VALENTINE'S DAY TANGTHU TOMKIM

VALENTINE'S DAY TANGTHU TOMKIM

Valentine's Day pen khanglui dan leh ngeina (old tradition) hi a, Romante' pawi (festival) Lupercalia kici pen hi, ci-in History.com. ah kiciamteh hi. Romante pawi Lupercalia kici pen February 15 in lei hoihna dinga pawi "fertility festival" a kici lo khohna lam lamsangah Romante' Pasian Faunus (Roman god of agriculture) kici a biakna ni pawi in na zang uh hi. Hih pawi a kizat ciangin pasalte'n singkuang/bawm (box) sung khat panin a lawm (partner) ding uh numeite min ki-at in a kikoihte khat tek va dokin, a lawm dingun a dawh khakte uh tawh kitual vik/luk ngeingai uh hi, kici hi.

Tua bangin box sung panin numei min a dok khak penpen uh kipolhpihin, a tam zawte in a numeite kiten'pih uh hi. Hih bang pawi pen Christian thu-upna hong kipat cil dong na kizang toto a, pawi siangtho lo, Christian vai hilo hi, ci-in kum zalom AD 5 in Pope Gelasius in na phiat a, February 14 pen St. Valentine's Day ci-in zat dingin a pulak mah bangin tu dong a kizang toto hong suak hi.

The Canterbury tangthu leh la (poet) gelhsiam Mikangte' Medieval English Poet Chaucer kicipa pen Valentine's Day kizatna hong piangkhiasak taktakpa hi, a ci zong om hi. Tangthu leh tuanthu (history) suakta takin pawl khat na gelh a, a la gelhte ah a mi' min leh mi zatte (poetic characters) pen tuanthu sunga thuman leh thupiang thutak vive (real-life historical events) hi a, a laigelh simte in lamdang sa mahmah uh hi.

Chaucer in a la (poem) 1,375 a gelh ma-in Valentine's Day ciamtehna (record) diktak leh a man bangmah na om lo a, Foules kicite in British parliament ah St. Valentine' annek khawm pawi (St Valentine's feast day) pen amau gamte' ngeina ah kihelna panin kingaihna (courtly love) a pian' ni hi, ci-in na ciamteh hi. Chaucer in a la gelhna ah Feb. 14 pen vasate'n a koppih ding uh a zon' ni uh hi, ci-in a lai gelhna ah hih bangin na gen hi: ...February 14 as the day of birds coming together to find a mate. “For this was sent on Seynt Valentyne’s day / When every foul cometh there to choose his mate,” ci-in a la phuahna sungah na ciamteh a, Chaucer pen Valentine's Day mukhia/pankhia hi (invented) hi ding hi, kici hi.

TUA AHIH LEH ST. VALENTINE I CIH KUA HI MAWK DING HIAM?

Valentine's Day pen a nuai-a Valentines's week list bangin ni tuamtuam ni 8 (8 alternative dates) na om a, pawl khatte in tua ni giat sungah "comedy nights" kici zong kihelsak uh a, tua zan-in Tower of London ah gualnopna leh nuihna hunnuam va zang uh hi. St Valentine kici hangin khawl ni/maap ni (holiday) hong piang khiasak pen mi khat sangin a tamzaw hi ding hi, kici hi.

St. Valentine kici mi siangtho (saint) pen Roman Catholic Church in a om takpi mah hi a, AD 270 kiim pawlin si hi, ci-in na sangin thukim uh hi. Ahih zongin AD 1400s hunin tuanthu leh tangthu kiciamtehna ah Valentine kicipa pen Christian kop (nupate) a kiten'sak manin Kumpi Claudius II in a ngawng na tansak hi, kici hi. Kumpi Claudius II in pasalte in zi nei loin om zaw leh galkap hoih leh muanhuai in kizang thei zaw hi, cih ngaihsutna nei ahih manin pasalte'n zi a neih ding uh na kham a, numei a ut zahzah uh tawh pasalte kipawlsakin ci lakna leh ci khahna ding leh galkap ding bekin na zang hi.

St. Valentine in hih bang ngeina pen hoih lo hi, ci-in nungak leh tangvalte a sim in na letthat (kitengsak) sim zel hi. Claudius II in Valentine' gamtatna a theihkhiat tak ciangin thong sungah na khumcipin, thah dingin thu na pia hi.

St. Valentine kicipa pen Terni khua-a Bishop hi dingin ki-ummawh a, Claudius II in Rome khuapi nawl ah martyr in a thah hi dingin ki-ummawh hi. Valentine pen siampi (priest) leh bishop dingin ki-ummawh a, a tangthu a tuam pian tekin a kigen hangin kibang sim pian tek a, kinaih theih mahmah hi. St. Valentine pen mi khat maw ahih kei leh mi nih hi ding hiam cih kitelcian bialbual loin, thu buaihuaipi suak ahih manin Roman Catholic Church in 1969 St. Valentine zahtakna a piakna (veneration) uh beisak a, ahih zongin "official saint" kici sungah tu dong kiciamteh veve lai hi.

“Valentinus” pen Latin kammal hi a, "manpha, thahat, vanglian" a cihna ahi hi. AD kum zalom 2-8 kikal sungin hih bang min nei na tam mahmah a, Valentinus min nei martyr in a kithat zong na tam mahmah hi. Valentine ci-a kiciamteh min nei mi 12 val bang na om a, Pope Valentine kici nangawn zong om hi. Tu ni ciang dong Valentine's Day kizang pen bel Rome khua-a Claudius II in a ngawng a tansak St. Valentine phawkna in a kizang ahi hi.

ST. VALENTINE TAWH ITNA BANG TAWH KIZOPNA NEI HIAM?

St. Valentine in a simtham (secret) in nupa kitengsak a, a kiten'sak zia pen tu lai pau leh romantic vai mahmah hi. Nupa a simthamin a kiten'sak bek hi loin, mi siantho (saint), khuai khawi mi (beekeepers), khualzinna lampi kal-ah sibup leh kongkaw (epilepsy) natna in mi phakte, pulnatna a laan' ciangin mite huhin, lungam (faint) mite khawi-in na kem hi. Valentine pen nungak-tangval zu thawl kipia khinsate siangtho takin a kitengsakpa ahi hi.

St. Valentine luguh (skull) Rome khuapi-a inn sung khatah paak nam tuamtuam tawh lim takin na kikemcing den a, tu-in Cosmedin khua-a om Basilica of Santa Maria biakinn ah muh theih dingin kikoih hi. Roman kumpite in Khristian thu um mite a lom thahna uh (tu dongin hih munah luguh bekbek dim ziazua lai hi) Rome khuapi kianga om Catacombs a kicihna mun a kitawhkhiat (excavate) lai-in 1800s hun lai-in a luguh kimukhia hi. A guhte zong kitokhia-in leitung mun tuamtuam ah amah phawkna dingin kikemcing hi. Ama' pumpi tunga om, a guhte (relics) a mu nuamte'n a et theihna dingun Czech Republic, Ireland, Scotland, England leh France gamah mipi et theih dingin kikem hi.

VALENTINE'S WEEK LISTS

Tu khangthak hunin Valentine's Day nipi kal a kikhen zia leh bawltawm zia hih danm hi:

7 February: Rose Day

8 February: Propose Day

9 February: Chocolate Day

10 February: Teddy Day

11 February: Promise Day

12 February: Kiss Day

13 February: Hug Day

14 February: Valentine's Day cih gifts kipia ni, nungak leh tangvalte gualnop zat ni cih khawngin kizang zaw ta ahih manin Valentine's Day tawh St. Valentine a kisaikhakna om mel nawn lo bang a, Christmas ni gilmul vang liangin annek khawm pawi i suahsak tawh tawh kibang pian hi.

Behlapna leh thukhupna: Tu hun ciangin Valentine's Day pen St. Valentine phawkna ni dingin a kizang hilo a, St. Valentine kua hiam cih kidong le'ng Valentine's Day tun' ding a ngahlah in a phia keeite leh nisim Valentine's Day hileh a ci nuamte ahih kei leh hih ni kum tampi a zang khin sate nangawn a thei lo kitam kha ding hi. Tu hun ciangin Valentine's Day pen V-Day peuh kici ziau a, lawm kingaite in hun nuam a zat ni uh, sai lianpipi sungah a neih khempeuh uh a suuk kangna ni uh suaksak ta uh hi. Sumbuk ngakte in a sum tampi a muh ni pen uh, a ngaklah tawntung ni uh, lingpaak (rose) leh chocolate tam a zuak khiat pen ni uh suak ta hi.

Source: History.com, Wikipedia and Mirror

A kaikhawm: Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs  

A LAWHSAM DEN PA LEITUNGA MIHAU PEN 33NA SUAK

A LAWHSAM DEN PA LEITUNGA MIHAU PEN 33NA SUAK

China gam-a Alibaba Company phuankhiapa leh Alibaba Group kici company-a Executive Chairman Jack Ma pen 10 September 1964 (tu-in kum 52) Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China ah piang a, tu-in zong Hangzhou mah-ah a zi Cathy Zhāng Yīng leh a tate nih tawh teng hi.

Jack Ma pen Hangzhou Teacher's Institute (tu-in Hangzhou Normal University a kici) na kah a, 1988 in B.A. in English zo hi. A min taktak pen Ma Yun hi a, a inn panin mangpau sin dingin motorbike in minute 40 sung tai-in Huangzhou hotel ah mangpau zangte tawh kikhawl den in kum 9 sung mangpau kisin hi. Tua khit in mangpau a sinna foreigner khat tawh pen pals (lai kikhak a kilawmtatna nei) hong suak uh a, tua pa-in a min Ma Yun lawh haksa sa lua ahih manin Jack ci-in sam a, tu dong Jack Ma kici suak hi. Sang (school) a kah lai-in head of student council in na pang hi. Graduation buaih a ngah khit ciangin Hangzhou Dianzi University ah International Trade English lecturer sem hi. Tua khit nung sawtpi in Hangzhou Normal University, Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business (CKGSB) sin kik in, 2006 in graduate zo kik leuleu hi.

Graduation buaih a ngah khit in Jack Ma in sepna tuamtuam 30 ah ngetna lai pia in, a nget/siauh (applied) hangin khat beek ah kisang lo hi. Police kilakna om a, mi ngai in ngetna lai pia uh a, amah bek kisang lo hi. “Police kilakna ah ka va pai hangin, ‘Hoih khin zo lo hi teh,’ ci-in hong kinolh hi,” ci-in interviewer Charlie Rose kiangah ci hi. “Ka khuapi uh-ah KFC hong lut cil in mi 24 in ngetna lai ka khia uh a, mi 23 kila in, kei bek hong kinolh hi. Tua loin US gam-a IVY League sunga kihel Harvard University ah sawm vei ngetna lai ka piak hangin hong kisang lo hi,” ci-in gen beh hi.

1994 in Jack Ma in Internet tawh kisai na za kha hi. 1995 kum bulin US ah pai a, a lawmte huhna tawh Internet ah maitanglahna (introduced) kibawl hi. Internet ah “beer” kici kammal zong a, gam tampite pau-ah “beer” cih kammal a muh hangin Chinese in mu zo lo ahih manin lamdangsa mahmah hi. Tua khit ciangin China gam tawh kisai 'general information' a zon’ kik hangin kammal khat beek mu lo leuleu ahih manin lamdangsa mahmah hi. A lawm ten website kilawm lo “ugly” website kici China thu tawh kisai bawlsak uh hi. Tua khit naikal nga sungin Chinese ten email khak ziahziah uh a, kua na hiam ci-in a theih nopna uh dong ngeingai uh hi. Hih bang email a ngahte a kipanin Internet in meetna lianpi hong pia thei ding hi cih hong phawkkhia hi. April 1995 in a zi leh a lawmte huhna tawh mun tuamtuam panin $20,000 huhna ngah uh a, a company masa pen ding hong phuankhia in, websites company ding hong bawl khia hi. A company min dingin, “China Yellow Pages,” cih phuak hi. Tua khit kum thum khit nungin a company in Chinese sum Yuan 5,000,000 ($800,000) mu zo hi.

Jack Ma in US gam-a a lawmte huhna tawh Chinese companyte adingin website tuamtuam hong bawl hi. Kum 33 a phakin computer lei zo pan hi. 1998 panin 1999 dong Ma in Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation department nuai-a om China International Electronic Commerce Center-te information technology company phuankhiat makaih hi. 1999 kum ma-in a sepna nusiatsan in, Huanzhou ah ciakkik a, ama’ team mi 18 tawh China pansan business-to-business marketplace site Alibaba kici 500,000 Yuan tawh phuankhia hi.

October 1999 panin January 2000 kikal in Alibaba in $25 million foreign venture capital investment. Hih Chinese enterprise a khantohna kilatna suak a, China gamah domestic e-commerce market leh e-commerce platform nakpi takin khangsak hi. Ma in global e-commerce system puahphat ding leh khan’sak ding deih ahih manin 2003 in Taobao Marketplace, Alipay, Ali Mama leh Lynx phuankhia hi. Taobao nasia takin lawhcingin hong khan’ ciangin eBay in a company a lei sawm hangin phal lo hi. Ma in a company huhna dingin Yahoo co-founder Jerry Yang tung panin $1 billion investment ngah zawsop hi.

September 2014 in Alibaba in initial public offering (IPO) ah sum $25 billion val ngah hi ci-in New York Stock Exchange in suaksak hi. Alibaba in $25 a Ma in Alibaba Group ah executive chairman len a, Alibaba Group nuai-a om major subsidiaries 9- Alibaba.com, Taobao Marketplace, Tmall, eTao, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Juhuasuan, 1688.com, AliExpress.com leh Alipay neipa suak hi. November 2012 in Alibaba in online transaction volume a ngah pen trillion Yuan val ahih manin Ma in "trillion Hou” ("Trillion Yuan Marquis" a cihna) cih min ngah hi. Tua loin universities tuamtuam ten Ma lecture pia dingin cial zel uh a, tuate lakah US President Trump in graduation a ngahna University of Pennsylvania-a Wharton School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, sawm vei kahna dingin lai a piak hangin a nolh Harvard University leh Peking University in lecture pia dingin cial zel uh hi. 2016 in Jack Ma pen Bordeaux khuapi a om Château de, Côtes de Bourg a om Chateau Guerry leh Blaye a om Château Perenne neipa suak beh lai hi. January 9, 2017 in Jack Ma leh President Trump in Trump Tower ah kihona nei uh a, kum nga sungin US gamah sepna million 1 bawl khiat ding vai kikupkhawmna nei uh hi.

College a kah lai-in thum vei kia (failed) in, sepna tuamtuam 30 a siauh hangin ngah loin, KFC ten a mah bek a nolh uh a, police kilakna ah amah bel kinolh a, Harvard University in 10 vei a ngetna a nolh in, a nuntak sungin lawhsam den pa pen March 3, 2016 in a neihsa $22 billion pha hi ci-in kiciamteh hi. Leitunga mihaute kiciamtehna Forbes World Billionaire sungah a 33na in pang zo hi.

Na nuntak sungin bang zah vei lawhsapna na tuak ta a? Japante' paunak in, "Sagih vei na tuk leh giat vei tho kik in," a cih lungngaih tham cing mahmah hi. A tuk ngei lote sangin tuk napi a tho kikte khauhpaih zaw uh hi.

Source: Wikipedia and Positively Positive