.
4. SANGININ AH THUNGETNA KIKHAMNA:
Sanginn ah thungetna a kikham hun pen Democratic president John F. Kennedy presidency hun hi. Engel vs Vitale (Steven I. Engel, et al vs William J. Vitale, Jr., et l) case vai tawh kisai Supreme Court in 6-1 vote tawh a thukhensatna ah public schools ah government-written prayers zangin thungetna in First Amendment of Constitution sunga Established Clause palsat hi ci-in sanginn ah government gelh/bawl thungetna lotngah genna (recitation) a kham hangin a group in thungetna nei nuamte in a neih theihna dingun phalna kipia hi. Sanginn ah thungetna omsak kik ding cih pen Trump' rhetoric leh "dirty political game" hi bek a, vote leh supporters ngahna dingin kikhemna hi zaw bek hi. A group in Khristian ten thungetna a neih theih ding kiphal lua hi.
US history telcian lopi-in upmawh thu leh zuau thu vive gengente na kikhemsak nawn kei ta un. “Kidawm un la, mite' khemsa-in ta kei un. Bang hang hiam cih leh keimah a kineih mi tampi hong pai ding hi..." ci-in Matthai 24:4-5a) sungah Jesuh in hong hilhkhol khinzo hi. First Amendment of US ah biakna khatpeuh i up leh hoih i sak khatpeuh zuih theihna ding freedom of religion a kici mikim in rights nei a, government in biakna khatpeuh angvantuam leh deidantuamin thukham bawl theihna ding thuneihna nei lo hi. Christian biakna pen mi dangte tungah i tangkopih ding i tavuan hi bek a, biakna dangte aana zangin thu um suahsak ding cih Lai Siangtho hong kalh dihdih lo a, gitlohna hi zaw hi.
By: Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs
England kumpi King James I hun panin Plymouth Company leh London Company in America ah permanent settlement bawl ding hong kipan pan uh a, 1607 in James Town, Chesapeake Bay ah English permanent settlement sat masa uh a, a nihna dingin 1620 in Plymouth ah, a thumna dingin 1630 in Massachusetts Bay, tua khit nungin Virginia, Massachusetts cih bangin a ban a banin North America ah teen'na mun ding a ban a banin hong sat uh hi.
Kum 150 sungin British ten colonies 13 Atlantic coast ah: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, ah Georgia tualsuak mi Native Americans mite lomthahna tawh hong gamkeekin colonies 13 hong phuankhia uh hi.
NATIVE AMERICAN GENOCIDE; CHRISTIAN RELIGION BULPHUH A KISAT MAW?:
North leh South Americas gam-ah leitung history adingin GENOCIDE nasia pen American Holocaust ah Native Americans 100 million bang na kilomthah a, kum 246 sung piikpeek ganhing bangin sila dingin mihing (mivomte a tam zaw) na zang uh ahih manin America gam Lai Siangtho bulphuh a kiphuankhia hi cih lanlan pen dik khin lo ding bang a, history deihkaihna tawh kibang zawsop hi. 2010 Census in America gam-ah milip tam pen dinga kilawm Native American leh Alaska Native minam khat (one race) 2,932,248 om hi ci-in kiciamteh in kikhum (registered) a, combination with one or more of the other races lists kici sungah mi 2,288,331 pha hi ci ahih manin a milip kigawmin 5,220,579 (1.6% of the total U.S. population) bek pha zo likliak bek ta uh hi.
America gam LST bulphuh in kisat hi a kicih ding a man khit lohna hang bang hiam cih leh American Founding Fathers lak panin American Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson tawh a gelhkhawm John Adams in 1798 kum in Treaty of Tripoli ah, "The government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian religion," hi a cih man mahmah a, America gam pen Christian biakna bulphuhin kiphuankhia ahih lohna 1797 panin 1801 kikal American President nihna len John Adams mahmah in a kam tawh na gentel khin zo hi.
Tu hun in Christian religion tawh America gam kiphuankhia hi ci-a awngawng a, Obama in America gam Christian gam ahihna beisak ci-in a mot cihsuk ziau ding pen American history kan lo leh thei lopi-in thu deihkaih, history man lopi gengenna tawh kibang ta hi.
A TUNG MASATE LEH PURITANS KICITE HONG TUNNA:
America gam Columbus in 1492 kum in a va muhkhiat khit nungin Spanish, French leh English gamkeekte (colonialists) cihte damdam in lut hong kipan uh a, American Holocaust ah Native Americans minamte siansuahna dingin mihing tangthu sungah genocide nasia pen 100 million kiim that uh hi. England panin biakna pia dinga khuazin mite (pilgrims) 1620 in America gam-ah hong lut uh a, Plymouth Colony ah hong teng uh hi. 1630 kum in England gam panin RC biakna a ultungsak Church of England doctrine a ultungsak kumpite ukna thukimpih loin amau biakna mah a zui nuam Puritans kicite teembaw tawh America gam-ah 1640 in hong lutin Massachusetts Bay Colony ah teng uh hi. Puritans kicite pen mun khatah a lom teen' mite (larger group of settlers) hi uh a, mihau vive pian ahi uh hi.
Hih Pilgrims leh Puritans kicite pen settler group nam nih America gam-a hong lutte hi uh a, England gam-a Roman Catholic biakna doctrine bulphuh Church of England zui England kumpi in biakna leh politics a gawmkhawmna a khen nuam (wanted to separate from the Church) mite leh biakna pawlpi puahphat leh siansuah (reform and purify) ding deihte ahi uh hi. I gensa bangin Pilgrims kicite America ah 1620 ah hong lutin Plymouth Colony ah teng uh a, 1630 kum in Puritans kicite America gam-ah lutin Massachusetts Bay Colony ah teng uh hi. Puritans kicite pen Calvinist Protestants doctrine zui pawl hi uh a, "precisionists" a kicih hun zong om a, biakna leh politics kikhenna (secularism) deih pawl hi uh hi.
England Kumpi King Henry VIII in in pope thuneihna (papal authority) nialin Church of Rome biakna pawlpi state Church of England in a laih hangin Puritans ten Church of England in RC pawlpi pawite leh biakpiakna ngeinate (liturgy) lim zuih lua hi ci-in deih loin 1530s panin Puritans Movement hong phuankhia uh hi. Puritans (tu hunin Pilgrims zong a kicite) King James I (1603–1625) in a uk hun lai 1620 in Blackwell or Thames Lui panin mi May Flower kici teembaw ah passenger 102 leh crew 30 kiim dinga ki-upmawh tuangin New World (America) gam manawhin Plymouth Colony phuankhiate hi uh a, a teembaw uh a dinkhiat ma-in Mayflower Compact kici thukimna suaikai uh hi. Tua khit nung May Flower a nihna Plymouth, Massachusetts cihte ah bang zah vei hiam London panin kivialleh in leitung thak a cih uh America (New World) ah tampi lut beh uh hi.
Historians pawl khatte genna ah, Puritans kicite pen Church of England pawlpi' biakna leh politics a gawmkhawm England kumpi' bawlsiatna thuaklah community member tengin noptuamna (welfare) pian'sakna dingin panla khawmin democracy kipatcilna bawlte hi ci uh hi. Amau i deihna bangin Thomas Jefferson in January 1, 1802 in Danbury Baptist Association, Connecticut pawlpi mite tungah a laikhakna ah a gelh bulphuhin First Amendment to the US Constitution states ah, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," ci-in Congress in biakna zahtakna pansanin thukham bawl thei lo ding hi cih First American of the Constitution ah kituangsak hi.
1640s kiim-in Puritans colonists mi 10,000 kiim America ah tung ta uh ahih manin mun tuamtuam ah gamkeek hong kipan uh Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island leh Maine cihte ah gamkeekin hong kizeel uh hi. 1629 panin 1643 kikal in New England (America) ah Puritans 21,000 kiim pha uh hi. New England gam-ah a hon in a lom peemna/paikhiatna Great Migration kici tawh Puritans innkuan Massachusetts ah 1630 - 1640 kikal sungin pasal, numei leh naupang teembaw ah tuangin lut uh hi.
America gam-ah Puritans mite lutna pen Lai Siangtho sunga Paikhiatna (Exodus) bangin a khualzinna uh tawh na kigenteh hi. Puritans mite in Christian utopia ngaihsutna thak leh siangtho bawl dingin Pasian' teelte (chosen by God) hi ung cih upna nei uh hi. Puritans makaipi John Winthrop in a thuhilhna minthang (famous sermon) khatah Puritans mite in Mual Tunga Khuapi 'City Upon a Hill' kici New World ah perfect Christian colony kisatin kibawl ding a, colonies dangte in ettehhuaisa-in hong etteh ding uh hi na ci hi.
SLAVERY SYSTEM:
New World tung cilte pen gamkeek colonialists leh Calvinist Protestants doctrine zui Puritans mite hi napi-in America gam-ah sila a kineihna (slavery system) pen 1619 panin panin 1885 dong na zang uh a, tualgal American Civil War kici 12 Apr 1861 – 9 Apr 1865 kikal sungin sila deih leh sila deih lote Confederate leh Abolitionist (Union lamte) kicite kidona nasia tak hong piang hi.
Sila a kineihna phiatmang ding a deih Union kicite Commander-in-chief Abraham Lincoln gum lamte galkap 2,200,000 pha uh a, kidona ah a si leh liam 110,000+, natna/accident hangin a si 230,000+, Confederate thonginn ah a si 25,000–30,000 teng tawh gawmkhawmin mi 365,000+ na si uh hi. A liam 282,000+ om a, galmatin a kiman mi 181,193 om ahih manina kigawmin a si, a liam leh a mang 828,000+ bang pha uh hi. Tualthahna leh ngongtatna vive tawh America tangthu kipan hi.
Sila kep leh neih ding a deih pawl - Confederate States kicite Commander-in-chief Jefferson Davis gum lamte galkap 750,000–1,000,000 kikal pha uh a, a si/liam 94,000+, Union thonginn a si 26,000–31,000 kikal pha ahih manin a si 290,000+ pha hi. Gal kidona ah a liam 137,000+, galmat in a kiman 436,658 pha a, a si, a liam leh a mang kigawmin 864,000+ pha hi. Kidona ah Union lamte gualzo napi Confederate States lamte tawh teh in tul sawm thum leh li val deuh bek ahih manin gal kidona a gualzote suplawh mahmah hi cih kimu hi. Slavery system 1885 in kiphiatmang napi-in, a kiphiat ma leh phiat khit nungin US presidents sila kem leh nei veve a hunkhop na om uh a, a tam zawte Republicans presidents ahi uh hi. Tua ahih manin slavery system a deih lo Republican party hi ci-in gengen pen man khin lo bang hi.
America gam-ah sila dingin mi 600,000 bang kipualutte lakah 12 million (5%) Africa gam panin kimanin teembaw tungin kipua-in kizuak hi. Sila 600,000 kipualutte lak panin US in suahtakna a ngah ma kum 1776 in Thirteen Colonies sungah sila 310,000 na kipualut a, tua lak panin 40% Carribbean panin direct in kipualut hi. Sila a kimkhat bang US in England panin suahtakna a ngah khit nunga kipua lut cihna hi. America gam pen Asia gam panin Beringia tawnin (via) Native Americans (Indigenous Americans or American Indians or Red Indians) mite a beisa kum 15,000 hun lai pek panin na tung khinzo in America na sat uh hi. America gam nei taktak leh tualsuak mite pen Native Americans or Red Indians mite hi zaw uh hi.
SUAHTAKNA DINGIN GAL DONA LEH KUMPI A BEINA:
America gam-a teng mite kumpi thuneihna tawh ki-ukna (anarchy) deih loin American Revolutionary War or American War on Independence kici 1775–1783 dong British Colonial Empire na do uh uh hi. American War of Independence kipat cilin English mi 2.7 million kiim bang pha ta uh hi. England kumpi tung panin suahtakna ngahna dingin England kumpi (king) George III hun panin kum giat sung France leh Spain i huhna tawh hong lehdo uh uh hi. American War on Independence kici 1775–1783 hun sungin gal dona ah Americans 6,800 kiim a sih banah 20,000 kiim galmat in kiman hi. Tua banah gal kidona a galmat tuak (prisoner of war) 8,000–12,000 kikal site lakah natna (diseases) hangin si uh hi.
July 4, 1776 England kumpi George III' ukna khut sung panin Americans ten suahtakna a ngah khit nungun a gam makai (president) dingun George Washington cing a, tua khit nung cikmah hun in kumpi nei ngei lo uh hi. USA gam in kumpi (king) a neih loh zawh kum 224+ bang val ta a, American kumpipa in ama thuthu in a gamtat theihna dingin thuneihna (power) nei hi cih ngaihsutna pen a man lo ngaihsutna hi. President pen vaihawmna lam executive body ah a lutang hi zaw bek hi.
America democratic system pen independent power body a nei ciat - executive (ruling party a vai pua administration lente), legislative (House nihte ah thukham bawlte (congressmen leh senators) leh judiciary (district, federal leh Supreme Court judges lente) in kikhen hi. Hih banga thuneihna kikhenna pen systems of balance and checks ci uh hi. Social media ah ei Zomite in hih bangin thuneihna a kikhenzia a telcian zo nai lo kitam mahmah hi. Gentehna dingin thu nawngkaihuai mahmah abortion, same-sex marriage phalna, immigration system vai leh sanginn ah thungetna a kikhamna thute cih banga kinialna leh a man lopi-in thu telcian mel lopi-in zuau leh upmawh thu tawh Democratic party tang ngawhna kimu mun mahmah a, Republican party in zong hih thute meetbawlin vote ngahna dingin nat zat (politicised) mahmah hi.
US GAM-A THU NAWNGKAI TAM LOTE:
1. McCARREN-WALTER ACT:
1952 kum in McCarren-Walter Act kici immigration law sungah US government adingin vauna leh launa (threat) a piangsak immigrants mite citizenship piak lohna ding immigration law a bawl hangin biakna zuih hangin kumpi nasepna (public office) a let ding uh kikham thei lo ding a, biakna hangin deidantuamna om thei lo hi, na ci hi. 1990 kum in hih law Congress leh Senate in a political beliefs hangin foreigners lutsak loh ding hi cih hih thukham a kiphiat hun in House of Representatives members - Democrats makai Chuck Schumer, Nancy Pelosi leh Senate members Joe Biden, Al Gore, John Kerry, Republican makai John McCain (si khin ta), Mitch McConnell leh Dick Cheney (tua hunin Cheney in George W. Bush administration ah Secretary of Defense a let manin vote nei lo) om hi. Senate ah 90 to 0 vote tawh amendment kibawlin spending bill kisuaksak hi.
Hih law tawh kisai a telcian lote in Muslim Travel Ban hi a, hih law a amendment kibawl bek hi napi-in Muslim Travel ban a kibawl masakin members a tam zaw Democrats ahih manin anti-Muslim taktak Democrats hi ci-in Trump' Muslim Travel Ban gupna dingin zuau bulomtang thu kizeel mang gawp sak (viral) uh hi. Trump' administration lo buang Muslim Travel Ban law bawl US history ah om ngei nai lo hi.
2. ABORTION VAI:
US gam bup-ah nauphiatna (abortion) a kiphal hun pen Republican president Richard Nixon' hun hi. Jan. 22, 1972 in Supreme Court in Roe vs Wade case, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) kici Fourteen Amendment to the Constitution sunga Due Process Clause ah fundamental rights sunga om "Right to Privacy" in nauphiat nuamte deihteelna/amau thuthu hi ci-in 7-2 votes tawh January 22, 1973 in phalna na pia a, na kipsak uh hi.
Hih case tawh kisai thukhenna nei kik ding a kikalh hangin Supreme Court in nolhsak hi. Roe vs Wade case thukhen hun in Chief Justice Warren E. Burger pen Republicans hi a, amah tawh gawmin Republican justices li om a, Democrats justice nga om hi. Vote 7-2 tawh kikipsak ahih banah President Nixon in, “Sometimes abortion is necessary” ci-in abortion a gupna thu a gupna thu na gen ahih manin nauphiatna deih Democratic party hi cih miau pen kikhemna hi. “Right to Privacy” pen fundamental rights ahih manin Republican party in nauphiatna phalna pia hi ci-in Supreme Court’ thukhenna Nixon leh Republics pawl pum ngawh theihna ding om tuan lo hi.
3. SAME-SEX MARRIAGE OR GAY MARRIAGE:
Neih kibang kiteen’na US gam-a States 50 ah phalna a kipiak hun in President len Democratic party mi Barrack Obama hi mah hi. Fourteen Amendment of the Constitutions sunga Due Process Clause leh Equal Protection Clause sungah kiteen’na vai Supreme Court in 1967 pekin Loving vs Virginia case a thukhenna na thukimpih a, phalna na pia khinzo hi. Tua khit nungin US states tuamtuam ah hih phalna tona a om hangin May 2015 in Americans public 60%, 2016 in 68% in gay marriage thukimpih uh hi.
Hih civil right case tawh kisai June 26, 2015 in Supreme Court ah Obergefell vs Hodges, 576 U.S. _ _ _2015 case vai 5-4 vote tawh phalna pia-in na kipsak hi. Hih thukhensatna hun in G.W. Bush' guan' Chief Justice John Robert (Republicans) hi a, Associates Justices: phamsa Antonin Scalia (Republicans), Anthony Kennedy (Republican President Reagan’ guan, July 31, 2018 in retired hi a, G.W. Bush’ guan’ conservative John Robert’ thukhenna ah swing vote khia mun khat hi), George W. Bush’ guan' mivomte ahi Clerence Thomas (conservative), Bill Clinton’ guan Ruth Bader Ginsburg (liberal), Bill Clinton’ guan Stephen Breyer (a liberal zaw den), George W. Bush’ guan' Samuel Alito (conservative), Obama’ guan Sonia Sotomayor (liberal), Obama’ guan’ Elena Kagan (liberal) ahi uh hi. Gay marriage vai kiteen’na thukimna a pia leh a kipsak pen Supreme Court thukhenna hi a, Obama tawh kisaikhakna nei lo hi. Judges a tam zawte conservatives ahih banah Republicans presidents guan' tam zaw uh hi.
4. SANGININ AH THUNGETNA KIKHAMNA:
Sanginn ah thungetna a kikham hun pen Democratic president John F. Kennedy presidency hun hi. Engel vs Vitale (Steven I. Engel, et al vs William J. Vitale, Jr., et l) case vai tawh kisai Supreme Court in 6-1 vote tawh a thukhensatna ah public schools ah government-written prayers zangin thungetna in First Amendment of Constitution sunga Established Clause palsat hi ci-in sanginn ah government gelh/bawl thungetna lotngah genna (recitation) a kham hangin a group in thungetna nei nuamte in a neih theihna dingun phalna kipia hi. Sanginn ah thungetna omsak kik ding cih pen Trump' rhetoric leh "dirty political game" hi bek a, vote leh supporters ngahna dingin kikhemna hi zaw bek hi. A group in Khristian ten thungetna a neih theih ding kiphal lua hi.
US history telcian lopi-in upmawh thu leh zuau thu vive gengente na kikhemsak nawn kei ta un. “Kidawm un la, mite' khemsa-in ta kei un. Bang hang hiam cih leh keimah a kineih mi tampi hong pai ding hi..." ci-in Matthai 24:4-5a) sungah Jesuh in hong hilhkhol khinzo hi. First Amendment of US ah biakna khatpeuh i up leh hoih i sak khatpeuh zuih theihna ding freedom of religion a kici mikim in rights nei a, government in biakna khatpeuh angvantuam leh deidantuamin thukham bawl theihna ding thuneihna nei lo hi. Christian biakna pen mi dangte tungah i tangkopih ding i tavuan hi bek a, biakna dangte aana zangin thu um suahsak ding cih Lai Siangtho hong kalh dihdih lo a, gitlohna hi zaw hi.
By: Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs
No comments:
Post a Comment