KHRISTIAN PAWLPI KHANG TANGTHU - A gelh Rev. Thangboi Hatlangh, ECF, Hyderabad Pastor

 KHRISTIAN PAWLPI  KHANG TANGTHU 

A gelh: Rev. Thangboi Hatlangh, ECF, Hydrabad Pastor 

Thupatna

 

Pawlpi khang tangthu i cih ciangin pawlpi kipat cil-a kipan tu ni dongin pawlpi’ nuntakna leh kalsuannate nung etna ahi hi. Sawltakte’ hun-a kipanin tu ni dongin Pasian nasemte’ nasepnate leh pawlpi in a phut khak thu tuamtuamte kantelna hi a, tua thupiang tuamtuamte a hong kipatna ahang tuamtuamte telsuina leh hilhciatna zong ahi hi. Tua bek hi loin, gam khat panin gamdang khatah Lungdamna Thu a kizelhna leh hih Lungdamna Thu in mite’ nuntakna a kilamdangsakna leh a khelziate kantelna zong ahi hi. Tua mah bangin pawlpi sunga kituahlohna leh kisiat-kibalnate a kipanin pawlpi kipuahphatna leh khanlawhna tuamtuamte leh hih ciang dong i tun’na ahang tuamtuamte kankhiatna leh telsuina ahi hi.

 

Pawlpi khang tangthu i sin ding ciangin leitunga thupiang tuamtuamte leh leitunga gam tuamtuamte’ khang tangthute tawh i sinkhop hong kul hi. A diakin pawlpi kipat cil-a  kipanin kum zalom 18 (18^th Century) sung pen pawlpi khang tangthu leh Rom gam khang tangthute kikhen thei loin tonkhawm den ahih manin hihte gel pen sinkhop loh hong phamawh hi. Tua bek tham loin pawlpi pen gam sung khat adingin mihingte kipawlna lian mahmah khat ahihna tawh gam sung vai tuamtuamte in pawlpi sung nakpi takin nawk kha a, tua mah bangin pawlpi sunga thupiangte in zong gam vai tawh kisai ki-kna zia nakpi takin su kha hi. Tua ahih manin pawlpi khang tangthu i sin ding ciangin pawlpi mi leh sate in a tuah uh kumpi ki-ukna vai, a kiim a pam-a thupiangte pen kinawlkhin thei loin kantelin lngngaih phat kik hong kisam hi.

 

Hih pawlpi khang tangthu sinna in bang phattuamna hong tun’ peuhmah ding ahi hiam, i ci kha ding hi. Pawlpi’ khang tangthu sinna in pawlpi leh a sin mite’ tungah phatuamna tampi tak hong tun’ thei hi.  A diakin a beisa hunte nung-et kikna in Pasian’ vangliatna leh a nasepnate hong telsak semsem ding a, tuate in i Pasian nasepna ah nakpi takin hong thalawpsakin, hong thathosak ding hi. Ta bek hi loin, a beisa hun-a Sawltakpite a kipanin tu ni dongin Pasian’ nasem mi muanhuaite’ nasepnate leh kipiakzawhnate theihna in nakpi takin hong thalawpsak ding hi.  A beisa hun-a pawlpi sunga thupiang hoih lote bang zong ei adingin thusinna hoih mahmah khat hong hi pahin, maban ah i kipuahna ding, i pilvanna ding, leh i kisitphat kikna ding thu tampi tak hong suak hi. Tua bek tham loin khang tangthu sinna in i thu-upte hong kipatciilna leh tua thute damdamin a hong kipuahtoh dante hong theisak ding a, tua tawh kitonin Pasian’ thu luanzia tampi tak hong theisiamsak ding hi. Tua bek zong hi loin, a beisa hunte i hong tel semsem ciangin tu-a i nasepte a thupitna leh a kiman’na taktak kitel zaw kan lai ding hi.

 

_______________________________________________

 

Chapter 1

Khristian Pawlpi hong pian’khiatna

 

Khristian pawlpi hong pian’na ding leh hong dingin ama phu thu lian mahmah nam thum om hi. Tuate pen Rom gam ki-ukna, Greek lai leh pau, leh Judah biaknate ahi hi. 

 

Rom gam ki-ukna

 

Pawlpi hong kiphuat ding kuanin Palestine leh Mediteranean tuipi kiim-a a om gam khempeuh pen Rom kumpi in uk hi. Romte pen gam vaihawmna leh ki-ukna lamsangah tu ni dongin a picing mahmah leh a khangto mahmah gam khatin kiciamteh hi.  A thukhamte uh leh a Upadite (Constitution) uh tungtawnin ni dang hun in a om ngei lo leitung mi khempeuh lungsim kipumkhatna leh kithutuahna khat piangkhia sak  hi.  Minam tuamtuam ahih zenzen uh hangin, leitung mi khempeuh minam khat hihna lungsim nei sak hi.  Tua ahih manin Lungdamna Thu hong tun’ ciangin zong Sawltakte in minam kim veina leh awlmawhna lungsim hong nei pah uh hi.  Ceasar Augustus (27BC-14 AD) in a khan sungin Mediteranean tuipi kiim-a om khua tampi tak khuapi suaksakin, tua khuate kikawmtuahna ding lamlian leh teembaw khawlnate hoih takin bawl hi. Hih lamliante hangin Rom gam uk huam sung khempeuh thu leh la kizaktuahna leh kikawmtuahna nakpi takin hong baihsam hi.

 

Greek lai leh pau

 

A nihna ah, Greek pau leh ngeina in pawlpi dingin nakpi takin mapang hi. Rom kumpi hong khan ma-in Greekte in a tunga i gen gam sung teng na uk uh hi. Gam neuno khat bek ahih hangun a ukna uh gam zapi hi a, tua gamte khempeuh lim takin a uk theihna dingun Greek lai leh ngeina nakpi takin a gam ukte uh zuihpih uh hi. A sawt loin Greek lai leh pau pen Mediteranean kim-a gamte adingin tangpi tangta pau (pautaang; common language) hong suak hi.  Lai Siangtho sunga Thuciam Lui nangawn Hebrew panin Greek tawh kilet a, Thuciam Thak Lai Siangtho khempeuh zong mikim in a sim theih ding ngimna tawh Greek tawh kigelh ahih manin a sawt loin Lungdamna Thu zong mun khempeuh ah kizeelsuak pah hi. Greek pau bek hi loin, Greek thu thukte sinna in mite a biakna sunga thu gina lo tampi takte nawlkhinsakin, khuak ngaihsutna leh a pilhuai thute pibawlna lungsim nei sak hi. Hih thuthukte mah zangin Sawltakte leh a nungzuite un Lungdamna Thu mi tampi takin a telsiamna dingin hong hilh thei uh hi.

 

Judah biakna

 

Khristian biakna pen Judah biakna panin a ka khia ahih mah bangin pawlpi in Judah biakna panin a luahsuk thu-up leh thuciin tampi tak nei hi. Judah biakna ah Pasian khat bek biakna in Gentail mi tampi tak Judah biakna ah na zol khin zo hi. Tua bek tham loin a biakna uh hangin nek leh dawn a kipanin nupa kal sian’thona dongah a kiim a pam-a minam dangte sangin na siangtho zaw uh hi. Tua bek hi loin Lai Siangtho a kip let mahmah minam ahih mah bangun Khristian a hong suah uh ciangin zong Lai Siangtho mah nakpi takin hong bul bawl pah uh a, biak piak kikhop zong pen Synagogue kikhopna pai dan zui-in na bawl uh hi.

 

Pawlpi kipat cilna thu

 

Penticost ni pen Khristian khang tangthu ah pawlpi kiphuh ni hi ci-in kiciamteh hi. Hih ni pen tanglai pekin kamsangte in a na genkholh khinsa uh leh i Topa Jesu mahmah in a nungzuite tungah a na kamciam Kha Siangtho a hong tun’ ni ahi hi. Tua ni-in Kha tawh a kidim nungzuite in Jesu’ thu hangsan takin teci pang uh a, mipi tul 3,000 in gupna ngahin tui kiphum hi. A kisawlna uh bangin hih ni-a kipanin lawp mahmahna tawh Lungdamna Thu tangko ding hong kipan uh hi. Tua bek tham loin, tua ni-a kipanin thu um mite ni simin kimukhawmin, thu ngen khawmin, nek khawmnate ne khawmin, a neih leh a lamte na tawm uh kitaang uh hi. Tua ahih manin Pentecost ni pen pawlpi kiphuh ni hi, kici hi.

 

Ahi zongin pawlpi i cih pen Jesu’ sunga Pasian’ mite kipawlna hi a, tua Pasian mite’ kipawlna pen Penticost ni-in Kha Siangtho hong tun’ ma pekin na om khin zo hi. Tua Pasian’ mite pen Tuiphumpa Johan hun-a kipanin Topa Jesu a um leh a zuite hi pah uh hi. Tham loin, Topa Jesu in a nungzui ding mi 12 a teelte zong pen Thuciam Lui hunin Israel minam 12te etsakna leh gentehna hi a, tua a nungzuite’ tungah ka pawlpi ka lam ding hi, na ci (Matthai 16:18). Ahi zongin a nuntak sungin tua bang pawlpi a phuhkhiat lam uh kigen kha lo ahih manin Singlamteh tungah a nuntakna khamin pawlpi na phut hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, pawlpi pen Jesu suangpi tunga a kiphut pawlpi hi a, a sihna pen a nasep thupi pen leh na khempeuh a zawhna ni ahi hi. Tua bek loin, Lungdamna Thu bu gelhte in Singlamteh phung mah ah amah a it mahmah a nungzuite a omna thu lim takin na ciamteh uh hi.

 

Pawl khatte leuleu in thawhkik ni pen Khristian thu upna laigil pen leh nungzuite a khamuangsak pen ahih manin thawhkik ni pen pawlpi kiphuat ni hi, a ci zong om hi. Tham loin, pawlpi i cih pen Jesu a umte leh a zuite bek genna hi loin, Jesu’ min tawh biakpiakna a neikhawm leh a kikhawlkhawmte genna ahih mah bangin tua nungzuite a kikholhkhop masak ni pen uh thawhkik ni ahih manin thawhkik ni pen pawlpi kiphuat ni hi, ci uh hi. Ahi zongin thawhkik ni a kipanin tua banga a kimuhkhop theih zel uh hangin nungzuite lau leh lingin om lai uh a, Jesu sawl bangin hangsan takin thu zong gen ngam nai tuan lo uh hi. Pentecost ni-in Kha Siangtho a hong tun’ ciang bekin tua a launa teng uh hong bei-in, a kisawlna uh bangin Lungdamna Thu hilh ding nasep hong kipanpan uh hi. Tham loin, tua banga na a sep theihna dingun nungzuite zong Topa’ Jesu’n a cil lai-in a teel mah bangin 12 a phak tektek uh kul a, Judas in nusia khin ahih manin ama’ zalaih ding pen Pentecost pawi ma deuhin kiteel hi. Tua ahih manin Pentecost pawi hong tun ciang bekin hih sawltakte in gina takin a na uh hong sem thei pan bek uh ahih manin i muh theih pawlpi pen Pentecost ni-in kipan hi, cih pen a san’theih mahmah khat hong suak hi. Ahi zongin i gensa mah bangin Topa Jesu in ama nuntakna mahmah khamin a pawlpi phuan hi i cih leh zong a khial hi tuan lo hi.

 

Sawltakpite’ leh Pawlpi Kipat cilna

 

Sawltak  2:41 sung i sim ciangin Pentecost pawi ni-in Peter’ thuhilhna tungtawnin mipi 3,000 in Jesu um in tui kiphum hi, cih i mu hi. Tua tawh kitonin thu um mite Nipini simin biakinn (Temple) ah kikhawmin, Sawltakte’ thugente ngaikhawmin, a innte uh anlum balkhamin nekkhawmna bawlin, a neih leh a lamte uh zong aituam neih loin kitaang uh hi. Tua banga a hunte uh a hong zat uh ciangin thu um mi tampi tak hong kibehlap hi. Sawltak 4:4 sung i hong tun’ ciangin thu um mi 5,000 val bang pha to pah hi. Thu um mi a tam zawte pen Palestine gam sunga a teng Judah minam hi loin, Greek gam sunga teng Judah minamte hi zaw hi, kici hi (Sawltak 6:1). Tua ahih manin amaute hangin hun tomcik sungin Greek gam sungah Lungdamna Thu nakpi takin kizeel pah hi.

 

Pawlpi a hong khan ciangin Judah minam sungah bawlsiatna hong kipan pah hi. Salwtak a lian 4na sungah Peter leh Johante in Jesu’ thu a hilh nawn lohna dingun Judah makaite in khauh takin thu a piakna uh leh a lian 7na sungah Khristian martyr masa pen Stephen suang tawh a kiden’ lupna kimu hi. Tua khit a sawt loin Herod in James that in Peter zong thong sungah khum hi (Sawltak 12). Tua bang hita se leh pawlpi pen a pai ngeingei in pai-in nakpi takin mainawt hi.

 

Sawltak a lian 8na pan 12na sung i et ciangin Lungdamna Thu pen Jerusalem khua sung bek hi nawn loin Judea gam sung mun tuamtuam leh Samaria gam sung nangawn ah a lutna kimu hi. Philip pen Samaria gam sungah Lungdamna Thu a pua lut masa pen ahi hi (8:5-25). Thu um mi tampi tak hong kibehlap uh ciangin amaute a hanthawn dingin Sawltakpite – Peter leh Johan sam suk uh hi. Philip in Samaria mite tungah Lungdamna Thu a hilh khit ciangin Ethophia (Africa) mipa tungah Lungdamna Thu hilh hi. Hih Ethophia a kici mipa tungtawnin a sawt loin Africa gam ah thu um mi tampi tak hong om hi. Tua bang kawm kalah Pasian’ Kha Siangtho in Peter zong Rom galkap ulian Cornelius’ inn sungah va puak a, tua lai ah Gentail mite in zong Lungdamna Thu a san’na leh Kha Siangtho a tan’na uh a mit mahmah tawh va mu hi (10-11).

 

Judea gam sung leh Samaria  pawlpi a kiphuat khit a sawt loin Syria gam sung Antioch khua-ah zong na kiphuan hi. Tua lai-a thu umte pen a khuapihte un Jesu Khris nungzuite ci-in – Khristian cih min tawh na sam uh hi. Tua a kipanin thu um mite pen Khristian ci-in kisam hi (11:20). Antioch pawlpi pen piakkhiatna leh mission nasepna a hat mahmah pawlpi ahi hi.  Jerusalem pawlpite’ kisapna a huh zo den pawlpi ahih banah, Gentail gam sungah missionary nasepna a pankhia masa pen leh Paul leh Barnabas gentail gam sunga missionary dinga a sawlkhia pawlpi ahi hi.

 

Gentail gam sungah Lungdamna Thu

 

Jerusalem a pawlpi kipat cilin Lungdamna Thu pen mi khempeuh ading ahihna leh mi khempeuh tunga tangko ding ahih lam na kin khol lo uh hileh kilawm hi. Peter nangawin Cornelius inn sunga Kha Siangtho’ nasepna a muh ciang bekin hih thu sang thei pan hi. Lungdamna Thu pen mikim ading ahihna leh mi khempeuh tunga puak ding ahihna awlmawhna leh veina taktak tawh na a hong semkhia masa pen nungzui sawm leh nihte hi loin, Pharisee mi ahi – Sawltak Paul hi zaw hi. Pasian in Gentail mite’ lakah Lungdamna Thu hilh ding leh sawltak nasep a sem dinga a sapna thu tel takin thei hi (Sawltak 9:15).

 

Paul pen a cilin Pharisee pawl ahihna tawh pawlpi nakpi takin langpangin na bawlsia hi. Bawlsiatna kihtak manin Jerusalem a nusiasan khinsate nangawn mat kik ding lunggulh hi. Khristian martyr masa pen Stephen zong ama’ thupiakna tawh a kithat hi, ci le’ng kikhial lo ding hi (Acts 7). Hi kei leh a thatte in Stephen puan Paul tungah ap lo ding uh hi. Tua zahta-in Khristiante a bawlsiapa in a thokik Jesu tawh Damascus lampi ah a hong kituah uh ciangin Jesu Khris leh a pawlpi a muh dan leh a ngaihsut dan uh nakpi takin hong kikheel hi. A sawt loin Antioch pawlpite in Gentail gam sungah Lungdamna Thu puak dingin Barnabas tawh sawl khia uh hi.

 

Antioch panin Cyprus tuikulh tawnin Anatolia leh Galatia (South Eastern Turkey) gam sung teng hong ban nawk uh hi. A paina peuhpeuh uh-ah pawlpi phuan kawikawi uh a, pawlpi upa ding zong guang toto uh hi. A nih veina dingin tua pawlpite a vaan kawmkawm mah un Asia Minor (Western Turkey) lut dingin hong kisa uh hi. Ahi zongin Kha Siangtho in Asia Minor gam sung a lut ding uh na phal loin, Europe leitang (Macedonia gam) ah puak hi. Tua hun-a kipanin Athen leh Corinth khuapite a Lungdamna Thu hilhin kum khat leh a lang val bang Corinth ah tam a, tua lai panin Ephesa (Asia minor) ah leh lut hi. Tua a kipanin Ephesus pansanin Asia Minor leh Europe gam sunga pawlpite tawh kithuza denin Tyrananus kicihna mun ah kum thum kiim bang thu hilh hi. Hih hun sungin nungzui tampi nei-in, a nungzuite in Asia minor gam sungah pawlpi tampi tak phuan uh hi.

 

Hih bangin Gentail minam tampi takin Lungdamna Thu a hong san’ uh ciangin pawlpi sungah zong kitelkhialhna pawl khatah hong piang pah hi. A diakin Gentail Khristiante in Judahte ngeina tuamtuam – vun atna a kipan, nek leh dawn leh pawite a tanh uh kul maw kul lo cih tawh buaina hong piang hi. Tua ahih manin Sawltakpite in Jerusalem ah vaihawmna khawmpi sam uh a, tua lai-ah Gentail thu umte in vun-at kik a kisap lohna leh Gentail mite in zong a thu uppih uh Judahte a khasiatsak lohna dingun nek leh dawn leh gamtat khuahei ah a kidop mahmahna ding uh khensat uh hi (Sawltak 15).

 

Hih zahin pawlpi hong hang pen Topa Jesu’ thugen a man’na hang uh leh Kha Siangtho a kimakaihsakna uh hang ahi hi. Tua bek hi loin Sawltak 2:41-47 sungah Luke in a gelh bangin – Sawltakte’ thuhilhna, kithuahkhopna, khat leh khat ki-itna leh kikhualna, piakkhiatna, Lungdamna Thu hilh ding lawpna leh veina, leh thungetna bulphunate hang ahi hi.

________________________________________

 

 

 

Chapter 2

Sawltakpite’ hun-a pawlpi kalsuanzia leh nuntakzia

 

Pawlpi nuntakzia leh ki-ukna zia

 

Pawlpi kipat cil lai-in pawlpite pen Sawltakpite (Apostles) in na makaih uh hi. Tua hun lai-in a tuamin biakinn nei lo uh a, a innte uh ah kikhawm uh hi. A kikhop dan tangpite uh pen Lai Siangtho simna, Jesu’ tangthu simna, hanthotna, lasakna leh nekkhawm bawlnate ahi hi. Pawlpi sunga lut ding peuhmah pen Jesu min tawh tui na phum tangtang uh hi.

 

Sawltakpite pen Topa Jesu mahmah in a nuntak lai-in a teel leh Lungdamna Thu gen dingin a sawl khiatte ahih manun pawlpi mite in zahtak mahmah uh hi. Pawlpi sunga sep ding leh bawl ding a hong tam luat ciangin tuate a vaan ding leh amaute a huh dingin pawlpi tanupi (deacon) ding mipite’ sung panin Kha Siangtho tawh a kidim makai ding kiteel hi. Tua upate in Sawltakte’ thupha piakna tawh pawlpi sunga sep ding leh bawl ding tavuan tuamtuam omte hong la to uh hi. Sawltakte in pawlpi thak a phuat kawikawi uh ciangin tua pawlpite a makaih dingin pawlpi sung panin pawlpi sia (elders/presbyteros) ding teelin, a lutung uh-a khut ngakna leh thupha piakna tawh pawlpi kem sia dingin namkip uh hi. Tual sung pawlpi sungah amaute pen a thunei pente hi uh a, pawlpi nih leh thum bang a len khawm pawlpi siate pen Bishop (episkopos) kici hi. Sawltakte a sih khit uh ciangin hih Bishopte pen pawlpi sungah a thunei pente hong hi uh hi.

 

Hih a tunga pawlpi siate’ nuai ah pawlpi makai mipite teel – deacon a kicite om uh hi. Amaute pen pawlpi siate huh ding leh pawlpi sunga tanupi nasep a sem dingte ahi uh hi. I theih dingin Sawltak a lian 6-8 sunga Stephen leh Philipte pawl ahi uh hi. Sawltakpite hun sungin numei pawl khat zong hih pawlpi tanupite’ lakah a kihel pawl khat om hi (Phoebe, cf. Rom 16:1).

 

A cil lai-in Sawltakpite sung panin Peter pen a lianpen bangin kikoih a, ahi zongin a hun a hong sawt toh tektek ciangin Jesu sanggampa – James pen Jerusalem ah a lianpen hong suak hi. Peter pen sawltak ahihna tawh thugen in zinkhia tawntung ahih manin Jerusalem pawlpi makaihna pen James’ tungah a pia-in a ap zong hi kha thei ding hi. Tua ahih kei leh zong James pen Jesu sanggampa ahihna tawh mite in zahtak bawlin, tua tungtawnin damdamin thu hong nei toto zong hi kha ding hi.

 

Hih hun sungin Sawltakpite leh pawlpi upate in a pawlpite tawh kithuzaktuahna ding leh kithuhilhna dingin laikhak leh laibuta tampi gelh uh hi. Tua bek hi loin, biakpiakna a sim ding Jesu Tangthu leh a thuhilhnate zong tampi tak gelh uh hi. Tuate sung panin pawl khat pen a nung ciangin Thuciam Thak laibu sungah hong kihel hi.

 

Bawlsiatna a Kipat Cilna

 

Thu um mite a bawlsia masa pente pen a Judahpihte ahi hi (Sawltak 7, 8:13). Stephen (7), James leh Peter (12), banah Paulte in bawlsiatna a tuah cilna uh pen a Judah mipihte uh tung pan ahi hi. Thu um mite pen Judah biakna leh ngeina a thanghuaisak leh a mindaisak ban uh-ah thuhilhna man lo a zui – a paikhial pawl bangin ngaihsun uh hi. Tua bek hi loin Rom kumpi in AD 70 kum a Jerusalem a hong lak tawh kitonin, Judah minam sungah kihuaituamna leh minam veina nakpi takin hong khang hi. Judah Khristiante pen Gentailte tawh zong kipawl uh ahih manin amaute pen Judah mite’ thu upna uh a dausak leh a minam hihna uh a dausak khatin ngaihsun uh ahih manin mudah mahmah uh hi. Tua bek hi loin Moses’ thukham leh Judah biaknate thupi sim nawn lo uh ahih manin Judah minam taktak bangin ngaihsun thei nawn lo uh hi. Tua ahih manin a kikhopna uh leh a kipawlkhopna uh innte (Synagogue) panin Khristiante a banbanin nawh khiat hong kipan uh hi.

 

Kumpi lam panin zong a vangkimin Khristiante in bawlsiatna thuak zel uh hi. Ahi zongin a suuk taktak leh Rom gam khempeuh huam a bawlsiatna pen AD 250 ma-in na om lo hi. A cilin Rom kumpite in Khristian pawlpi pen Judah biakna sunga a om bangin ngaihsun uh hi. Ahi zongin damdamin Judah biakna tawh kibang lo bek tham loin pawl tuam ahih lam a hong theikhiat uh ciangin mailam hun ciangin gam ki-ukna nawngkaisak thei ding hi cih thei uh ahih manin deih het lo uh hi. A nihna dingin, minam dangte’ biakna ngeina bang lo takin Khristiante in biak piakna ah milim zang lo uh ahih manin Pasian a um lo (atheist) bangin ngaihsun uh hi. Tua bek tham loin, Khristiante pen a simthamin a innte uh ah kimu khawmin, mihing sa ne-in mihing sisan dawn uh hi, ci-in kingawh hi. Tua banah khua sunga pawi leh hun tuamtuamte ah ni dang bangin a hong kihel nawn loh uh bek uh hi loin, a thugente uh pen mizawng daipam, sila leh migina lo tampi takin a hong san’ uh ciangin kumpi lehdo nuam uh hi, ci-in muanmawhna nei uh hi. Tua bek tham loin, khuahun siatna tuamtuam – kialpi, pulpi, leh tuahsiatna tuamtuamte a tuah uh ciangin Khristiante’ gamtatna hangin a pasiante uh heh hi dingin ngaihsun uh hi. Ukpipa Nero in AD 60 pawlin Rome khuapi lam thak nuam ahih manin a khuapi kimkhat dektak haltum hi. Ahi zongin thusia bawlin Khristiante hal hi, ci-in ngawhin Khristiante nakpi takin bawlsia hi. Hih hun sungin Rom a thongkia Peter leh Paul zong kithat hi.

 

Sawltakpupite’ hun-a Pawlpi (Apostolic Fathers)

 

Sawltakpite a sih khit uh ciangin a nungzuite in pawlpi hong makaihsuk uh hi. Amaute pen Khristian Khangtangthu bute sungah Sawltakpupite (Apostolic fathers) cih min kivawh hi. Amaute pen Sawltakpite’ nungzuite ahih mah bangun Sawltakpite’ thuhilhte kip takin lenin, tua tawh kizui-in pawlpi in a thu up bulpite bang teng hi hiam, cih a hilhciante ahi uh hi. Hih hun pen Rom kumpi lam panin bawlsiatna a hong khan mahmah hun hi zong a, tham loin pawlpi sungah zong upna man lo tampi tak a hong pian’ khiat hun ahi hi.  Tua ciangin Sawltakpupite in ahih theih zah uh tawh pawlpi mite Sawltakpite’ thuhilhnate leh pawlpi thu up bulpite nakpi takin hilhin, a laibu mahmah in zong hawm khia uh hi. Rome khua Bishop Clements’ laigelhte bang, tua ciangin Didache a kici nungzui suahna laibu bang, tua ciangin Shepherd of Hermeas leh Barnabas laikhakte pen a kilang pha diak leh a minthang mahmahte ahi hi. Tua hun lai-in Thuciam Thak Lai Siangtho om nai lo ahih manin hih a tunga Sawltakpupite’ laigelhte pen pawlpi mite in Lai Siangtho zahin sangin thupisim mahmah uh hi. Ahi zongin kum zalom lina bei dek kuan pawlin Thuciam Thak laibute a hong kikipsak ciangin hih a tunga laibute’ vangliatna damdamin hong kiam hi.

 

Rome khua panin Bishop Clements, Anitioch khua panin Bishop Ignatious leh Smyrna khua Bishop Polycarp cihte pen Sawltakpupite’ lak panin a tallang zaw deuhte ahi uh hi. Clements pen Rome a sawltak Paul nungzui hi uh a, Rome khua Bishop thumna ahi hi. Bishop Polycarp pen sawltak Johan nungzui khatin kigen a, AD 155 kiim pawlin martyr in si hi.

 

Ukpipa Decius hong khan ciangin Rom gam thanemna pen Khristiante in Romte’ pasiante a simmawhsakna uh hang hi ci-in ngawh cinten hi. Tua bek loin, Khristiante pen gam sung leh khua sung kipawlna, gal dona leh khua sung kimawlnate nangawh ah kihel mel lo uh ahih manin muanmawhna lianpi nei hi. Tham loin, gamsung mite’ biakna leh ukpite biaknate ah kihel lo uh ahih manin gam leh minam adingin a cihtakna uh leh a muanhuaina uh kimuangmawh den hi.

 

Pawlpi Khantohna (100-313):

 

Bawlsiatna a hong khan tawh kitonin pawlpi nakpi takin khang hi. Antioch leh Ephesus khuate pen missionary khahkhiatna phualpi hong hi toto uh hi. Kum zalom 2 (2 century AD) kipat cil lai-in Bithynia gam ukpa Pliny in ama’ ukna gam sungah khuaneu leh khuatate a biakinnte (temples) ah biakna pia ding nangawn mi muh ding a om nawn lohna dingin thu Rom gam ukpipa kiangah tun hi. Hih hun sungin Antioch panin ni suahna lam gamte ah pawlpi nakpi takin khang a, Tigris luipi (Iraq) ciang dong ah pawlpi kiphuan hi.

 

Hih hun sung mah in Lungdamna Thu in Asia minor panin Armenia gam sung dong zeelin, Armenia pen Khristian gam a suak masa pen hong hi hi. A biakna milimte uh susia-in, a temple-te uh Biakinn dingin zang uh a, siampi pawl khat pen pawlpi nasem hong suak uh hi. Lai Siangtho leh Khristian laibu tampi tak zong Armenia pau-in kitei hi.

 

Hih hun sung mah in Egypt gam sunga khuapi lianpen Alexandria khuapi pen Khristiante munpi hong suak hi. Khang tangthu kan – Eusebius in Alexandria a Lungdamna Thu hong puak pen Sawltak Marka hi, ci-in na ciamteh hi. AD 130 pawlin a kisun Thuciam Thak laibu upa pen hih khuapi ah kimu hi. Tham loin Khristian makai tampi tak – Clements, Panteaenus, Athanasiaus leh Origente cihte khan khiatna hong hi hi.

 

Kum zalom thumna a hong tun’ ngawngaw ciangin Europe gam sungah Rome khua pawlpite nakpi takin hong vanglian hi. Tua hun lai-in Italy gam sung bekah Bishop 100 val om hi, kici hi.  Hih hun sung mah in Spain leh France gam sungah zong pawlpi nakpi takin khang hi. Lyon khuapi Bishop Irenues pen France gam sunga pawlpi makaipi khatin kiciamteh hi.

 

Pawlpi a kipat cil hun lai-in pawlpi mite pen a tam zawte mizawng daipamte ahih uh hangin kum za lom thumna a bei kuanin mihau leh gam sung vaihawm ulian tampi tak pawlpi pawlpi sungah om khin zo hi. Kumpite in thuman lopi-in Khristiante a ngawh ciang leh a bawlsiat ciangin kumpite tungah pawlpi thu upna thu hoih takin a gum ding leh Khristian biakna a hu dingin laisiam tampi takin pan na la uh hi. Amaute in kumpite in a ngawhna dik lote dawng kikin, ukpite’ tung leh kumpi uliante’ tel theih dingin Khristian biakna pen biakna hoih mahmah ahihna leh tua banga bawlsiatna thuak dinga kilawm lo ahihna thute lai mahmah tawh gelhin kumpite tungah puak uh hi. Tua bek hi loin, biakna dang khempeuh sangin Khristian biakna pen a upa pen leh a hoih pen ahihna thu kumpite kiangah gen uh hi.  Amaute’ pen leitung vai ah mipil mahmah vive hi uh a, Greek thuthukte zangin Khristian thu upna laigilte a hilhciante ahih manun, amau khang a kipanin Khristian thu upna zong leitung pilna tawh nakpi takin hong kimekkhawm ta hi.  Amaute sung panin Justin Martyr, Ireneaus, Carthage khuami Tertullian leh Cyprian, Alexandria khuami Clement leh Origen cihte pen a minthang pha diakte hi uh a, a tam zawte pen kumpite in manin martyr suak uh hi.

 

Hih Sawltakpupite tungtawnin pawlpi in thu upna thak leh thuciin thak hong nei toto uh hi. Tua bang thuhilhna a tallang pha diakte pen hih a nuai-a bang ahi hi:

 

Ireneus: Thuciam Thak pen Thuciam Lui tawh a kikim ahihna; Bishopte pen Sawltakpite’ tungpana a kiluahsuksuk ahihna (apostolic succession); nekkhawmna ah khomun leh lenggahzu pen Jesu pumpi leh sisan taktak ahihna; Jesu hong pai baih pah ding ahihna thute hilh hi.

 

Tertullian: Thum gawm Pasian thu (Trinity doctrine) tel takin a gelh masa pen leh Tapa pen pumkhat ahihna; mihingte’ kha pen nu leh pate tung pana a kiluah suk ahihna; tua ahih manin naupangte tuiphum kul ahihna.

 

Cyprian: Pawlpi kipumkhat theihna dingin nakpi takin pang ahih manin pawlpi pualam ah hotkhiatna om lo hi cih tangko hi. Rom khua pawlpi pen Sawltakpi – Peter’ sihna mun leh a pawlpi makaite pen ama khut ngakna tawh pawlpi sia a sem ahih manun, pawlpi dang khempeuh sangin thupi zaw hi cih ngaihsutna hong luikhia hi.

 

Kumpi’ Bawlsiatna

 

A tunga i gensa bangin Bithynia gam uk Pliny in a gam sungah mi tampi takin Khristian thu upna zui-in Romte biakna a nutsiatna a muh ciangin na sa mahmah hi. Hih thu hangin Ukpipa tungah laikhak a, tua tawh kiton ahih theih zah tawh Khristian a suak khinsate Rom biakna ah a kaihkik theihna dingin pan nakpi takin hong la hi.  Ama’ gam ukna sungah Khristiante kumpi zum ah sam khawmin a Khristian thu upna uh a taisan lote thah dingin vau bawl hi. Nih vei thum vei bang lim takin a kidot khit cianga a ut lo teiteite pen that takpi hi. Hih hun sungin pawlpi Sawltakpupite sung panin Ignatius, Polycarp, Justin Martyr leh mi dang tampi tak martyr in si uh hi.

 

AD 250 kum kiim kipan ukpipa Decius hong khan ciangin Khristiante pen tam lua mahmah ta uh a, gam khat sungah kipawlna tuam a nei thei ding dinmun a mu ahih manin lauthawnghuaisa-in bawlsiat ding hong ngaihsun hi. Hih tawh kitonin mi khempeuh in kum simin khat vei beek Rom ukpite a kibiakna temple-te ah biakpiakna a piakna dingun thukhun hong bawl hi. Hih thukhun a mang nuam lo peuhmah bawlsiatna thuak ding leh thonginn sungah khum ding hi pahpah hi.

 

Decius a hong sih khit ciangin Valerian in bawlsiatna a nasia zaw semin hong zom to hi. AD 257 leh 258 kikalin kumpi thukhun a suahkhiatna sungah Khristiante in peel loin Romte Temple-te a biakna a piak ding; a ut lo peuhmah gamdang ah sawl mang ding; pawlpi makaite (Bishop, pastor leh upate) bang pen thah pah lianlian ding; kumpi nasemte kumpi nasepna pan a tawpsak ding; leh minautangte pen sila suahsak ding, cih zah dongin kumpi thukkhun khauh takin hong bawl hi.

 

Valerian’ uk hun khit ciangin Diocletion hong khang hi. A tunga Valerian’ thukhun bawlte khauh takin hong zui hi. Amah pen ukpi ahih ma-in galkap general khat hi a, khauh takin gam ki-ukna leh kivaihawmna bekin a kumpi gam leh Rom ngeina kembit zo ding hi, cih ngaihsutna nei hi. AD 303 kumin Khristian biakna pen kumpi theihpih loh biakna hi ci-in, biakinn kikhop khakin, biakinnte halin, pawlpi siate tawpsakin, biakna laibute halin, mi tampi tak thonginn sungah khia hi. Tua bek tham loin Romte biakinn a biakna a pia lo peuhmah ban thah ding hong kipan hi. Tua hun lai-in thonginn sung khempeuh dimin, mi gilote omna mun ding nangawn awng lo hi, kici liang hi. Hih hun sungin Khristiante pen a neih a lamte uh kisuhsakin, thong sungah kikhumin, gamdangte ah ut leh ut loh thu hi loin kisawl mang a, namsau a si leh ganhing tawh kilai-a si tam mahmah uh hi. Pawl khatte pen kulkhumin a sih dong uh na kisem sak hi.

 

Diocletian a hong sih khit ciangin Galerius ukpi hong hi-in, ama’ sih khit ciangin ukpi hi nuam mi li hong kituh uh hi. Tuate’ sung panin Constantine leh Licinius pangkhawmin Masentius Daia leh Maxentiuste pangkhawm uh hi. Constantine leh Licinius in gal hong zawh uh ciangin Milan ah kisutuahin, tua lai-ah minam khempeuh leh biakna khempeuh in suahta takin kikhop theihna dingn phalna thukhun –Milan thukhun (313) hong bawl uh hi. Hih thukhun tawh kitonin kumpi lam panin Khristiante bawlsiatna hong bei hi.

Bawlsiatna gahte

 

1.      Bawlsiatna a om sungin pawlpi pen nakpi takin khang hi. Tertulian in “Martyrte sisan pen pawlpi phuhna ding khaici hi,” a cih pen na dik mahmah hi. Hih bawlsiatna a nasiat mahmah hun sungin Mediteranean tuipi kim-a om gam khempeuh ah pawlpi om khin hi.

 

2.      Diocetian in pawlpi laibute hong hal ciangin pawlpite in zong sih dongin a gup ngam ding Lai Siangthote koikoi teng ahi hiam ci-in kaikhawm uh a, a sawt loin tuate pen Thuciam Thak laibu a hong pian’na suak hi.

 

3.      Bawlsiatna hun pen Khristian taktak leh a taktak lo kikhitsiangna hun zong hong suak hi. Valerian hun bei ciangin a nungtolh leh a nungkik themthum cih bang om nawn lo hi, kici hi.

 

4.      A leh lamah bawlsiatna om sungin a nungkik leh a nungtolhte pen pawlpi in sangkik ding maw sangkik lo ding, ci-in pawlpi tampi tak buai-in a kitawplawh zong tampi tak mah om hi

 

Pawlpi sunga thu upna thak leh thuciin thak pawl khat

 

Biakna hanga tolteen’na (Ascetism): Thungetna, antanna, mi dang tawh kithuahkhop lohna, leh leitung nopsaknate nutsiatna panin sian’thona kingah thei in midik mi thuman kisuak thei hi, cih upna hong khang hi. Sawltak Paul’ thugen – thukham panin suahtakna pen, dan leh duunte nuai-a omna hong suak toto hi.

 

Nipikal sunga ni masa pen Nipini ci-in zat ding: Nipini pen Jesu thawhkik ni ahih mah bangin tua ni pen thu ummite in kikhop hun, Lai Siangtho simna, nekkhawmna, leh biakpiakna a zat ding ahi hi. A tangpi in pawlpi mite zing nisuah tungin kikhawm uh hi.

 

Tuiphumna thu:  Tuiphumna in mihingte i mawhna panin hong silsiang hi, cih upna hong khang hi. Tui kiphum theih hun ding thukhun kician tak a om loh hangin a naupang lua phal lo uh hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh tui kiphum zawh nunga mawhna pen a suuk mahmah khatin ngaihsun uh hi.

 

Nekkhawmna tawh kisai: Nekkhawmna tawh kisai thu upna lianpi nih hong piangkhia hi. A khatna ah, nekkhawmna ah a khomun leh leenggahzu pen Jesu’ sisan leh pumpi hong suak ahih manin a ne a dawnte in damna ngah ding hi, cih leh nekkhawmna pen Pasian lung a kimsak meihal biakpiakna ahih manin tua a ne a dawnte tungah Topa in thupha pia hi, cih upna hong khang hi.

 

Thu Upna Man lote

 

Gnostism: Gnosticste ngaihsutna panin a kilawng thei na khempeuh pen a nin hi-in, a kilawng thei lo mihing ngaihsutna leh lungsim bek mah a siangtho ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Pasian in leitung piangsak hi, cih leh Jesu pen mihing taktakin hong suak hi, cih pen sang thei lo uh hi. Gupkhiatna pen theihna panin kingah hi cih um uh a, Pasian in tua theihna kha Jesu Khris tungtawin hong pia hi, cih um uh hi. A kilawng thei limlim nate pen a siang loin koih uh ahih manin mihing’ pumpi thawhkikna pen um lo uh hi.

 

Marcion: Thuciam Thak sunga itna hau mahmah Pasian leh Thuciam lui sunga a ngongtat mahmah Pasian pen kibang thei lo ding hi, ci uh hi. Jesu in itna a hau mahmah leh a mi hoih mahmah Pasian hong lak ahih manin Jesu hong pai tawh kitonin Thuciam Lui sunga thukham khempeuh bei mang hi. Tham loin Jesu’ thukham pen Thuciam Lui sunga thukham sangin nakpi takin thupi zaw hi, ci hi. Tua ahih manin Thuciam Lui sang loin, Sawltak Paul laikhak 10te leh Luka’ gelh Lungdamna Thu bu teng bek pen Lai Siangtho in sang hi.

 

Montanism: Lai Siangtho sunga a kiciam Kha Siangtho pen Montanus sim loh a ngah kuamah om nai lo hi, ci hi. Amah bek mah tua Kha siangtho a ngah ahih manin ama’ gen leh kamsan’nate nakpi takin thupi sak uh hi. Leitung pen a bei ding hi ta ahih manin thungetna, antan’nate pi bawl ding; zi leh pasal neih loh zong pen kha thu lamsangah picin’na khat hi, ci uh hi.

 

Monarchianism: Jesu pen mihing hi lel a, ahi zongin amah pen siangtho lua mahmah ahih manin a kituiphum ciangin Kha Siangtho a tungah hong tu hi. Tua hun-a kipanin Jesu pen Messiah/Khris hong hi a, tua tawh kituakin na lamdang tampi tak hong sem hi. Amah pen Pasian hi loin, Pasian’ lim pian’ zia zong nei lo hi. Ahi zongin Pasian’ kha nei ahih manin Pasian in a tapa dingin sang hi, ci hi.

 

Sabelius: Pa, Tapa, leh Kha Siangtho pen a tuamtuam hi loin, mi khat bek mah hi a, thum bangin a kilang bek ahi hi. Tang lai-in Pasian pen Pa bangin kilangin, tua Pasian pen mah Thuciam Thak sungah Tapa bangin hong kilangin, tu in tua Pasian pen mah Kha Siangtho bangin hong kilang hi, ci hi.

 

Thuhilhna man lo leh upna man lote gah

 

Hih bang thuhilhna man lo leh upna man lote hong khan ciangin pawlpi’ vaihawmna khawmpite (councils) kisamin, tua thu-upna man lote nakpi takin kimawhpaih in, pawlpi sung panin kihawlkhia hi. Tua bek hi loin a laibu gelhte nangawn uh zong kihalmangsak hi. A leh lam ah hih thu-upna man lote lehdona dingin pawlpi thu upte kician takin pulak khiat hong kisam a, hih khawmpite sung mahin pawlpi’ thu uppite (creed) mipi khempeuh lotngah theih dingin a tomkimin gelhkhia zel uh hi. Hih tawh kitonin pawlpi sunga Lai Siangtho banga san’ ding leh biakpiak kikhopna sunga sim theih ding laibute koi teng ahi hiam, ci-in Khristian laibute khentuamna hong nei toto uh hi. Hih tungtawnin a sawt loin Thuciam Thak hong piangkhia hi.

 

Pawlpi sung ki-uk zia leh nasepna

 

Thuciam Thak sunga i muh bangin pawlpi kipat cil hun lai-in Kha Siangtho’ letsong a ngah siamna tuamtuam a neite pen pawlpi sungah madawk mahmah uh hi. Ahi zongin kum za lom nihna panin tua bang makaite pen hong tawm hiaihiai-in pawlpi in a teel leh a namkip siate in pawlpi mun poimawh teng hong luah toto uh hi. Ignatius in tual sunga pawlpi sungah Bishop, Pastor (presbyter), leh Upa (Deacons) om hi, ci hi. Tua mah bangin kum zalom nihna a bei kuan lamin pawlpi lian khempeuh in a lianpen dingin Bishop nei-in, a zom ah Pastorte, leh Upate cih bangin kikhen suk deudau hi. Bishopte pen Pastorte sung panin a kiteel hi a, Pastorte pen Bishopte in a guan uh hi a, Upate (deacons) pen Bishopte leh Pastorte in a guan uh ahi hi. Upate pen pawlpi sum leh paai zeekna, leh pawlpi sunga tanu nasep a semte ahi uh hi.

 

Pawlpi khempeuh pawlpi khat hi

 

Pawlpi kipat cil hun-a kipanin kum za nih sung bang tual sunga pawlpi khempeuh suakta takin omin, pawlpi dangte in uksawn cih bang om khol lo hi. Ahi zongin pawlpi hong khan tohtoh tawh kituakin pawlpi lian nih hong piang hi. Khat pen Rom gam ukna nuai-a pawlpi hi-in, a dang khat pen Persia gam uk nuai-a pawlpi ahi hi. 

 

Kum zalom thumna hong bei kuan ciangin khuapi khatah pawlpi a tam zawte in Bishop khat nei-in, pawl khat bang pen amau khuavengte tan dong a uk Bishop hunkhop om hi. Tua bang Bishopte leh khuapi lian sunga Bishopte pen hong vanglian mahmah uh hi. Ni tumna gam lamah Rome khuapi Bishop pen Pope hong hi-in, ni suahna lam Persia gam sunga pawlpi makai lianpen Catholicos cih min kipuasak hi. Bang hangin hih bangin pawlpite hong kigawmin makai khat nuai-ah hong om uh hiam i cih leh, a tunga i gen thuhilhna man lo leh upna man lo hong tam luatna hang a pawlpi vaihawmnate khawmpite tungtawnin a hong piang ahi hi.

 

Pawlpi Siate

 

Pawlpi makaite pen ordained vive hong hih uh tawh kitonin pawlpi siate leh mi nautangte kikal hong kigamla hiaihiai hi. Tua mah bangin a kigamla zaw ding leh pawlpi siate pen mi nautangte sangin a siangtho zaw ding kideih ahih manin pawlpi siate in zi a neih ding uh hoih lo hi, ci-in pawlpi sia a tolteen’ hong tam mahmah uh hi.

 

Tua leh nekkhawmna (communion) pen tanglai hun-a meihal biakna tawh a kibangin ngaihsun uh ahih manin tua nekhawmna a bawl siate zong siampi hi, cih ngaihsutna hong khang hi. Tua tawh kituakin siate in siampi’ puan a tuamin hong nei uh hi. Tua bek hi loin Bishopte pen tanglai a siampite banga Pasian leh mipite kikal-ah a ding siampite hi, cih ngaisutna hong om ahih manin Bishopte nakpi takin kipahtawi-in kizahtak hi.

_________________________________

 

 

 

Chapter 3

Rom Kumpi’ Nuai-a Pawlpi (313 - 590 A.D.)

 

Constantine ukpi za hong let khit nung a kipanin Khristiante dinmun leh pawlpi khangthu nakpi takin hong kilamdang hi. Khristian biakna pen kum za thum phial mahmah kumpi saan’ loh biakna ahih manin Khristiante in bawlsiatna nakpi takin na thuak uh hi. Tu-in kumpi theihpih biakna nam khat cih ciang bek hi nawn loin, kumpite mahmah tawh kipawlin pawlpi thu up thusante a kipanin pawlpi sung nasepnate ah kumpite in zong thu hong nei to pah uh hi. I theih dingin leitung bup pawlpi makaite kimuhkhopna masa pen – Nicea khawmpi zong ukpipa Constantine sap ahi hi.

 

Constantine leh Khristian Pawlpi

 

Khristiante pen tua zahtakin a kibawlsiat hangin kip semsem bek tham hi loin nak khan tektekin pung semsem uh ahih manin Constantine in Khristiante’ Pasian pen biakna dangte pasiante’ sangin vanglian zaw hi ding hi cih upna nei hi, kici hi. A nihna dingin, hih zahta-in khang pawlpi pen i do sangin pawl bawl zaw le’ng kimeet zaw ding hi cih ngaihsutna nei hi, a ci zong om hi. Tua leh, ama innsung mahmah ah a sanggamnu leh a nu zong Khristian suak uh ahih manin Khristiante pen hehpihna khat nei hi, kici hi. Tua bang teng kawmkalah tangthu kan pawl khatte in a gen uh ciangin, kumpi hong suah ding kuanin a gal dona ding zanin a mang sungah Singlamteh lim mu a, hih singlamteh lim tawh kalsuanin cihna awging khat za hi, kici hi. Tua ahih manin a laan (flag) a zat Mupi lim tangin Singlamteh lim hong zang a, tua a maangmuhna mah bangin lianin hong gualzo takpi hi, ci uh hi.

 

Constantine in ukpi hong hih ciangin Khristiante tungah hih a nuai-a hamphatnate pia pah hi:

1.      Bawlsiatna a beina dingin Milan Thukhunpi bawl hi (Edict of Milan, 313)

2.      Khristiante a deihsakna in Sunday (Nipini) leh 25 December pen khawl ni-in pulak hi

3.      Kumpi sum neihte tawh biakinn ding lamin, pawlpi sia cimawhte huh a, pawlpi siate’ tung pan siah la lo hi.

4.      A kumpi ciamtehna Mupi lim la khia-in Singlamteh lim in laih hi (Hih thu hangin mitam pitakin a kumpi gam pen Christian kumpi gam suaksak hi, ci liang uh hi)

5.      Pawlpi sung thu ah zong nakpi takin kibualin, pawlpi sunga kituah lohna tuamtuamte, a diakin thuhilhna man lo hanga pawlpi sunga buaina a ven’na dingin Pawlpi vaihawmna khawmpi (Ecumenical Council) sam liang hi.

 

Pawlpi in hih bangin kumpite’ deisakna leh angvanna a ngah ciangin pawlpi sunga a lut nuam mi hong tam mahmah hi. Bawlsiatna a suuk mahmah lai tawh kibang nawn het loin, a ut khempeuh lut ziahziah thei ta uh ahih manin Khristian suah zong pen hong baihlam mahmah hi. Ni dangin Khristian suah ding pen sih leh hin’ kikal thu hi a, tu ciangin hamphatna lianpi ngahna leh kumpite’ maipha ngahna bangin kingaihsun ta hi.

 

Constantine hong sih khit ciangin ama zalaih pa – Theodosisus I in ama’ ukna sunga om khempeuh pen Nicaea Council ah a kigen bang lian Khristian upna a san’na dingin kumpi thukhunpi khat hong suahkhia hi. Hih thu hangin ut leh ut loh thu hi nawn loin, a gam sunga om khempeuh in Khristian biakna a zuih uh hong kul hi. Hih tawh kizui-in, biakna dangte biakinn tampi tak leh milimte kisusia in, milim biakna pen Rom gam sungah AD 400 kiim pawlin kibeisak hi.

 

Khristian pawlpi pen kumpite gamtatna hang bek hi loin, pawlpi nasepna hangin zong nakpi takin hong khang hi. Kum zalom 4-5 sung bang khua sunga mi cimawh leh dongtuakte a huh taktak pen pawlpi mah ahi hi. Tua ahih manin mizawng daipam leh dongtuakte in pawlpi pen nakpi takin beel uh hi.

 

Rom gam pualam ah Khristian pawlpi a khanna thu

 

Hih hun sungin Europe gam ni tumna lamah pawlpi nakpi takin khang hi. Kum zalom ngana a bei kuanin Frank minamte a lomlomin Khristian suak uh a, a kumpinu leh a kumpipa uh zong Khristian hong suak hi. Tua bang kawmkal ah England gam sunga Khristian omsunte pen milim bia Anglo-Saxonte in nawh mang uh hi. Ahi zongin Scotland leh Ireland gam ah hih hun sungin Lungdamna Thu kipuak a, Ireland ah pawlpi thahat mahmah khat hong piang hi.

 

Ni tumna lam gamte ah pawlpi nakpi takin a khan mah bangin ni suahna lamah zong pawlpi nakpi takin khang hi. Ahi zongin ukpipa Constantine in Persian kumpipa a lai khakna khatah a gam sungah Khristian hun khoppi a om lam a theihna thu gen kha ahih manin Persia kumpipa in Khristiante in Rom tawh kicimatna nei dingin muangmawh a, hih thu hangin bawlsiat ding hong kipan hi. AD 339-379 sungin Persia gam sungah thu ummi 16,000 val bang martyr hi kici hi. Hih bawlsiatna a suk mahmah lai takin thu um mi innkuan 300-400 tang ding bang India gam Kerala hong tung uh a, tua lai-ah sawltak Thomas in a na phuh pawlpite tawh kizomin pawlpi lian mahmah hong suak uh hi. Tu ni dongin amaute pen St. Thomas Syrian Orthodox pawlpite kici uh hi.

 

Monastery hong kipatna

 

Khristian biakna pen kumpi biakna hong hih tawh kituakin a lomlomin mi tampi tak pawlpi sungah hong lut uh hi. Ni dangin bawlsiatna a nasiat mahmah hun lai-in pawlpi’ dinmun tawh kibang nawn loin pawlpi sung nakpi takin hong buah hi. Biakna a hahkat mahmahte adingin pawlpi sung leh biakinn sung pen kha gim nam nawn lo hi. Tua sangin khua sung panin pai khia-in khua pualam ah mi dangte tawh kisawh kha het loin thungetna, antan’na leh Pasian’ Thu lungngaihna hun-a zat ding lunggulhna lianpi hong nei uh hi. Tua bek hi loin nu leh pa omkhopna zong pen khami hih zawh lohna bangin a ngaihsun zong hun khoppi mah om ahih manin antan’na bek hi loin leitung ci leh sa lunggulhna limlim koih khiat ding ngaihsutna leh tol teen’ nopna lungsim a nei hong tam mahmah uh hi. Tua ahih manin biakna a uk mahmah mi tampi tak mi dangte tawh kisawh khak lohna ding mun khua pualam ah pai khia uh hi.  Jesu’ nungzui taktak dingte in leitung nopna teng leh ci leh sa deihna teng nutsiat kul hi, cih pen genpi in nei uh hi.

 

Hih banga tol teen’na leh om tuamna (monastic movement) pen Egypt gam sungah hong kipan hi. Anthony a kici mihausa mahmah khat in Matthat 19:21 a simna sung panin a neih a lamh khempeuh hawm khia-in zi nei lo ding leh leitung nate tawh kisawh kha nawn lo dingin hong khensat hi. A sawt loin, Egypt gam sunga gamkeu lakah amah bek va tolteen’ tuamin, a sawt loin mi dang pawl khatin va zom uh hi. Amaute in a sep bangbang uh sem khawmin, a neknek uh ne khawm uh a, puansilh kibang silhin, lup hun – thawh hun leh thunget hun leh biakpiakna neih hun ding kician sitset in nei uh hi.

 

Anthony pen monastery a phuankhia masa pen pa ahih hangin tu-in monastery a tam zaw in a etteh leh monastery hong khan taktakna pen Nursia khua mi Bennedict kicipa hang ahi hi. Anthony mah bangin mihau mahmah inn sung panin a khangkhia hi a, ahi zongin Rom gam sunga ginatlohna leh mite’ thanghuainate a muh ciangin gam sungah amah bek tawlpi khat sung va om hi. AD 529 kumin a neih a lamh khempeuh zuakin monastery hong pan a, tu ni dong a monastery tampi leh khami tampite in a zuih uh – Bennedict Thukham (Bennedict Rule) cih hong bawlkhia hi. Monastery ah a teng den thei dingte pen sian’thona (nu leh pa), zawn’na (neih leh lamh), leh thuman’na (a tungsiahte), cih nakpi takin zuihpih hi. Hih pen tu ni dongin Roman Catholic siate kiciamna ahi hi.

 

Monastery a hoihna leh a hoih lohna

 

Pawlpi sunga zat theih ding migina tampi tak monastery ah hong lut uh ciangin pawlpi tampi thanem lawh hi. Tham loin, innkuan leh khang gina mahmah a piangsak ding mi tampi tak zi leh pasal nei loin om mawk ahih manin khang hoih mahmah ding kimlai a bei suak mawk hi. Tua bek hi loin hih banga om tuamna leh tol teen’na in kha thu lamsangah kisaktheihna leh kiliatsakna lianpi hong tunin, sepna leh bawlna tawh Pasian maipha zon’na nakpi takin hong khang hi. Tua bek hi loin, pawlpi sungah kideidanna – kha tang-in a sang pawl, leh a nautang pawl cih bangin kikhenna hong omin, gina takin Pasian nung a zui dingte pen Monastery a omte bek hi, cih ngaihsutna hong piang hi. A nung ciangin hih monasteryte zangin Bishopte leh Pope tampite in amau angsung meetna ding leh politics tuamtuam saina phualpi suah uh hi.

 

A leh lamah Rom gam sung nakpi takin a buah lai takin hih monasteryte in Khristian nuntakna man na kemcing uh ahih manin a thupi mahmah khat suak hi. A khang a khang a mi cihmawh tampite in bukna in zang uh ahih manin mi tampi tak suahtak mun hong suak hi. Tua bek hi loin, Lai Siangtho sim leh laisim pen thupi sak mahmah uh ahih manin maban ah universityte hong pian’khiatna zong hong suak hi. Tua bek tham loin, pawlpi sunga sia ding leh missionary dingte kisinna munpi hong suakin Pawlpi sia minthang tampi tak piang khiasak hi.

 

Pawlpi Biakna

 

Biakinn: Bawlsiatna om nawn lo ahih manin biakinn ding kilam ziahziah a, biakpiakna pen biakinn sung vive hong hita hi. Biakinnte zong a hoih thei pen dingin kilam a, khua sunga inn thupi penpente hong hi pah hi.

 

Nipini: Ukpipa Constantine in Nipini pen biakpiakna dingin a namkip tawh kituakin biakpiakna leh pawlpi hun tuamtuam  sun tawntungin nei thei uh hi.

 

Nekkhawmna: Nekhawmna pen biakpiakna sung panin a siangtho pen biakpiakna hun bangin kingaihsun a, tanglai-a siampite in Pasian mai-a meihal biakna a piak bangun kingaihsun ta hi. Tua ahih manin pawlpi siate pen siampi bangin kikoihin a dinmun uh hong sang mahmah hi. Mipi lasakkhawmna leh Lai Siangtho simna banah a kidawng-a thungetnate hong kizang toto-in biakpiak kikhopna pen hong hi sitset ta hi.

 

Tuiphumna: Tuikiphum khit cianga khialhkik khak ding launa hangin tuiphumna pen mi tampi takin la nuam pah lo uh ahih manin tuikiphum ding mi hong kiam hiaihiai hi.

 

A dang: Ni dangin a kizang mengmeng lo thu upna leh ciin’ dan pawl khatte hih hun sungin hong khang hi. Pawpi sia si khinsate pen misiangtho (Saints) kitangsakin, amaute in Pasian mai-ah thu hong ngetsak thei hi, cih lungsim tawh mi siangthote’ kianga thungetna cih bang ciin’ dan thak hong piang hi. Tua bek hi loin, Topa Jesu nu Mary zahtakna leh thupisakna nakpi takin hong khangin Mary pen Pasian’ nu cih min pia-in misiangthote sungpanin a siangtho penin ngaihsun uh hi. Mi siangthote’ guh leh tang leh pumpite banah a puansilh luite uh zong a siangtho mahmahin kingaihsun a, tham loin tuate in vangliatna nei hi, cih ngaihsutna nei uh ahih manin tuate lim takin kem uh hi. Hih thu hang mahin mun siangtho ah biakna pia dingin khualzinna (pilgrimage) hong khang hi.  Tua teng banah barbarianste in milim leh lim tuamtuam biakinn sungah hong pualut uh ahih manin biakinn sungah milim tampi tak kisuang hi.

 

Augustine in Rome laikhak a lian 5na pansanin mihing mawhna lianpen in Adam panin luahsuk mawhna ahi hi, cih nakpi takin hong tangko hi. Hih thu hangin naungekte pen tui a kiphum kei leh tua luahsuk mawhna tawh khangkhia ding, tua bek hi loin si leh vantung gam tung lo ding uh ahih manin naupangte tuiphumna neih ding nakpi takin hong tangko hi.

 

Thuhilhna man lo leh upna man lo

 

Pawlpi nakpi takin hong khan tawh kituakin, Khristian thu upnate zong mipil misiamte teltheih ding leh san’ theih ding ngaihsutna tawh Pasian’ thu thuktak kan nopna lungsim hong khang hi. Hih tawh kitonin a beisa hunin pawlpite in ln tak leh mawl takin a up ziauziau a san’ ziauziau thu tampite a kip a kawi a hilh ciat ding hong ngaihsun uh hi. Pawl khat pen a kip a kawi-a a hilhciat nop luat na lam un, a thuhilh uh pen pawlpi’ thu-up ngeina leh Sawltakpite’ thuhilhte tawh hong kituak nawn lo hi. Tua bang thuhilhna man lote’ hangin pawlpi vaihawmna khawmpi khawng kisamin, tua lai-ah thuhilhna man lote kimawhsakin, a thuhilhte leh a nungzuite uh zong pawlpi sung panin kihawlkhia hi.

 

Arius thuhilhna man lo leh Nicea Khawmpi

 

Alexandria khua-a pawlpi sia khat Arius kicipa in Sawltakpite’ thuhilh dan tawh a kituak lo thuhilhna tuampi khat hong nei-in pawlpi tampi tak thuzawh hi. A thuhilhna a tomin hih bang ahi hi:

1.      Khris pen tangtawng pek panin a om khinsa hilo a, kipatna nei-in, a om loh hun om hi

2.      Amah pen na khempeuh sung panin a kipiangsak masa pen hi a, ama tungtawnin na dang khempeuh kipiangsak hi

3.      Tua ahih manin Pa leh Khris pen kibang thei lo hi, tham loin Pa in a pian’sak ahih manin Pa sangin Tapa pen neu zaw hi.

4.      Tapa pen Pasian ahih theihna pen a sian’thona leh Pa’ thu a man’na hang bek ahi hi’

 

A sawt loin Arius pen a Bishop – Bishop Alexander in mawhsakin pawlpi sung panin hawlkhia hi. Ahi zongin Arius in a thu up pen sak theih dingin la-in bawl a, tua bek hi loin khuapi dang a Bishop tampi tak pawlbawlin thuzawh hi. Hih thu hangin Egypt gam sungah pawlpi tampi tak hong buai hi. Ukpipa Constantine in pawlpi tampi tak buai hi, cih a hong theih ciangin hih vai a sian’ theihna dingin ama ukna sunga Bishop khempeuh Niceae khuapi ah June 19 panin August 25 dong (AD 325) vaihawmna nei dingin sam hi. Hih pen pawlpi khempeuh kimuhkhop cilna leh hih zahin a lian pawlpi kimuhkhopna a khat veina ahi hi.

 

Hih khawmpi ah Bishop Alexander pai thei lo ahih manin ama taangin pawlpi Upa Athanasius in thu sung hi. Athanasius in Jesu pen tangtawn hn lai pek panin Pa tawh om khawm a, amau gel pen a sunggil taktak ah khat hi uh a, ahi zongin a pian’ zia uh leh a gamtat dan uh tuam hi, ci hi. Tua ciangin Athanasius’ thugenna pawlpi thu up ngeina tawh kituak zaw hi, cih sangkim uh ahih manin Arius pen mawhtangsakin, amah leh a thu uppih mi pawl khatte gamdang ah sawl mang uh hi. Ahi zongin Athanasius’ hilhcianna zong pen Sebelliante thuhilhna (Pa, Tapa, Kha Siangtho mi khat bek) tawh hong kibang pian ahih manin a sawt loin mi tampi takin a thuhilhna sang zo lo uh hi.  Tua bek hi loin, Constantine’ ukna hun a bei khitin ukpipa in Arius’ thuhilhna san’ tak sa zaw ahih manin Athanasius mahmah zong pawlpi sung panin hawlkhia hi. Ahi zongin hih Niceae khawmpi-a Athanasius’ thugen pen mah pawlpi vaihawmna khawmpi tuamtuamte (Council of Sardica 343, Synod of Antioch 345) ah damdamin kikip sakkik hi. AD 381 Constantinopole vaihawmna ah Cappadocian pupite (Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, leh Gregory of Nasianzus) in Nicea khawmpi-a thu upna pen Sawltakpite’ thuhilhna leh pawlpi thu up leh zuih ahihna siam takin hong pulak khiat uh tawh kituakin Arius thuhilhna pen guallel dikdek hi. Hih tawh kitzui-in Niceae khawmpi-a thu upna bangin Jesu pen za ah za mihing ahihna leh za ah za mah Pasian ahihna pen pawlpi thu upna bulpi hong suak hi.

 

Chalcedon khawmpi-a a kimawhsak Thuhilhna man lo dangte

 

Constantinopole khawmpi leh Chalcedon khawmpi kikalin thu upna man lo pawl khat hong piang khia leuleu hi. A khatna pen Laodice Bishop – Apollinarius’ thuhilhna ahi hi. Amah pen Arius nakpi takin a lehdo khat mah hi a, Alexandria sanginn panin a khangkhia khat ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Jesu pen Pasian taktak ahihna nakpi takin tangko-in, mihing ahihna pen neuseek mahmah hi. “Jesu in mihing lungsim leh pumpi a neih zenzen hangin a kha pen THU (logos) hi a, tua Pasian’ THU pen mihingte’ sa leh si sungah hong om ciangin tua pumpi mahmah pen Pasian hong suak hi. Tua ahih manin Jesu pen mihing taktak kici thei lo hi,” ci hi. Hih Apollinarius’ thuhilhna pen 362 kum a Alexandria Synod ah kithalnialin, 381 kum-a Constantinople khawmpi ah mawh kitangsakin hi.

 

A lang khat lamah Constantinople pawlpi makai lianpen Nestorius in Antioch sanginnte’ ngeina bangin Jesu mihing ahihna pen a Pasian hihna sangin ultungsak zaw hi. “Nupate a kiteen’ uh ciangin pumkhat ahih zenzen uh hangin a pasal hihna uh leh a numei hihna pen uh bei tuan lo hi. Tua mah bangin Jesu sunga om mihing pen leh Pasian pen a tuamtuakin pai hi. Tua ahih manin Jesu’ nu Mary pen Pasian nu kici thei lo ding hi,” ci-in nakpi takin nial hi. Alexandria Bishop Cyril leh Nestorius pen thuneih a kituh niloh khat hi a, hih banga Nestorius in thu hong sun’ ciangin Cyril in zong a pawl ding zongin AD 430 kum a Rome khawmpi ah Nestorius mawh tangsak dikdek hi. A kum kik ciangin Cyril makaihna nuai-ah Ephesus khawmpi-a Nestorius pen ahihna panin kitawpsakin a sih dong Egypt gam ah a bu mang dingin kihawlkhia hi. Ahi zongin a thuhilhna pen Persia kumpi nuai-a pawlpite leh tu lai takin Orthodox pawlpite in len den uh hi.

 

Hih a tunga i gente gel banah a sawt loin Nestorian’ thuhilhna langpang dingin Constantinople panin Eutyches hong kipan kik leuleu hi. “Jesu Khris leitungah mihing bangin hong pian’ ma-in pian’ zia nam nih nei hi. Ahi zongin mihing hong suah khit ciangin tua pian’ zia nihte gel pen hong kigawm khawmin a tawpna ah Pasian’ pian’ zia bek hong suak hi. Tua ahih manin Khris in pian’ zia khat bek mah nei a, tua pen Pasian pian’ zia ahi hi, ci hi.” A sawt loin a tunga omte mah bangin Eutyches zong kimawhsakin, AD 451 Chalcedon khawmpi ah nakpi takin kidem hi.

 

Hih hun sunga pawlpi kipawlna leh kalsuanzia

 

Pawlpi khat hihna lungsim hong khanna: Hih bangin pawlpi vaihawmna khawmpi tuamtuamte leh pawlpi thu-up bulpite suahkhiatna a vangkim in a hong om toh niloh ciangin pawlpite pen pawlpi khat nuai-a a kikhai ahihna hong kilang tektek hi. Hih khawmpite a vaihawmte pen Bishop vive hi uh a, hih bangin a kimuhkhop uh ciangin pawlpi khempeuh a kimukhawm bangin kingaihsun hi. Hih tawh kituakin Bishopte’ thuneihna zong hong khang semsem a, khuapi lian sunga Bishopte bang pen biakna thu bek hi nawn loin leitung vaihawmna lamah zong thu hong nei mahmah uh hi. A diakdiakin Rome khua-a Bishopte pen Sawltakpi Peter khutngakna nuai-a a kiluahsuksuk ahih manin ci-in Bishop dang khempeuh sanga a sang zaw leh vanglian zaw-in kituat uh hi. A tunga i gen bangin pawlpi vaihawmna khawmpi lian leh khawmpi neu a vangkim in om kinken a, tua khawmpite in pawlpite up ding leh zuih ding thukhunpite bawlpha-in puahpha thei zel uh hi.

 

AD 381 kum a Constantinople khawmpi ah Rome Bishop pen Bishop dang khempeuhte’ sangin a lianpen ahihna leh a zom ah Constantinople Bishop a lianpen ahihna lenkip uh hi. Hih khawmpi ah Thuciam Thak laibu 27te sim loh laibu dang peuhmah Lai Siangtho banga biakinn sungte ah zat nawn loh dingin pulakna nei uh hi.

___________________________________

 

 

 

Chapter 4

Pawlpi thanem mahmah hun (6^th – 11^th Century)

 

Kum zalom 6-11 kikal hun sung pen leitung vaihawmna a kipanin biakna lamah Rom ukna nuai-a om gamte nakpi takin a niamkiat mahmah hun ahih manin khangtangthu kante in hih hun pen Khumial Hun (Dark Ages) na ci uh hi. Hih hun pen Europe gam sungah sa leh gal a tam mahmah hun hi a, pawlpi sung zong nakpi takin a buah mahmah hun ahi hi. Tua bang kawmkal ah ni suahna lam panin Mohammad’ (570-632) makaihna tawh Islam biakna thak hong piang a, hih biakna in namsau zangin gam hong keek toto in kum za khat sungin Arab gam khempeuh, Egypt, Africa leilu lam gam khempeuh, Palestine, Syria leh Spain dong hong la uh a, Asia minor khempeuh zong la uh hi. Tua ahih manin ni suahna lam Rom gam pen neu tektekin, a tawpna ah Constantinople (Istanbul) leh a kiim a kianga khua teng bekmah hong hi hi.

 

Rome khua Barbarians (Germans) khut sungah a tuk khit nung Rome khuapi pen a ngei bang kik zo ngei nawn lo hi. Hih gam uk thakte (Barbarianste) in ni dangin Rom gam ki-uk dante zui loin ngongtatna tawh vaihawm uh ahih manin kuamah in ni danga Romte’ thukhamte leh a ngeinate zui thei nawn lo uh hi. Vaihawmna kician mel a om loh ciangin ni dang hun bang nawn loin daihna leh nopnate om nawn lo a, Rome ukna gamsung khempeuh pen nakpi takin hong niamkiat hi.

 

Tua banga Rome gam sungah vaihawm kician a hong om nawn loh ciangin France gam ah kumpi thahat mahmah Charlemagne hong khang hi. Hun tomno sungin gam zapi hong keekin, Germante gam-a kipanin Spain gam dong leh ni tumna lam Atlantic tuipi-a kipan ni suahna lam Italy dongah a gam hong keek hi. Pope Leo III in AD 800, Christmas ni-in Rom gam ukpipa dingin Charlemagne kumpi lukhu khusak hi. Amah pen Rom gam a satsuahkikpa bangin kingaihsunin, ni dangin Rom ukpite bangin kikoih a, tua tawh kituakin Rome khua pen a kumpi phualpi khatin koih hi. Ahih hangin amah a sih tawh kituakin a kumpi gam zong bei hi. Ahi zongin a sih khit kum 200 dektak khit nungin German kumpi Otto-I in Charlemagne’ gam neih khempeuh hong ngah kik ciangin amah pen Rome gam ukpipa dingin AD 962 kumin Pope in kipsak hi. Hih kumpi gam pen A Siangtho Rome Gamuk (Holy Roman Empire) kici a, Napolean in 1801 kum in a beisak dongin kum zalom tampi tak Europe  a thunei pen ahi hi.

 

Pope Hong Khanna

 

AD 590  kum in Rome khuapi  Bishop dingin Gregrory I a kisiansuah tawh kitonin Rome gam sunga pawlpite pai zia nakpi takin hong kilamdang hi. Amah pen gamtat-khuahei ah a paubaang het lo pawlpi makai khat ahih banah maban ding saupi tak a mukhol leh a ciim mahmah pawlpi makai khat ahi hi. Laigelh leh lasak zong siamin, pawlpi sungah tuate nakpi takin tha pia hi. Mission nasep zong uk mahmah a, mun tuamtuam ah missionary sawl hi. Ama’ ngaihsutna ah Rome pawlpi pen Sawltakpite’ luangkikhamna leh Sawltakpite in a khut mahmah ngiat uh nga-in pawlpi makai ding a sehna mun uh ahih manin, Rome Bishopte pen Bishop dangte tawh kibang thei lo hi, ci hi. Tua tawh pna tawh kituakin ama’ Bishop hihna huam sunga mite bek en loin, gam tuamtuam a pawlpite zong a vaan zawh zahzahin vaan ding hong hanciam hi. Gaul, Spain, Britain, Africa leh Italy gam sunga pawlpi khempeuh pen ama nuai-a om bangin ngaihsun hi. Rome gam uk ni tumna lamah hih thu a dem ngam Bishop khat beek om lo hi. Tua ahih manin amah pen pawlpi khempeuh’ Pa (pope) cih min kipia hi. Gam sung kivaihawmna vai, pawlpi thu, Lai Siangtho thu, leh Pasian thuthuk (Theology) a siam mahmah khat ahih manin pawlpi thu upna bulpite zong kician tak leh kitel takin khilkhawmin lemtuah a, pawlpi zong gam sung vaihawmna vai-ah a thanei mahmah khatin koih hi. 

 

A tunga i gensa mah bangin Barbarians kicite’ khut sung panin Rom a tuk ciangin khua sung ki-ukna makai kician zong om lo uh hi. Hih bang hunin mite’ mitsuan pen pawlpi makaite ahih manin damdamin Rom pawlpi makaite hong thahat tektek hi. Tua bek loin, Rom khuapi-a pawlpi makaite in thuman thutang din’pih ngam uh ahih manin gam uk makai gina lote zong hangsan takin dem ngam uh hi. Tua bek hi loin Pope in mi khat pawlpi panin a khalna a piak ciangin – hell tung ding zahin ngaihsun uh ahih manin Popete pen vanglian semsem uh hi.

 

Ni Suahna lam leh Ni Tumna lam gam Pawlpite’ Kikhenna

 

Rome Bishop leh Constantinople Patriachte pen a kipat cil panin thu khatin luangkhawm ngei lo uh hi. Hih khuapite gel pen ni suahna lam Rom kumpite tutphahna leh ni tumna lam Rom kumpite tutphahna ahih manin kumpi vai-ah zong kidem niloh uh hi. AD 867 kumin Contantinople Patriach’ makaihna nuai-a pawlpi vaihawmna khawmpi ah Pope  nawhkhia uh hi. 1054 kum in zong ni suahna lam pawlpi makai lianpen (Patriah of Constantinople) in ni tumna lam pawlpite in nekkhawmna ah silngo sawh loh anlum zang uh hi, ci-in mawhsak hi. Hih thu kinialna hong sang tektekin a tawpna ah Rome pawlpite in palai sawlin, Constantinople biakinnpi (Haggia Sophia) ah Constaninople Patriach pawlpi panin a kihawlkhiatna thu va sim khia uh hi. Ni suahna lamte in zong hih thu hangin manlang takin vaihawmna khawmpi khat samin tua khawmpi ah ni tumna lamte’ Pope leh a nungzui khempeuh pawlpi sung panin a nawhkhiatna uh pulak uh hi. Hih kinawhkhiatna pen December ni 7, 1965 kumin kisutkhia pan hi.

 

Pawlpi nihte’ kikhenna a hang tampi kawm kalah a pi diak teng hih a nuai-a teng ahi hi:

1.      Ni tum lamna gam-a pawlpi biaknate ah Latin pau kizangin, ni suahna lam pawlpite ah Greek kizang hi. 

2.      Rome khuapi hong cip tawh kitonin ni tumna lam gam ah ukpi kician hong om nawn loh ciangin Bishopte hong vanglian mahmah uh a, leitung vai-ah zong thu nei mahmah uh hi. Ni suahna lam pawlpite pen a cik a cikin ukpite in nakpi takin thuneih khum uh hi.

3.      Rome Bishopte in Sawltakpite’ hangin Bishop dang khemepeuhte’ sangin vanglian zaw a kicih den keei pen uh ni suahna lam Bishopte in sang thei vet lo uh hi

4.      Ni tumna lam gam ah siampite pen a zi neih uh ding kiphal lo a, ni suahna lam pawlpite ah bel Bishop ding ahih kei buang uh leh zi neih ding kiphalsak hi

5.      Ni tumna am gamte in NICEA  thu upna ah Kha Siangtho pen Tapa’ sawl cih sang uh a, ni suahna lam pawlpite in Pa leh Tapa sawl hi, ci-in pang cinten uh hi

6.      Ni tumna lam gam biakinnte ah milim tuamtuam tampi kisuang a, ni suahna lam pawlpite in biakinn sungah tua bangte suang lo uh hi.

 

Pawlpi sung

 

Hih hun sung pen sa leh gal a tam banah pawlpi makaite kikal ah buaina a om niloh manin pawlpi sung zong nakpi takin keu-in thanemsak hi. Pawlpi’ nasepte pen a ngeina dan bang lelin pai-in, biakna zong ngeina dan khat mawkmawk bangin pai hi.

 

Pawlpi siate in khuaphawk mahmah lo uh a, a nasep ding uh zong don mel lo uh hi. Pawlpi in sum leh paai ah hau mahmah ahih manin siate in zong leitung nopsaknate bek lunggulhin a gamtatnate uh zong thanghuai mahmah hi. Pope a kipanin Bishop leh pawlpi siate in a hihna uh mimal leh innkuan meetna dingin nak zat mahmah uh hi. Pope leh Bishopte pen ukpite leh gam uk makaite khut nuai-ah om uh hi. Ukpite in a utpeuh uh Pope leh Bishop dingin guang ziauziau uh hi.

 

Mipite zong a makaite uh mah bangin a min a Khristian vive hi khin uh a, biakna hahkat tawm mahmah hi. Lungsim kikheelna om lo a kumpite thuman’na hanga Khristian suah pen a kiman’na om lo hi.  Tua bek hi loin a milim biakna ngeina pawl khat biakinn sungah hong pua lut uh a, tuate in biakna nakpi takin buahsak hi. Mite in Pasian kiangah tang takin thu ngen ngam nawn loin a mi siangtho kibiakte’ tungtawnin ngen uh hi. Biakinn sung nangawn ah Lai Siangtho in mun tang zo nawn lo ahih manin Pasian thu-in khuasung leh gamsung vaihawmna leh gamtatnate ah thu nei zo nawn lo hi. Tua sangin tanglai thuciin’ gina lo tampi tak um zawsop uh a, biakna pen ngeina zuihna bang lelin nei uh hi.

_________________________________

 

 

 

Chapter 5

Popete a vangliat mahmah hun 1054-1305

 

1054-1305 kikal pen Popete’ vangliat mahmah hunin kiciamteh hi. Pope Hidelbrand in hih hun sungin A Siangtho Rom Ukna Gam (Holy Roman Empire) ukpite thuzawh mahmah a, ama’ zawh a Pope Innocent III in zong kumpi neuneute thuzawh mahmah hi. Tua bek tham loin laisinna sanginn liante’ (university) thuhilhna tuamtuamte hangin Pope thuneihna khangsak semsem a, monasteryte bang zong Popete in a hong etcik leh thuneih khum uh tawh kituakin Popete thumang ding leh sawl zangkhai ding siampi (phungzi) tampi a piangkhiasak hong suak uh hi.

 

Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand)

 

Hildebrand in Pope za a let ma pekin Popete’ thuneihna dingin na tampi tak na sem khin hi. Ni dangin Rom Bishopte (Pope) pen mipi mahmah in na teel uh hi. Ahi zongin hun bang tan hiam a kipanin ukpite in Pope teelna tawh kisai-ah thu hong nei mahmah uh hi. Hildebrand in Cardinal panmun a hong let ciangin Pope kiteelna ah gam uk makaite leh Ukpite in thu a neih ding uh deih loin, Popete a sih ciangin Cardinalte’ thukimte bek mah tawh mipi in teel thei ding hi, cih thukhun hong bawl hi (Lateran Counil 1059). Hih thu tawh kituakin Pope kiteelna pen pawlpi siate’ khut sungah hong om a, ni dang bangin mi dangte kigolh thei nawn lo uh hi.

 

Pope  Nicholas II a sih khit ciangin mipite mahmah in – “Hildebrand pen Bishop hi hen,” a cih uh ciangin Cardinals-te in zong thukimpih pah uh a, 1073 kumin Pope Gregory VII min la-in Pope hong suak hi. Pope za hong let ciangin pawlpi pen kumpite’ thuneihna nuai-ah a om ding deih loin kumpite pen pawlpi makaite khut nuai-a a omna dingin nakpi takin pan hong la hi. Tua mah bangin mi khatpeuhin pawlpi tungah a thuneih theihna ding ciin’ dan leh ngeina tuamtuam omsate khat khit khat phiat ding hong kipan pah hi. Ama’ ngaihsutna ah Pawlpi pen Pasian cih loh buangin thuneih khum thei lo ahih mah bangin Pasian in a pawlpi makai dingin a guan’ Pope pen Bishop khempeuh, pawlpi sia khempeuh, leh kumpite khempeuh tunga thunei ding ahi hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh Pawlpi pen Pasian’ ukna hi a, tua Pasian’ ukna pen leitunga kipawlna khempeuh tunga thunei ding ahi hi, ci hi. Tua bek hi loin Roman pawlpi pen Lai Siangtho gen bangin khial thei lo hi, cih ngaihsutna nei hi. 

 

Pope Inncocent III

 

Hildebrand (Gregory VII) a sih khit ciangin Innocent III in Pope za hong len a, ama’ khan sung pen Popete’ vangliat mahmah hun hi ci-in kiciamteh hi. Ama’ ngaihsutna ah Popete pen Pasian leh mihing kikal ah ding ahih manin Popete pen mihing khempeuh sangin lian zaw a, Pasian sangin tawm bang neu zaw bek hi. Pope pen leitung vannuai-a a vanglian pen ahih mah bangin a utut kumpi suaksakin, a ut leh kumpite zong a tokhom panin khiasuk thei hi, cih ngaihsutna nei hi.  Rom Bishop pen Peter’ zalaihpa hi a, Peter I cih ciangin Topa Jesu in vantung tawhtang a piakpa ahi hi, cih ngaihsutna nei hi. Tua bang ngaihsutna nei ahih manin ama hun lai-a kumpi lian mahmah France gam kumpite leh England gam kumpite a khut nuai-ah kunsak hi. A thu a man’ loh uh ciangin a gam sunga biakinn khempeuh khakcipin, biakpiaknate khempeuh khawlsakin, misite nangawn pawlpi hanmual ah vui sak lo hi. Ukpite a kisik ciang bekin tua bang khalna teng lakhia pan bek hi.

 

Kum zalom 12-13 kikal sungin ni tumna lam Europe gamte pen tua bangin Rom pawlpi in ukcip hi. A Siangtho Rom Ukna Gam a kilaih hun dingin Federick leh Ottote kikal buaina ah Federick gum a, Federick pen ukpi dingin guang hi.

 

Pope Boniface VII leh Popete’ Zakiatna (1294-1303)

 

Boniface VII Pope hong hih ciangin France kumpi Philip leh England Kumpi Edward tawh tam veipi hong kinawktuah uh hi. Crusade sunga a sum a paai beisak leh paihkhiat uh tam lua mahmah ahih manin ni danga a ciin’ ngei loh uh pawlpi siate tungah siah don’ ding hong kipan uh a, hih in Pope nakpi takin thangpaisak hi. Pope hong heh ciangin Kumpi Edward in pawlpi siate dan pua-ah koih in Pope tawh a kizopna nangawn khawlsakin khalna pulak khum hi. Tua mah bangin Philip in zong Pope tunga siah a kipia ding khempeuh khawlsak hi. Tua bang kawmkal ah Pope’ kiang panin palai hong paite pen Philip in France gam susia nuamin a hong pai hi ci-in thong sungah na khum hi. Pope in khahkhia dingin a sawl hangin mang tuan lo hi. Tua ciangin Pope Bonafice in zong lai bawlin hotkhiatna leh mawhmaina pen pawlpi pualam ah om lo hi. Tua ahih manin tua hotkhiatna pen pawlpi makai ahi Pope sungah om hi, ci-in lai suah hi. Ahih hangin Philip in hih lai pen thupi simsak tuan lo hi. 

 

Pope Bonafice a sih khit ciangin Clement V in Pope za hong len a, Pope zumpi pen Rom panin France gam sung Avignon ah 1309 kumin ah tuah phei hi. Hih thu hangin France kumpite in Popete tungah thu nakpi takin hong nei toto uh a, Pope Innocent’ hun lai-a a thuneihna tampi tak mansuah uh hi.

 

Pawlpi Galdona (Crusades)

 

Crusades i cih ciangin tanglai-a Khristiante leh Muslimte Jerusalem kituhna hanga kidonate genna ahi hi. 1096 leh 1291 kikalin hih biaknate gel kikalah gal kidona lian mahmah giat vei tak om hi.

 

Kum zalom 11na sungin Central Asia gam panin Seljuk Turks (tu-in Turkey minam i cihte) mite in hun tomcik sungin Arab gam khempeuh la-in tua khit ciangin Asia minor leh Palestine gam dong hong luahsuk uh hi. Hih minamte pen ni dang lai-a Arab minamte sangin zong ngongtat zaw uh ahih manin Europe gam panin biakna pia dingin mun siangtho ah a va zinmite in haksatna tampi tuak uh hi. Tua bek hi loin ni suahna lam-a Khristiante munpi Constantinople (Istanbul) a hong nawk toh uh ciangin, a kumpite in ni tumna lam-a a Khristianpihte’ tungah huhna hong ngen uh hi. Tua ciangin ni tumna lam gam kumpite zong mawk om thei tuan nawn lo uh hi. 1095 kum in Clermont’ vaihawmna khawmpi ah Pope Urban II in Constantinopole huh ding vai leh gam siangtho – Palestine hu-in humbit ding thu hong tangko khia hi.  Tua ciangin mipite in Pasian in phasa hi, ci-in gal kuanin gal do ding hong khensat uh hi. France, Germany, Hungary leh Balkan gam panin lokho mi tampi tak Palestine manawh in hong kuan uh hi. Ahi zongin kipawlna kiciantak nei lo uh ahih manin Constantinople a khen khit uh a sawt loin Asia minor gam sung tengah tampi tak mangthang uh hi. 

 

Tua khit a sawt loin France, Belgium, Norway leh Italy panin galkap honpi khat kuansuk leuleu uh a, 1097 kum kiim in Constantinople tungsuk uh hi. 1098 kumin Syria gam-a Antioch la-in, June 15, 1099 kumin Jerusalem khuapi va la zo uh hi. Crusades gal do dinga kuante in Jerusalem ah ki-ukna bawlin Jerusalem leh Europe kikal a gam siangtho zinte a cing ding leh Jerusalem a kem dingin galhang – the Knight Templers leh Hospitallers kicite phuankhia uh hi.

 

A sawt loin Muslimte in Jerusalem va luhkik zom thithe uh ahih manin amaute a huh dingin 1146 kumin France kumpi leh Rom Gam ukte in a nih veina crusade dingin Palestine zuanin kuankhia leuleu uh hi. Ahi zongin hih crusade ah Khristian galkapte lawhsam uh a, Muslimte makaipipa Salladin in Jerusalem la hi.

 

Crusade a thumna (1189-92) pen Kumpite crusade kici a, France gam kumpi Philip Augustus, Richard of England leh Rom ukpipa Fredrick’ makaihna tawh kuankhia uh hi. Amau teng lamkal ah kitawng suk malam uh ahih manin Philip lamkal ah nungkik a, Federick tuikia in si hi. Richard bek Palestine va tung a, ahi zongin Jerusalem va la zo lo hi. Jesuralem a lak zawh loh hangin mun siangtho a khualzin mite bangmah a kilawh lohna dingun Salladin tawh thukimna khat bawl hi.

 

Crusade thumna a lawhcin’ loh ciangin Pope Innocent III thangpai mahmah ahih manin khat vei a kuan kikna ding - Egypt gam tawnin a kuanna dingun thu pia hi. Federick II in Jerusalem, Bethlehem leh Nazareth leh tuipi gei-a khuate Khristiante khut nuai-ah koih hi. 

 

1212 kumin Europe gam mun tuamtuam panin naupang kum 10-18 kikal mi 12,0000 khawng kikaikhawmin gam siangtho la dingin hong kuan khia uh hi. A makaipipa uh Stephen pen kum 12 bek pha pan hi. Lamkal ah tampi tak gilkialinpuksi h a, a nungta lai sunsun teng sila dingin kiman hi.

 

1271 kumin England kumpi Edward khat vei va kuankik hi. 1291 kumin Mamlukh Muslimte’ in a galsatna dingun a bawl uh khuapi thak Acre la a, tua tawh crusades bei hi. 1291 khit crusade neuneu pawl khat a om tei sam hangin a tungate zahin thawm nei zo nawn lo hi.

 

Crusade Gah Pawl khatte

1.      Europe gam ah lo neimi tampi tak Crusade panin hong ciah nawn lo uh ahih manin a lote uh kizuakin, ni danga lo neimite’ thuneihna (feudalism) nakpi takin hong kiam hi.

2.      Crusade in ni suahna lam leh ni tumna lam gam nihte kikal leh pawlpite’ kikalah siatna lianpi piangsak hi.

3.      Ni tumna lam-a Popete’ thuneihna khangsak semsem a, tua mah bangin Popete in zong a thuneihna uh hong zang khial toto uh hi.

4.      Crusade hangin Europe gam sungah Arab mite ngeina leh gamtatnate sin nopna nakpi takin hong khang hi

5.      Muslim leh Khristiante kikal kigamla sak semsem ahih manin Muslimte lakah Lungdamna Thu tangko ding hong haksa semsem hi.

6.      Monastery tampi tak-a siampite’ nuntakna bek hi loin gal dona sinna munpi hong suak hi. Pawlpi min tawh galkap – Knight Templers leh Knights Hospiallers cihte hong piangkhia hi.

 

Pawlpi thu upna leh thu ciin’ thak pawl khat

 

1.      Mawh Pulakna: Pawlpi mi khatin peel loin kum khat beek siampite kiangah a mawhna uh a va pulak teitei ding

2.      Mawhna hanga sep ding: A mawhna uh maisakna dinga a mawhna uh tawh kituakin sep ding mawhpuak (antanna, mun siangtho a zinna, mi cimawhte huhna) piak ding

3.      Siampite leh Pawlpi’ thuneihna: Pawlpi in na khempeuh hen thei leh khahkol thei ahih mah bangin mite’ mawhna maisak thei-in zong hentangsak thei hi. Tua ahih manin Siampite in Pasian leh pawlpi taangin mawh a kipulakte mawhna maisak thei hi.

4.      Misite kha kisiansuahna (purgatory): Misite a sih khit ciangin vantung ah kahto pah lo uh a, kha siansuahna munah pai masa uh hi. Tua lai-ah a beisa hunin misiangthote in a kha uh siansuahin, tua ciang vantung ah kah pan uh hi

5.      Mawhmaisakna lei theih: Misite kha a kisiansuah hun sunga gimthuaknate panin kipelh theihna dingin gamtat hoih kisam hi.  Hih pen gamtat hoih bek tawh hi loin sum mahmah tawh zong lei theih hi. Hih pen eima mimal ading bek hi loin a si khinsate ading nangawn zong kileisak thei hi. Hih mawhmaisakna pen crusades kuan khempeuh kipia hi.

6.      Thu upna man lote tunga thukhenna: Thu upna man lo leh pawlpi tawh kituak lote pen hih thukhenna kithuaksakin, hih hun sungin numei kamsang tampi tak dawinei (witch) hi ci-in mei tawh kihallum a, “with-hunting” kici a nasiat mahmah hun ahi hi.

7.      Pawlpi zekpite: Pawlpi’ zekpi (sacraments) nih bek hi nawn loin sagih tak pha hi. Tuate pen tuiphumna, nekhawmna, kiteen’na, siampite namkipna, tuikiphum khinsate pawl sunga laklutna, mawhmaisakna dinga nasepte, leh sathau nilhnate ahi hi.

8.      Biakpiakna leh Nekkhawmna: Nekhawmna pen biakpiakna sungah a siangtho pen hun hi a, nekkhawmna a kibawl simin Jesu’ pumpi kibalkhamin, a sisan kiluangsak a, tua a ne a dawnte in kha leh taksa damna ngah uh hi. Jesu’ sisan pen a pumpi sung uh-ah om ahih manin, mipite pen a pumpi bek mah kipia hi.

 

Thuhilhna hun pen hunpi in kingaihsun nawn lo bek tham loin kithupi ngaihsut mel nawn lo hi. Mi siangthote biakna leh a van luite uh kepcingna pen kithupi ngaihsut mahmah hi. Siampite’ vangliatnate khang semsem ahih manin amaute pen Pasian leh mihingte kikal-a palai na a sem bangin kingaihsun hi. Biakinnte pen a thupi theithei dingin kilam a, a lipkhaphuai (Gothic style) theithei dingin zong kilam hi. Pasian pen a kihtakhuai leh a i tunga thukhenpa ahihna nakpi takin langsak uh a, itna leh ngaihna tawh Pasian biak hi nawn loin zahtakna leh kihtakna bek tawh biak hong hi zaw ta hi.

 

____________________________________________

 

 

 

 

Chapter 6

Pawlpi Kipuahphatna

 

Scholasticism:

Kum zalom sawm leh nihna panin Monasteryte ah thusin dan nakpi takin hong kikheng hi. Na khat peuhpeuh pen Lai Siangtho leh pawlpi pate’ (Church Fathers) thuhilhnate sangin thuthuk ngaihsutna (philosophy) zat ding thupi sak zaw uh hi. Tanglai-a Sawltakpupite a kicite pen tu in laisiam Doctorte in hong khengkhia uh hi. Ngeina sangin mihing khuak pilna leh ngaihsutna pen nakpi takin kithupi sak zaw ta hi. Pasian’ thuthukte pen Aristotle philosophy zui-in kician takin hilh ciatciat ding, cih ngaihsutna nei uh hi. Hih tungtawnin France gam sungah laisinna sanginnn lian (University) pawl khat kiphuankhia a, a sawt loin University of Paris leh Balogna leh England gam ah Oxford university cihte nakpi takin hong minthang hi. 

 

Pawlpi Sung

 

Hih hun pen pawlpi sung a thanem mahmah hun leh a zulhtat mahmah laitak ahi hi. Pawlpi sia tampi takin zineu khawng nei-in pawlpi sunga numeite tawh thanghuai takin kipawl uh hi. Pawlpi siate in kha lam thu sangin leitung vai-ah a mawhpuaknate uh awlmawh zaw-in kin zaw uh hi. 1551 kumin England gam-a Bishop Hooper in a gam sunga pawlpi siate a etcikna khatah pawlpi siate 311 sung panin 90 bekin Thu Kham Sawmte, Apotle creed leh Topa’ Thungetnate gelh thei uh hi, kici hi.

 

Rome panin France gam Avignon ah Pope omna hong kisuan ciangin France kumpite in Popete nakpi takin thuzawh uh ahih manin a vang uh zong hong kiam mahmah hi. Tua leh 1378 kumin Pope Gregory XI hong sih ciangin Pope dingin Urban VI teelcing uh hi. Ahi zongin amah pen mi lungtom mahmah leh gitloh mahmah a thuah khat ahih manin Cardinals-te in ama taangin Clement VII teel uh hi. Tua bang hita se leh Gregory XI in a Pope hihna khah nuam tuan lo ahih manin Pope nih hong pha hi.  Hihte gel kikal ah kidemna a hong khan semsem ciangin pawlpi vaihawmna in mi dang khat Pope dingin hong teel leuleu uh hi. Tua ahih manin tawlkhat sung Pope thum tak hong om hi. Hih thubuai pen 1417 kum-a pawlpi kipuahphat hunin lempha kik thei pan bek uh hi. Hih thu-in Popete sangin pawlpi vaihawmna khawmpite thunei zaw ahihna langsak a, hih hun-a kipanin Popete’ thuneihna hong kiam beh tuan mahmah hi. 

 

Mysticism

 

Monastery leh Universityte ah scholastic thusinna (khuakpilna tawh thusinna) nakpi takin a kipaipih laitak leh biakna pen ngeina banga a kizuih lai takin pawlpi sung keu cihtakin keu hi. Tua ciangin mi pawl khatin Pasian theihna leh Pasian tawh kizopna pen Pasian’ thuthukpipite ngaihsutna tawh a kingah hilo a, antan’na, thungetna, leh gamdaih thungetna khawng panin a kingah hi zaw hi, cih hong mukhia-in hong tangko uh hi.  Latin minam sung panin Catherine of Siena (1347-1380) bang, tua ciangin Teuton minam sung panin Bernard of Clairvaux leh Dominican pawlte sung panin Meister Eckhart (1260-1327), John Tauler (1300-1361), Holland panin Brothers of  Common Life leh Thomas Kempis (1380-1471) cihte laigelhte leh nasepte in mi tampi tak Pasian tawh kizopna leh nuntakna kikheelna piangsak hi.

 

Reformation kipatna dinga lampi a na sial makaite

 

Mystic kicite in biakna pen mimal tawh nakpi takin a meektuah lai takun John Wycliffe leh John Hus in Pawlpi pen Thuchiam Thak pawlpi a suahkik theihna ding nakpi takin hanciam uh hi.

 

John Wycliffe (1329-1384)

 

John Wycliffe pen Oxford university ah sangsia minthang mahmah khat hi a, ahih theih zah tawh 1378 kum pawl a kipan pawlpi’ sia gina lo teng tawpsak ding leh a neih a lam uh suhsak ding ngimna nei hi. Tua tawh kituakin “Pawlpi sung makai dingte’ pian zia,” cih laibupi khat suahkhia hi. 1379 kumin “Pawlpi lutang in Jesu hi a, Pope hilo hi,” cih lai hong suahkhia kik leuleu hi. Tua bek hi loin thu um mite’ adingin Pawlpi sangin Lai Siangtho pen thupi zaw a, pawlpite pen Thuciam Thak hong sinsakna tawh kituakin kalsuan ding pen a thupi pen ahi hi, ci hi.  Hih thu a gupna hangin minam khempeuh in amau pau ciat tawh Lai Siangtho a neih uh hoih hi, ci-in England gam ah Lai Siangtho tei ding hong kipan hi. 1382 kumin Thuciam Thak tei zo a, 1383 kumin Herefored khuami Nicholas in Thuciam Lui tei zo hi.

 

John Hus (1373-1415)

 

Bohemia (Austria-Czech) gam ah John Hus leh mi tampi takin Wycliffe’ thuhilhna sang uh a, tua thuhilhnate pansanin pawlpi puah ding hong kipan pah uh hi. Hih thu hangin Pope tawh nakpi takin kisia uh ahih manin Council of Constance ah John Hus kisam hi. Tua lai-ah amah leh a zi in a thuhilhna uh leh a gamtatna uh hangin mawh kitangsak hi. John Hus in a thuhilhna dok kik nuam lo ahih manin tua lai mah ah a hing tangin kihal lum hi. A sih hangin a laibu gelh – Pawlpi (de ecclesia) kici si lo a, hih laibu tungtawnin a nungzuite in pawlpi sungah na nakpi takin hong sem uh hi. A nungzui pawl khat bangin Lai Siangtho tawh a kituak lo Rome Pawlpi’ thuhilhna leh gamtatna peuhmah thalnial uh hi. John Hus’ thuhilhna tungtawnin 1450 pawlin Bohemian Sanggamte cih pawl thak khat hong piang hi. Hih pawlpi tungtawnin mission lungsim a nei mahmah pawlpi – Moravian pawlpi hong piangkhia hi.

 

Reformation hun ma-in Europe gam sunga kikheelna

 

Renaissance: 1350 pawl a kipanin Europe ah khuaphawkna thak khat hong tungin tua tawh kituakin a thumuh dan leh san’ dante uh nakpi takin hong kikheel hi. Gam sung leh pawlpi sung ki-ukna a kipan a ngeina tuamtuamte uh leh thu ciin’ dan tuamtuamte uh lim takin sittel ding hong kipan uh a, ni danga a thu up uh leh a thu ciin’ tampi takte uh pen man khin nawn lo ahihna hong mukhia uh hi.  Khuapi liante ah mihausa leh lai thei tampi tak hong khangin, tangtat nopna leh mimal nasepna nakpi takin hong khang hi.Hih hun pen laigelh, milim gelh, tumging leh lasakna, leh science lamah khantohna lianpi hong piang hi. Lai Siangtho zong a kigelhna pau teekteek tawh sin nopna hong khangin, na khempeuh bulkan nopna lungsim hong khang hi. Christopher Columbus leh mi dang tampite in Europe gam bek hi loin gam tuamtuam ah zin uh a, gam thak leh lei thak a muh ban uh-ah minam dangte ngeina leh ciin’ dan tampi tak zong hong thei uh hi.

 

Minam leh Kumpi gam neu hong khanna

 

Hih banga khantohna tuamtuam hong om tawh kituakin minam khat i lai leh pau itna hong khang tektek a, gam uk golpipite’ (Empire) nuai-a kigawm khawmna panin tang om nopna leh tuam om nopna, amau leh amau ki-ukin kivaihawm nopna lungsim hong khang mahmah hi. Hih bang lungsim pen England, Spain, France, German, leh Dutch minamte sungah hong lian pha diak hi. England leh France kum za khat kidona (1337-1453) hangin hih gamte gel sungah minam kihuaituamna lungsim leh gam itna nakpi takin khangsak hi. Hih in Roman pawlpi nakpi takin a thanemsak bek tham loin gam tuamtuam in suakta takin om nopna lungsim Europe gam sungah minam neu zawte tungah zong piangsak hi.

 

Reformation hong pian’na a hang tuamtuamte

 

Thu tuamtuam la tuamtuam hangin Europe ni tumna-leilu lam-a gam liante in leitung gam khempeuh a uk ding leh a kumpite tung nangawn ah thunei dingin pawlpi pen sang zo taktak nawn lo uh hi. Hih bang ngaihsutna a nei gamte pen a tunga i gen bangin ni dang hunin Rome vanglai (200 BC – 500 AD) hunin Rome gam ukna nuai-a om lo gamte hi zaw deuh uh hi.

 

Kumpi sum tampi tak Rome ah a lut ding pen gam tampi takin na sa mahmah uh hi. Tua bek hi loin pawlpi siate leh pawlpi pen gam sunga mihau pente hi a, Rome pawlpi ngeina tawh siah (tax) lak kiphal lo sawnsawn ahih manin gam tampi tak heh-in thangpai mahmah uh hi. Khuapite ah mihau leh lai thei tampi a hong khan ciangin amau aituam sep nop leh bawl nop hau uh a, biakna zong pen khuasung leh gamsung vai cih bangin kingaihsun nawn loin, mimal biakna bang lelin kikoih ta hi.

 

Laipil leh lai thei hong khan tawh kituakin Thuciam Thak sunga pawlpite’ nuntakzia leh amau hun a pawlpite nuntakzia pen tong leh lamin a kilamdan’na hong mu uh hi. A biakpiakna uh ngeina bang lelin zui uh a, a thu upte uh leh san’ zia uh tampi tak pen a haivai mahmah ahih lam mu khia uh hi. Tua a thu up gina lote uh nusiatsanin Thuciam Thak sunga sawltakte thu upna mah a nungkik nopna lungsim nakpi takin hong khang hi.

 

Hih bang teng kawmkal ah German gam sungah Archbishop Albrecht (1490-1545) in pawlpi thukham tawh kituak loin khawk (provinces) nih ah Bishop za hong len hi. Pope Leo X zong Rome a St. Peter Bascillica lamna dingin sum kisam mahmah ahih manin a sum deih zah a piak zawh peuh leh Albert in khawk nih ah a sep ding phalsak hi. Hih thu hangin Albert in sum tampi tak a leitawi hong kul a, ahi zongin hih a sum leitawite a loh kik zawhna dingin Pope Leo in Bishop Albrecht pen mawhmaina (indulgences) a zuak theihna dingin phalna pia hi. Hih indulgences pen mawh maisakna hi a, a nung ciangin mi si khinsate mawhmaisakna zong hong huam hi. Tua ahih manin amau mawhna leh a innkuanpih a si khinsate mawhna a kimaisakna dingin mi tampi takin lei ziahziah uh hi. A sum zah pen a mawhna uh tawh kituakin kituat a, mawhna lian bawlte in tampipi a piak uh kul hi. Hih pawlpi thusuah demna ding leh pawlpi pai dan hoih lote demna dingin Martin Luther in pawlpi’ kalsuan zia hoih a sak loh nam 95 tak Wittenberg biakinn kongpi ah October ni 31, 1517 kum in va suang khia hi. Tua khit nungin gam meikang bangin pawlpi langpan’na leh pawlpi kipuahphatna thu nakpi takin hong kithehzak hi.

______________________________________________________________

 

 

 

Chapter 7

German Gam leh Switzerland ah Pawlpi Kipuahphatna

 

Martin Luther

 

Protestant Reforation makaipipa Martin Luther pen November ni 10, 1483 kumin Eiselen khua Germany ah suak hi. 1502 kumin University of Erfurt panin Philoshophy tawh B.A. zo in 1505 kumin M.A. zo hi. A pa in sitni (Law) sin dingin deih a, ahi zongin ni khat guahpi leh keekia kithuahin a khualak vak laitak nawk kha ahih manin lau lua mahmah ahih manin St. Anne’ kiangah cidamin a suahtaksak leh siampi suak dingin va kiciam hi. Tua khit Nipikal nih zawhin Erfurt a Agustininiante Monastery ah lut pah a, 1507 kumin siampi ordination ngah hi. 1510-11 kikal phalbi sungin Rome ah sep ding pawl khatte hangin kisawl a, tua lai-ah Roman pawlpi’ thumanlohna leh a thanghuaina va mu a, tuate in a lungsim na sak mahmah hi.

 

1511 kumin Wittenberg University ah Lai Siangtho sangsia semin ahih theih zah tawh Greek Thuciam Thak leh Hebrew Thuciam Luite mah zangin German pau ngiat tawh Lai Siangtho hilh ding hong kipan hi. Hih bangin Lai Siangtho thute a hong sin tohtoh ciangin Lai Siangtho bek mah a thupi pen leh a thunei pen ahihna hong phawkkhia hi.  Rom laikhak leh Galati laikhakte a simna panin upna hang bek tawh Pasian’ maipha kingah ahihna leh hotkhiatna ngah ding i hihna kician takin hong theikhia hi. Tua a kipanin sepna hang hi loin upna hang bek tawh diktansak i hihna, ngeina hi loin Lai Siangtho bek mah thunei pen ahihna, mi khempeuh in siampi za ngah khin ahih manin tang takin Pasian kiangah thunget theih ahihna, leh hotkhiatna pen Jesu hang bek hi, cihte hangsan takin hong pulak khia hi.

 

Tua bang kawmkawl ah Wittenberg ah Archbishop Albert’ sawltangzangpa – Johann Tetzel hong pai-in Pope’ Indulgence hong zuak hi. Hih indulgence a lei khempeuh pen Pope in a mawhna uh maisak ahih manin a kha uh Paradise ah lut ding hi, cih upna nei uh hi. Hih bangin indulgenmce zuakna panin a sum muh leh ngah khempeuh uh Archbishop Albert leh Pope Leo X a lang tuakin kihawm uh hi. Hih thu Martin Luther in a hong theih ciangin kuamah in a lei lohna dingin nakpi takin tangko hi. October 31, 1517 in All Saint Church biakinnpi kongkhakpi ah hih indulgences a deih lohna thu thunam 95 tak mipi muh dingin hong suangkhia a, a copy dang khat Archbishop Albrecht khak hi.

 

Martin Luther gamtatna in Tetzel indulgences zuak nawngkaisak mahmah ahih manin ahih theih zah tawh Martin Luther demin a gamtatna khempeuh Rome ah puak hi. 1518 kum April kha-in hih thu hangin Sia dang pawl khatte tawh nakpi takin kinial uh a, Sia tampi tak leh university-a a seppih khempeuh in Matin Luther gum uh hi. 1518 kumin German gam sunga Pope palai – Cardinal Cajetan in Ausburg ah samin a thuhilhna a tawpsanna ding leh a din’na a nungkikna dingin a sawl hangin, a gamtatna pen Lai Siangtho in a mawhsak kei buang a, a lungsim tawng-a a ngaihsutna in a thukimpih kei buang leh nunghei lo ding ahihna hangsan takin genin theisak hi. A din’na a khawlsan nak sangin laikhetna khawl thum tak zangin a thugelhsate banah pawlpi kipuahphat ding a kisapna thu laibu in hong bawl hi. Hih a laibu bawlte ah a thu uppite: upna hang bek-a diktansakna thu, ngeina hi loin Lai Siangtho bekmah thunei pen ahihna, mi khempeuh siampi za ngah ahih manin tangtakin Pasian kiangah thungen thei ahihna, leh hotkhiatna pen Jesu hang bek, cihte ngentel tak leh kician takin a laibu in hong suahkhia hi. Tua bang kawmkal ah June ni 15, 1520 kumin Pope a kipanin mawhsakna leh a laibu khempeuh halmang ding leh amahmah zong ni 60 sungin a kisikkik kei leh hawlkhiat ding ahihna lai ngah hi. Hih bangin Pope panin a laikhak ngah mipi muh tangpi-in Dec 10, 2020 in hal hi.

 

Charles V in Ukpi hong hih ciangin Luther 1521 nipi lai-in Worms khuapi-a vaihawmna khawmpi ah a kihelna dingin theisak hi. German gam-a kumpi neu bang zah hiam leh Saxony kumpipa Frederick in a bitna ding ngaihsutsak ding ci ahih manin a tawpna ah va kilang hi. Ahi zongin tua lai-ah zong, “Ka lungsim tawngah khial kisakna leh, Lai Siangtho mahmah in hong mawhsak ahih kei buang leh ka thugente nungheisan in ka dok kik kei ding hi,” ci hi. Tua a kipanin laibu bawl ding leh thuhilh pawlpi in kham hi. Wittenberg zuanin a ciahkik lai takin lampi ah amah gum pawl khatin khawlsakin Wartburg Castle ah bu sak uh a, tua lai-ah kum khat val va om hi. Tua sungin German pau tawh Thuciam thak Greek panin kum khat cing loin tei khinin Lai Siangtho buppi 534 in tei khin hi.

 

Hih thu teng hangin German gam sung kumpi neuneute in Martin Luther thupi ngaihsut mahmah uh hi. Hih tawh kituakin German gam sunga pawlpi tampi takin Luther’ thuhilhna hong zui uh hi. Pawlpi tampi takin a biakinn sunga milimte susia-in, pawlpi sia tampi tak in zong zi neikik uh hi. 1529 kumin Spier Vaihawmna (Diet) ah Roman pawlpi in biakna pen kimawk khek cih om thei lo hi, pawlpi pen a ngeina bangin khauh takin paikik ding hi, ci hi. Tua ciangin Luther nungzuite in hih thu nakpi takin nial uh a, tua a kipanin amau pawl pen nialkalh pawl (protestant) cih min ngah uh hi. 

 

Germany Gam pualam ah Lutheran Pawlpi a Khanna

 

Scandinavia gam sung, a diakin Iceland leh Finland gamte ah Lutheran pawlpi pen a kumpi’ theihpih pawlpi cih ciang bek hi loin a gam kumpi’ pawlpi hong suakin Roman Catholic pawlpi bang bei zo liang hi. Denmark gam zong a sawt loin Lutheran pawlpi suak hi. Norway leh Sweden gamte ah zong Rome pawlpi ukna nuai-a a om nuam nawn lo uh ahih manin Luther pawlpi zom uh hi.

 

Pawlpi kipuahphatna in pawlpi sung leh gam sungah mimal suahtakna lianpi piangsak hi. Mi khempeuh in siampi za ngah ahihna thu in mimal thungetna leh biakpiakna ah khanlawhna lianpi piangsak hi. Upna leh hehpihna a ki-ultun’sak tawh kituakin Khristian biakna pen a lauhuai biakna nam hi nawn loin, hehpihna a hau mahmah biakna ahihna phawk thak sak hi. Lai Siangtho in pawlpi sungah mun hong luah kikin, mi tampi takin amau pau teekteek mah tawh Pasian kammal sim thei ta uh ahih manin Pasian’ thu in mite’ nuntakna ah mun hong luah toto hi.

 

Switzerland  Pawlpi Kipuahphatna

 

Switzerland gam pen gam neuno khat hi a, A Siangtho Rom Ukna Gam (Holy Roman Empire) nuai-a om kumpi neu khat ahi hi. Ahi zongin gam dang gam liante bang loin khawk 13te (canton) pen amau leh amau leh amau ki-ukin suakta mahmah uh ahih manin Rome in zong a deih bangin thuzawh zo lo hi.

 

German tawh a kinaih Zurich kiim-a om German kampau a zangte’ sungah Zwingli in makai-in, French pau zangte omna Geneva khuapi kiim-ah Calvin in makaih in, tua lo mun dangte ah Anabaptistte in makaih uh hi.

 

Huldreich Zwingli (1484-1531)

 

Zwingli Januanry 1, 1484 kumin Wildaus khua Switzerland ah suak hi. Vienna leh Basel ah laisim in M.A. degree ngah hi. 1506 kumin pawlpi sia suakin 1518 kumin Zurich a pawlpi lian pen Munster pawlpi ah senior pastor dingin kiteel hi. 1519 kum pawl panin Luther laigelhte simin pawlpi puahphat ding thu veina hong nei pan hi. 1523 kumin a Roman pawlpi a demna leh a thu up thak points 67 gelh khia hi. Hih point 67 sungah – upna hangin hotkhiatna kingah ahihna, Lai Siangtho thuneihna, Pawlpi lutang Khris ahihna, leh pawlpi siate in zi a neih theihna ding vaite pen a thupi deuh teng hi pah hi. Zurich khua kipawlpna upate in Zwingli pen Roman Catholic pawlpi’ tungah a gualzo in ngaihsun uh ahih manin ama’ thuhilhte pen tua khua in a zuih pahna dingin thukham bawl uh hi. Ni dangin tuiphumna leh si vuina-a a sum lakte uh zong khawlsakin, siampite leh pawlpi siate in zi leh pasal nei-in biakinn sunga milim tuamtuamte la khia uh hi. 1525 kumin biakpiakna Mass kici beisak uh hi.

 

Zwingli in pawlpi leh khuasung ki-ukna luangkhawmsak hi. Annabaptist pawlte in tuikiphum kik ding lim gen lua uh ahih manin amaute tawh kipawl thei lo hi. Luther tawh zong nekkhawmna vai-ah kithukim thei lo uh ahih manin kipawl thei lo uh hi. Nekkhawmna pen i Topa Jesu a sihna Ieh a hong kipiak khiatna i phawkna hi lel hi, cih paipih hi.

 

Zurich khuapi bek hi loin khua dangte ah zong ama thuhilhna tawh kituakin a pawlpite leh khuasung ki-ukna a hong paipih sawm ciangin Roman Catholic pawlpite tawh buaina lianpi nei-in hong kido uh hi. Zwingli zong Pastor ahihna tawh galkapte’ Chaplain ahih manin gal dona ah va kuan a, galphual ah si hi. Hih kidona a hong ven’ ciangin Switzerland gam sunga khawk khempeuh in amau deihna tek biakna a zuih theihna dingun thukimna bawl uh hi.

 

Anabaptists:

 

Anabaptist pawlpi pen German gam leh Switzerland gam nihte sung panin hong piangkhia hi. Conrad Grebel’ (1498-1526) makaihna tawh Switzerland ah Zwingli’ hun lai-in hong hat mahmah uh hi. Germany ah zong Luther in lokho mite kiphinna a gup loh ciangin Lutheran pawlpi panin lokho mite sung panin mi tampi takin Anabaptistte beel uh hi. Lutheran leh Reformed pawlpite bang loin pawl tampi tak pha uh ahih manin a thu up dan uh leh saan’ dan uh kibang kim lo hi. Ahi zongin a tangpi thu-a a thu uppite hih a nuai-a bang ahi hi:

1.      Naungek tuiphumna pen Lai Siangtho tawh kituak lo ahih manin mi khempeuh kituiphum kik kul hi.

2.      Pawlpi’ vaihawmna leh khua sung vaihawmna pen paikhawm lo ding a, kumpi in pawlpi tungah thu nei thei lo hi.

3.      Na khempeuh ah Lai Siangtho mah a thunei pen leh a tawpna ahi hi

4.      Pawlpi sung khatah omte pen neih leh lamh a kitangkhawm ding leh nakpi takin a kihuh tuah dingte hi

5.      Thu um mi khempeuh Thuciam Thak sunga pawlpite banga nuntak ding leh kalsuan ding ahi hi.

 

Hih bang upna leh thuhilhna tawh kal a hong suan uh ciangin lokho mite lak panin mi tampi takin sang thei mahmah uh hi. A sawt loin Switzerland gam bek hi loin, German gam lei taw lam leh ni suahna lam France gam ah zong hong tam mahmah uh hi. Amaute pen a nung ciangin Menonite, Baptist, Puritans, Quakers leh pawl dangdangte kipatna hong hi uh hi.

 

John Calvin’ Thuhilhna

 

John Calvin pen Zwingli zom-a Switzerland gam ah protestant pawlpi makai lian pen ahi hi. Universtity of Paris ah a sangkah lai panin Luther’ laigelhte sim kipan a, 1534 kumin University reactor Nicolas Cop tawh kipawlin Luther mah bangin Lai Siangtho tawh kituakin kipuahphatna ding thu hong tangko uh hi. Hih thu hangin Paris panin kinawhkhia-in Basel khuapi hong tung hi. Basel hong tun’ ciangin laigelh ding hong kipan a, Protestant pawlpi pen Roman Catholic pawlpi sangin Thuciam Thak pawlpi tawh nakpi takin a kibat zawkna thute gelh hi.

 

Guillaume Farel in Geneva pawlpi kem dingin a zolna bangin Geneva pawlpi ah sia hong sem a, pawlpi mite Khristian thu up laigilte hilh ding hong kipan pah hi. Nekkhawmna pen a siangtho nekkhawmna ahih mah bangin a nin leh a buahbang mite ne sak lo hi. Hih thu hangin pawlpi makai lian pawl khat tawh kisia-in Geneva nusia hi. A sawt loin Geneva khua sung vaihawmna hong buai kik ciangin Calvin va sam kik uh hi. Geneva ah hong ciahkik ciangin pawlpi mite thusinna hoih takin piak ding leh nuntak siangtho tawh a nuntak theihna ding cih nakpi takin hong hanciam kik hi. A hun khempeuh pen – thugenna, thuhilhna, laigelhna in hong zang hi. 1549 kumin Swizerland gam sunga Zwingli pawlte tawh kithukimna khat bawlin, tua a kipan in Reformed Pawlpi (A Kipuahpha Pawlpi) hong kici uh hi. 

 

Calvin’ thuhilh a thupi diakte

1.      Hotkhiatna pen a patna pan a tawp dong Pasian nasep ahi hi

2.      Mihingte’ mawhna in uk khin ahih manin, amau ut thu leh hanciam zawhna tawh Pasian a theithei dingte hi nawn lo uh hi

3.      Tua ahih manin Pasian’ teelte bekin hotkhiatna ngah in, Pasian thei uh hi

4.      Pasian’ hehpihna pen hih teeltuamte bekin ngah uh hi

5.      Hotkhiatna pen Mihing nasep hilo a, Pasian nasepna ahih manin kitaan thei lo hi.

 

Calvin in a Reformed thu-upna kician takin laibu in gelhkhia hi. Hih pen Reformed pawlpite adingin a khang a khangin a kingakna uh hong suak hi. Lai Siangtho hilhcian bu zong Johan 2 & 3 leh Maangmuhna simloh a bu dang khempeuh gelh hi. Tua bek hi loin a sawt loin a sanginn bawl – Geneva Academy pen Geneva University hong suak hi. Lai pilna a thupisim mah bangin a nungzui tampi tak America gam a tun’ uh ciangin College tampi phuankhia uh hi. Geneva pawlpi kivaipuak dan pen a nung ciangin mun tampi ah Reformed pawlpi leh Presbyterian pawlpite’ kivaipuak dan hong suak hi. Calvin’ thuhilhna hangin mipi a tam zawte deihna banga ki-ukna (democracy) nakpi takin hong khang hi.

 

France gam ah Pawlpi puahphatna

 

Luther’ laigelhte hangin France  pawlpi tampi tak hong khanglo hi. A diakin khangthak mihaute leh laigelh siamte in kumpite leh pawlpi makaite in khua sung leh gam vai-ah a thuneihna uh nakpi takin dem uh hi. Ahi zongin German gam-a Luther leh Switzerland gam a Zwinglite banga a kipankhia ding makai gina nei lo uh hi. Geneva panin Calvin in na hong sep ciangin ama’ nasepna huhau-in pawlpi tampi tak hong kiphuanin galkap ulian pawl khat nangawn Protestant hong suak uh hi.  1559 kum in Paris ah Synod nei uh a, tua lai-ah Calvin’ gelh pawlpi’ thuupte pulakkhiatna nei uh a, amau leh amau Huguenots kici uh hi.

 

A sawt loin hih Huguenots-te nakpi takin hong khangin hong vanglian mahmah uh hi. 1562-98 kikal in Kumpite leh Huguenots-te kikal ah kidona leh kitualthana tam veipi tak piang hi. St. Bartholemew Ni in Paris ah kumpite in Huegetnots-te suamin 2,000-3,000 kikal that uh a, tua ni-in France gam pumpi ah mi 7,0000 bang si dingin kituat hi. 1593 kumin Huegenots pawl sunga makai khat Roman Catholic hong suakin, a sawt loin France gam kumpi hong suak hi. 1598 kum in Nantes Thukhunpi hong suahkhia in, tua a kipanin kumpi in Huegenots-te bawlsia nawn lo hi. Hih thukhun pen 1685 kum a Louis XIV hong khan ciangin – gam khat, thukhun khat, upna khat bulphuh in beisak hi. Hih thu hangin Huegenots-te 20,0000 val Switzerland, England, Pussia, Holland, leh North America gam ah lal uh hi.

 

Netherland gam ah:

 

Luther leh Zwingli in reformation nasep a pat ma-un Netherland ah pawlpi a puahpha nuam kipawlna Brorther of Common Life kicite na om khin zo hi. Tua bek loin Erusmas in zong Greek Thuciam Thak laibu na bawl khin zo hi. Paris khuapi leh Antwerp khuapite pen leitunga laikhetna phualpite ahih mah bangin Protestant biakna pawl zuite laibute kikhen ziahziahin Dutch pau tawh Thuciam Thak zong 1523 kumin Amterdam panin kikhen hi. A cil in Luther ‘ siampi seppih – Augustinian siampite zong pawlpi puahna lamsangah hong madawk mahmah uh a, tua khia a sawt loin Anabaptist leh Calvin nungzuite hong kipanin, a tawpna ah Calvin’ nungzuite hong tam pen hi. Kumpi Charles V in hih bang kipawlna thak hong om ciangin nakpi takin nan’ ding hanciamin Protestant thu umte tampi tak that hi. Kum 30 sung tua bang a Protestant pawlpite a bawlsiat hangin pawlpi khang veve hi.  A tawpna ah Spain galkapte 1567 kumin Protestant pawlte tawh kido dingin hong kuanto uh a, tua a kipanin Protestant pawlte nakpi takin hong thanem kik uh hi.  1609 kumin Spain panin suahtakna ngah uh a, tua a kipanin Holland pen Protestant gam hong suak hi.

 

Scotland gam ah

 

Scotland gam-a Reformation makai minthang pen John Knox pen ahi hi. Amah pen pawlpi pawlpi sia hi a, Augustine laigelhte leh Luther laigelhte a simna hangin Protestant suak hi. Roman Catholic pawlpi pen Satan synagogue ci-in Pope zong pen Khris gal (anti-Christ) in ngaihsun hi.  Hih bangin a thuhilhna hangin 1547 kumin France galkapte manin kum khat val thong sungah khum uh hi. A hong suahtak ciangin Frankfurt leh Geneva khapite ah va zinin tua a kipanin Calvin’ nungzui hong suak hi. Scotland gam ah hun tomno khat sung hong ciah sungin Protestant pawlpite pen Presbyterian pawlpi ngeina zui-in lem pha hi. Tua tawh kitonin kumpi neute in Rome pawlpi tawh kizop ding ut nawn loin Dec 3, 1557 kumin Scottish Covenant phuan uh hi. 1558 kumin Queen Elizabeth England kumpi hong hih tawh kitonin leitung vai huih nun’ zia hong kilamdang ding hi ci-in a bukna panin 1559 hong pusuakin a langtangin thuhilh ding hong kipankik hi. Scottish covenantte tung panin a kisam bang galkap panpihna zong ngah ahih manin Rom tawh kikhenna ding na nakpi takin hong sem hi. Tua sungin mipite in biakinn sunga milimte susia-in, monasteryte zong luh uh hi. Siampite zong mass a bawl nawn lohna dingun khauh takin thu pia uh hi. France kumpite hong kigolh ciangin England Kumpinu zong hong pangin a tawpna ah Francete kinungleh in July 6, 1560 in kilemna suaikai uh hi. Tua khitin Scottish parliament in Reformed biakna pen Scotland biakna dingin namkip a, Scotland pen Presbyterian pawlpi hong suak hi.

 

England  Pawlpi Kipuahphatna

 

John Wycliffe’ thuhilhna leh amau pau mahmah tawh Lai Siangtho a neihna uh hangin England pawlpite in protestant pawlpi pian’ ma nangawnin kipuahphat nopna lungsim lianpi na nei khin uh hi. Leitung pilna sinna lamsang nakpi takin a hong khan tawh kitonin a beisa hunin a thuman loin pawlpite a gamtatnate uh hong kipholak hi. Hih bang thu hangin pawlpi siate deih lohna lianpi hong khang hi. Hih teng banah Luther’ thuhilhna England gam university lianpen Oxford leh Cambridge ah hong lut-in, hih tungtawnin mi tampi takin Luther’ thuhilhte hong thei uh hi.

 

Ahi zongin England pawlpi leh Rom pawlpi kikhenna taktak a hong pian’na pen a tunga kigente hang hi zaw loin, England kumpipa Henry in a zi thak neih nopna hang hi zaw hi.

 

Henry’ sanggampa Arthur hong sih ciangin Henry in a upa’ zi luahsukin teen’pih hi. Hih pen Pawlpi Thukham (canon law) tawh kituak lo ahih hangin Pope Julius II in ama’ thuneihna tawh phalsak hi.  Kum tampi a kiteen’ khit uh hangin tanu khat bek nei uh ahih manin Catherine tawh a kiteen’na uh phiat siangin zi dang neih ding Henry in hong ngaihsun hi.  Pope in a kiteen’na uh a phelsak nuam loh ciangin England pawlpi pen Rom pawlpi panin suahtakna pulak hi. 1531 kum in thagum tawh pawlpi makaihna la-in England gamsung a Bishop khempeuh in a thu a man’na ding leh England gam sungah English Lai Siangtho bek mah a kizatna dingin thukhun bawl hi.  Tua khit a sawt loin a lawmngaihnu a zi dingin la-in kumpinu suaksak a, tua a kipanin Rom tawh kikhen siang uh hi.

 

Henry a hong sih khit ciangin a tapa kum kua bek a pha Edward VI in kumpi tokhom hong luah hi. Hih hun sungin ni danga pawlpi kikhopna (mass) tawpsakin nekkhawmna in kilaih a, biakpiakna ah English bek mah zat ding leh biakpiakna a zat ding – zat tangzang laibu kibawl hi.  Tua bek hi loin pawlpi siate pen siampite kici nawn loin - pawlpi nasemte (Minister) kici a, ni danga biakna taute zong sabuai dan lelin kingaihsun ta hi. Nekkhawmna zong pen Jesu’ sihna leh thawhkikna phawkna hi a, nekkhawmna ah khomun leh leenggahzu pen Jesu’ pumpi leh sisan etsakna lim hi lel hi, ci uh hi. Protestant pawlpi dangte mah bangin Luther leh Calvin’ thuhilhna – upna hang bek, Lai Siangtho bek, leh pawlpi sacraments nih bek hi, cih sang uh hi.

 

Edward’ khit ciangin Catherine’ tanu Mary in kumpi za hong len hi. A nu’ lam la-in Rome tawh kizopkik ding lunggulhna lianpi nei ahih manin Spainte kumpipa Philip tawh hong kiteng hi. Kumpi a let sungin pawlpi sia tampi tak bawlsia-in Archbishop Crammer nangawn zong that hi. Mary’ khit ciangin Queen Elizabeth hong khang a, Mary in a bawl khempeuh hong phiat kik hi. Rom tawh kizopna a nei khempeuh tawpsakin nawhkhia hi. Ahi zongin Luther leh Calvin pawlpite bang loin pawlpi kimakaih dan pen Rom pawlpite ngeina mah zui veve hi.

 

Puritans Pawl

 

Pawlpi sunga kikheelna tuamtuam a om hangin kha lam-a khanlawhna taktak leh kipuahphatna taktak om lo hi. 1560 kum pawl a kipanin pawlpi sungah Lai Siangtho in hong sinsakna bangin pawlpi kalsuan ding a deih pawlte nakpi takin hong khang hi. Amaute pen sian’thona a pibawl mahmah pawl ahih mah bangun Puritans (A Siangthote) kici uh hi. Pawlpi kimakaih zia dingin Scotland Presbyterian pawlpite pai dan deih uh a, Bishopte’ nuai-ah pawlpi a om ding deih lo uh hi. Amau sung panin pawl khat ngialin hoh pawlpi leh leitung kumpite kisai khak ding deih vet lo uh hi. Hihte pawl pen nakpi takin kibawlsia ahih manin Holland ah 1607 kum in John Smith’ makaihna tawh galtai uh hi. Holland a tun tak uh ciangin Menonites (Anabaptist)-te tawh a thu upna uh kibang pian ahih manin tua lai-ah kituiphum kik uh a, tua a kipanin amaute pen Baptist pawl hong kici uh hi. Thomas Helwys leh John Murton-te England ah 1611-12 pawlin hong ciahkik uh a England  Baptist pawlpi hong phut uh hi. Puritans kicite huzapna nuai-ah 1611 kumin kumpi James in a gam sunga laisiam mi sawm nga leh nih teelin Lai Siangtho tei ding hong kipan uh hi. Hih pen a minthang mahmah King James Version hong suak hi.

 

Puritans-te in 1649 kum a kipanin 1660 dong England gam uk uh hi. Parliament in bishop ki-ukna phiatin Wesminster Assembly phuan a, hih tawh kitonin nakpi takin pawlpi kipuahphatna bawlin 1648 in England pawlpi pen Presbyterian pawlpi hong suak hi. A leh lam ah Puritante nuai-ah pawlpi ki-ukna khauhpai lua mahmah ahih manin gam sungah nawngkaina tampi tak hong piang hi. Tua ciangin mipite in Charles II kumpi dingin samin Presbyterian pai dan panin bishopte ukna nuai-a om ding hong teel kik themthum uh hi.  Hih thu hangin Puritan pawlpi sunga biakna makai leh sia tampi tak a sepna uh panin kitawp uh hi.

 

James II hong khan ciangin Roman Catholic pawlpi a lut kik ding hong sawm hi. Ahi zongin mipite in deih loin protestant pawlpi hu dingin in Holland panin William leh a zi’ (kumpipa tanu) tungah huhna ngen uh a, amaute England hong lut ciangin France  kumpi James tai hi. Tua khit nungin Parliament thuneihna tawh kituakin William leh Mary kumpi suaksak uh a, England gam pen Protestant gam suaksak uh hi. 1689 parliament thukhun tawh kituakin biakna suaktakna kipulak a, mipite in pawlpi tuamtuam zom thei ta uh hi.

___________________________________________

 

 

Chapter 8

Roman Catholic Pawlpi Leh Reformation

 

Protestant pawlpi kipuahphatna hong khan ciangin Roman Catholic pawlpi sungah zong kipuahphat ding a deih tampi tak hong om hi. Hih tawh kisai-in ukpipa Charles V in pawlpi vaihawmna neih ding Pope nakpi takin nawh hi. Pope Paul III (1534-49) in zong Cardinals kua (9)-te makaihna tawh pawlpi thu kan dingin commission khat phuan hi. Hih commission in a muhna bangbangun 1537 kum in pawlpi vaihawmna ah luikhia uh a, pawlpi kivaipuakna pawl khat kheel ding a kisapna leh sian’thona lamsangah nakpi takin kipuahphat ding a kisapna gen uh hi. Bishop leh Cardinals tampi takin pawlpi sung ginat lohna leh thanghuaina pen siampite leh Pope hang mahmah hi ci-in siampite’ sunga kikheelna a kisapna nakpi takin tangko uh hi.

 

Reformation khit ciangin Pope Paul III in pawlpi sung nakpi takin hong puah a, hih thu hangin Protestant pawlpi a khan dinga kilawm zahin khang zo lo hi. Ama hun sungin hih bang kipuahphatna a sem khia dingin JESUITS (Society of Jesus) pawl phuan a, tua tawh kituakin pawlpi vaihawmna Trento khuapi ah 1544 kumin sam hi (Council of Trent).

 

Society of Jesuits

 

Reformation kipat khit a sawt loin Spain gam panin Roman Catholic pawlpi sungah siampi nam khat – Jesu Pawlpite (Society of Jesus – JESUITS) hong piang hi. Hih pawlte in Protestant pawlpi ah a va lehtai pawlpi mite sap kik ding, gam thak keek ding, leh laisimna lamsang nakpi takin pibawl ding cihte ngimna lianpi in nei uh hi. A makaipipa uh pen Igantius Loyola (1491-1556) hi a, 1540 kum in Pope Paul III in a pawlpi uh kipsakna nei hi. A pawlpi uh thahat mahmah a, kum sawm sung bekin pawlmi 1,000 kiim bang pha man hi. Amau sungah sian’thona, zawn’na, leh thumannate banah Pope thuman ding pen nakpi takin kihilh uh hi.

 

Council of Trent: 

 

Reformation hangin Roman Catholic pawlpi sungah thupiang tuamtuamte kikum khawm dingin Italy khuapi Trento ah December 13, 1545 a kipanin pawlpi vaihawmna kipan a, December 4, 1563 in kizo hi. Hih hun sungin pawlpi thu-uppite, pawlpi siate in a thuneihna uh a khengvalin a zatnate uh, leh pawlpi thu upna panin a pial mite vai thu nakpi takin gen khawm uh hi. Hih thute tam veipi tak a kikup khit uh ciangin hih vaihawmna khawmpi in Lai Siangtho bek hi loin, pawlpi ngeinate pen upna tawh kisai ah  a thunei pen hi ding hi, cih khensat uh hi.  Protestante thu uppi ahi – upna hang bek a diktansakna kingah cih pen kicing lo a, upna hang leh tua upna tungtawn a i sepkhiatte hanga diktansakna kingah hi zaw hi, ci uh hi. Pawlpi in zektan sagih a neihte kipsakna nei kik uh a, nekkhawmna ah khomun leh leenggahzu pen Jesu’ sisan leh pumpi suak cih namkip uh a, pawlpi siate pen zi nei lo ding leh ahih theih zah uh tawh pawlpi panin a taite sap kik ding leh zol kik ding thu nakpi takin kikumin khensat uh hi. Tua leh Thuciam Lui leh Thuciam Thak kikal a om Aprocrypha laibute zong san’na nei uh hi.

 

Inquisition leh Index

 

Protestant pawlpite dalna dingin Roman Catholic pawlpi sungah thukham tuamtuam kibawl a, tuate lakah “inquisition leh index” kici pen a kilimzat mahmah thukhamte ahi hi. Hih thukham tawh kituakin pawlpi sunga thuhilhna man lo peumah thukhen zum kitun pahpah hi. Pawl khatte pen a neih a lamh uh kisuhsakin, pawl khatte thong sungah kikhia-in, mi tampi takin sihna ciang dong tuak uh hi. Hih thukhun tungtawnin Spain gam sung khempeuh ah Protestant pawlpi phiat mang thei uh hi. 

 

1559 kum pawla kipanin Roman Catholic pawlpi in pawlpi phal loh laibute haltum ding hong kipan uh hi. Hih tawh kizui-in pawlpi in laibu siang leh siang lo khentuamin (index) Pope Sixtus V’ (1585-90) khan sung ngial bangin Protestant pawlpite’ lai gelh khempeuh leh Latin Vulgate Lai Siangtho sim loh laibu dang khempeuh pen laibu siang lo lakah kikoih hi.

 

Biakna hanga Galte

 

Roman Catholic hatna gamte leh a diakin Spain kumpi tung panin kiven’na dingin German gam sunga kumpi neu 10 leh khuapi 11 pangkhawmin kipawlna khat February 1531 kumin Schmalkald ah bawl uh hi. Luther a sih khit sawt loin Spain kumpi Charles V in hih gamte nawkin zo gawp hi. 1555 kumin Augsburg kilemna bawl uh a, hih kilemna thukhun dungzui-in khua tuamtuam leh gam tuamtuamte in amau deihna biakna paipih thei ding uh ci-in suahtakna pia hi. Ahi zongin hih kilemna in Netherland leh Germany gam sunga Catholic pawlpi tamna munte huam kha lo sese hi.  A tunglam-a i gensa bangin France gam ah zong Huegenots leh kumpite kikal ah gal lianpi hong piangin 1598 kumin Nantes kilemna hangin kitheihsiamna khat hong piang thei hi.

 

30 years war

 

Ferdinand II in 1619 kumin A Siangtho Rom Ukna Gam  (Holy Roman Empire) hihna a hong lak ciangin a tunga kigen Ausgburg thuciamna palsatin a gam sunga om mi khempeuh Roman Catholic pawlpi sunga a lutna dingin thu pia hi. Hih thu hangin Bohemian gamte (Austria-Czech) in German gam sunga kumpi neuneute tawh kizomin a Siangtho Roman Gam uk pana paikhiat ding hong ngaihsun uh hi. Hih thu hangin ukpipa Ferdinand II in zong Spain kumpipa kiangah huhna ngen hi. A sawt loin hih pawl nihte sungah galpi hong piang hi. Protestant pawlte in Denmark a kipanin leilu lam-a om Norway dong leh Scotland gamte zong cialin huhna a nget uh hangin Catholic lamte zozo lo uh hi.  A sawt loin Sweeden kumpite zong hong kihelin, tua ciangin Protestant lamte in a cil lai-in a gam khahsuah leh mansuah khinsate uh  hong ngah kik uh hi.

 

Hih bang kawmkal ah France gam pen Catholic ih zenzen hangin Spain kumpite tawh kituak lo ahih manun Protestant lamah hong pang uh hi. 1647 kumin Spainte in Bohemiate gam sung panin French leh Sweedente nawhkhia in a khuapi uh Prague la hi. 1648 kumin Wesphalia munah kumpi neu tampi kisukhawmin tua lai-ah kilemna bawl uh hi. Hih tawh kitonin Lutheran pawlpi leh Calvin pawlpite pen Europe gam khempeuh phialah biakna pawlpi khatin kisang a, Catholic gam tampi tak ah Protestantte zong kumpi nasem in hong pang uh hi. Hih tawh kittuakin A Siangtho Rom Ukna Gam (Holy Roman Empire) nakpi takin hong thanem a, France gam nakpi takin hong khang hi. Hih gal sungin German minam za ah sawmnih bang mangthang hi, kici hi.

 

_________________________________________

 

 

 

Chapter IX

Kum Zalom 17 & 18 Sunga Khanlawhna

 

Kum zalom 17 leh 18 sungin Europe leh America a pawlpite sungah khanlawhna lianpi hong tung hi. Tuate lakah a kimkhat val pen England gam-a Puritans pawlte, German gam-a Pietistictic pawlte, Bohemia gam-a Moravian pawlte, leh England gam-a Methodist pawlpite ahi hi (Puritans pawl tawh kisai pen kigen khin ahih manin i gen nawn kei ding hi).

 

Pietistitc pawl

 

Protestant Reformation a hong om khit a sawt loin pawlpi tuamtuam hong ding khia hi. Hih pawlpite thakte in amau thu upna ciat uh a thupina leh a man pen ahihna lahna dingin Lai Siangtho pansanin Pasian’ thuthuk sutna hong pibawl mahmah uh a, thugenna leh sermon hunte pen kha an vakna hun hi nawn loin pawlpi thu uppite kihilhna leh mi dangte’ sangin a dik zawkna uh genna hunin kizang hi. Tua ahih manin thu kigente in kha tui paai nawn lo ahih manin kha lamah bahna lianpi hong piangsak hi.  Hih bang thute banah kum 30 sung tualgal (30 Years War) hangin sisan naisan kisuahna hangin pawlpite pen kha thu lamah nakpi takin hong thanem hi. Hih thu teng hangin German gam sungah Pietistic movement hong piang khia a, biakna pen khuak pilna hilo, lungtang a ding ahihna nakpi takin hong tangko uh hi. A makaipipa uh pen Frankfrut a Lutheran pawlpi pastor Philipp Jakob Spener (1635-1705) ahi hi.

 

Spener in pawlpi mite biakna hahkat ding leh sian’thona nakpi takin hanciam dingin hanthawn hi. Hih tawh kituakin mi khempeuh Lai Siangtho ah a ciahkikna ding leh mimal in Lai Siangtho simna leh thungetna pibawl dingin nakpi takin hanthawn hi. Thugenna hun pen kha an vakna hun hi a, Pasian thuthukpipite genna ding mun hilo hi, ci hi. Kha siangtho nasepna tungtawnin mimal kikheelna a kisapna leh mi khempeuh siampi za ngah ahihna nak gen mahmah uh hi.

 

Moravians pawl

 

Moravians (Czech Republic) pawlpite pen Bohemia pawlpite sung panin Von Zinzendorf’ makaihna nuai-a Herrnhut khua-a tengte ahi uh hi.  Lutheran pawlpite in Pietistic Khristiante a bawlsiat uh ciangin Von Zinzendorf in a gam leitang lianpi tua pawlpi mite’ teen’na dingin pia hi. Tua khua-a tengte pen a sawt loin Moravian pawlpite kici hi. Moravian pawlpite pen Protestant pawlpi sungah mission nasepna a kisapna a tangko masa pente ahi uh hi. Tua tawh kitonin gamdang leh mun tampi takah missionary tampi sawlkhia uh hi. Amau pen gambeel pawl (refugee) ahih zenzen uh hangin kum tam lo sungin missionary 100 val Africa, India, South America and North America gamte ah sawl khia uh hi.

 

England gam-a khakhanlawhna

 

John Wesley (1703-1791) pen England  kha khanlawhna leh halhthakna a puakpa bangin kingaihsun hi. Ama’ pa pen Anglican pawlpi sia Samuel Wesley hi a, Pietistic movement in nakpi takin a na lawh khakte lak-a khat ahi hi.  Kum 17 a phakin Oxford University ah sangkah a, tua lai-ah Jeremy Taylor’ laigelh – A Siangtho Nuntakna, Thomas Kempis’ laigelh – Khris’ Nungzuihna, cih leh William Law’ laigelh – Nuntakna Siangtho Zang Dinga Sapna, cih laibute in a lungsim nakpi takin zo hi. 1728 kum in Anglican pawlpi sia dingin ordination ngah a, tua khit a sawt loin a sangkahna Oxford ah ciahkikin a sanggampa Charles Wesley tawh kal simin Lai Siangtho Sinna (Bible Study) leh thungetna kikhopna khat makaih khawm uh hi.

 

Pawlpi sia a suah khit kum sawm khit May 24, 1738 nitak in a lamdang takin Pasian’ hehpihna hang bek tawh gup ngah ahih lam hong kiphawkin kha khamuanna lianpi hong nei hi. Tua a kipanin Pasian’ hehpihna hanga upna tungtawnin hotkhiat ngah i hih dan leh hih thu pen mimal nuntakna ah Kha Siangtho in hong phawksak hi, ci-in nakpi takin hong tangko hi. Tua hun lai mahin George Whitefield in zong tua bang mah gup ngah kitelna hong nei a, Georgia leh Bristol sung teng ah thuhilh ding hong kipan hi. Tawlkhat sung Wesley leh Whitefield in sem khawm uh a, England gam ah khanlawhna lianpi piang hi.

 

John Wesley in a cilin pawlpi tuam phuh ding ngimna nei loin, a nasepna pen pawlpi sunga nasepna bangin ngaihsun hi. Biakpiak kikhopnate banah inn thungetna leh Lai Siangtho sinna, Pasian thu kikupna leh mission nasepna dingin sum leh paaite kaikhawm uh hi. A thuhilhna leh a pawlte’ gamtat zia a sang zo lo tampi tak hong om ciangin pawlpi makaite in pawlpi sungah a thuhilh ding phal nawn lo uh a, tua a kipanin Methodist pawlpi hong kiphuan hi. 1760 kumin a pawlpi North America dongah kipuakin a sih ciangin (1791) England gam ah pawlpi sia 294 leh pawlpi mi 71,668 pha a, North America ah Sia 198 leh pawlpi mi 43, 265 pha hi.

 

1780 kumin Cloucester ah Robert Rakes in Sunday School masa pen pan a, William Wilberforece’ makaihna tawh England gam ah sila dingin mat leh zuak kibeisak hi. A sawt loin missionary society tuamtuam hong piangin leitung mun tampi ah missionary sawl khia uh hi.

 

America gam sunga khanlawhna

 

Germany leh England gam a khanlawhnate in North America dong ah kizeel hi. Khanlawhna masapa pastor Jonathan Edwardste pawlpi Northampton, Massachusetts ah piang hi. Pastor Edwards pen laisiam mahmah khat hi a, Yale University panin sang zo khat ahi hi.  Amah pen Wesley leh Whitefield bangin thugen ziahziah mi ahih loh hangin a laigelhte leh a thugente in mite’ lungsim zo mahmah hi. England gam panin Whitefield in Northampton hong veh ciangin Jonathan Edward a pawlpi sungah thugensakin tua a kipanin khanlawhna lianpi piang hi. Whitefield in North America khuapi tampi takah a thugen zom a, a diakin Anglican pawpite, Baptist pawlpite, leh Congregational pawlpite sungah khanlawhna piang hi.

 

_________________________________________________________

 

Chapter X

 

Kum zalom 18 & 19 sunga mission nasepna leh pawlpi khanna thu

 

Europe  kum zalom 18 kipat cil-a kipanin set (machine) tawh nasepna hong kipat ciangin a gam uh nakpi takin hong kilamdang hi. Leitung sumbawl-paibawlna a kipanin leitung vaihawmna leh ki-ukzia nakpi takin hong kikheel hi. Europe gamte in a sumbawlna dingun gamdang tampi hong keek uh a, a sawt loin Africa gam buppi leh Asia gam buppi amau khut nuai-ah koih uh hi. Hih hun sung mahin Europe  Pietistte, Moraviante, Puritanste, Methodiste, leh pawl dangdangte hangin kha khanlawhna lianpi hong tung a, pawlpi sungah kha mangthang veina leh awlmawhna nakpi takin hong khang hi. Hih tawh kitonin pawlpi leh mission kipawlna tuamtuamte in hih gam thakte ah missionary khahkhiat ding nakpi takin hong hanciam uh hi. Hih hun sungin Europe gam bek hi loin America gam panin zong mission kipawlna tampi takin leitung mun tuamtuam ah missionary tampi takah sawlkhia uh hi. Tua ahih manin kum zalom 19 hun pen pawlpi khang tangthu adingin mission nasepna ah a muibut mahmah leh mainawt diak hun hi ci-in kiciamteh hi.

 

England 

 

Anglican pawlpi sung panin 1698 kumin Khristian thuhilhna khansak ding a deih kipawlna khat – Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) kici hong piang hi. Hih kipawlna in a tup leh ngimte pen – sanginn hon’ ding, Lai Siangtho hawmkhiat ding, England leh Welsh gam sunga a inn khempeuh ah Lungdamna Thu puak ding, cihte ahi hi. 1701 kumin gam dangah Lungdamna Thu pulak ding kipawlna masa pen - Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG) kiphuan hi. Leitung bupah Lungdamna Thu kizelhsak ding, cih pen a tuppi pen uh ahi hi. Tua khit a sawt loin England gam sung mah ah Baptist Missionary Society kiphuankhia a, 1792 kumin a phuankhiate lak-a khat – William Carey a missionary masa pen dingun India ah hong kuan hi. A sawt loin William Carey’ nungzui-in England gam panin mi tampi tak Africa, South America, North America leh Asia gamte ah missionary in kuan uh hi.

 

 

Germany

 

Denmark kumpi Frederick IV in India gam ah missionary sawlkhiat ding lunggulhna lianpi nei hi.  Denmark gam sung panin tua banga a kuan thei ding mi a ngah zawh loh ciangin Halle University panin German sangnaupang – Bartholomew Ziegenbalg leh Henry Pluetschaute sawlin, July 9, 1706 in India gam hong tung uh hi. Amau gel pen Protestant pawlpi sung pan leh Lutheran pawlpi sung panin gamdang ah missionary a kuankhia masa pente ahi uh hi.

 

Africa gamte ah

 

Africa leilu lam gamte ah nungzuite’ hun lai pekin Khristian tampi tak na om khin zo hi. Alexandria khuapi bang pen Khristian thu-upna laigilpite a hong pian’khiatna ahi hi. Ahi zongin kum zalom 7 kiim-a kipanin Muslimte hong khan uh ciangin hih gam khempeuh pen Muslim gam hong suakin, pawlpi pen si lah nungta bangin nungta lialiai-in tawm pha mahmah hi (tu ni dongin hih pawlpite pen Coptic Khristian kici uh a, Orthodox pawlpi ngeina zui uh hi).

 

Kum zalom 17 in Dutch mite (Netherland) in Africa leitaw lam gam tampi tak a hong lak uh tawh kituakin tua gam thakte ah a lomlomin hong teng uh hi. Amaute pang beelin 1737 kumin Moravians-te in Cape Town ah mission phual hong sat uh a, damdamin a gam mite’ lakah pawlpi hong phuan uh hi. Hih pen Africa minamte sunga pawlpi a kiphuh masakna pen ahi hi. 1752 kum in England gam panin SPG (Society for Propagation of the Gospel) pawlte’ sawlna tawh Anglican sia khat Cape coast hong tung hi. Tua khit 1799 kumin London Missionary Societyte in zong a missionary masa pen uh hong sawl uh hi. 

 

London Missionary Societyte missionary minthang mahmah David Livingstone 1841 kumin Cape Town hong tung hi. Cape Town a kipanin Botswana gam ah pai in, tua lai panin Africa gam sungtawng mun tampi tak va pha hi. A khualzinna mun leh mualte, a tuah thute, leh a gam mite’ nuntak ziate limtakin ciamtehin a thute England ah puak zel hi. Tua a thugelhte London a National Geographics-te in a magazine uh ah tuangsak den uh hi. Hih thu hangin mi tampi takin Africa gam thu theihlawhin a sawt loin Africa gam mu nuam leh mission nasem nuam tampi tak Africa gam hong tung uh hi.  Kum zalom 20 na bul lamin Africa gam laizang panin leitaw lam khempeuh pen Khristian gam suak khin dektak hi.

 

North America

 

Europe panin North America gam zuanin a tam zawte pen nek leh tak leh khuasakna hoih zaw lunggulhna tawh a pai ahi uh hi. Khristian vive ahih manun a omomna uh-ah biakinn lamin, pawlpi phuan uh hi. Ahi zongin 1629-1640 kikal sungin England gam panin mihing 20,000 val hong paite pen bawlsiatna a thuak Puritans pawlte ahi uh hi. Tua mah bangin France gam sunga Protestant pawlpite tawh kibuaina hanga galtai pawl khat zong Canada hong tungin Roman Catholic pawlpi phuan uh hi. Hih Roman Catholic pawlpite in a nung ciangin Mexico, Texas leh California cihte ah missionary sawlin pawlpi phuan uh hi. 

 

Europe panin mi tampi tak America hong tun’ uh ciangin tua lai mah ah a teng mi masa tualsak mite – Red India mite’ gam tampi suhsak uh ahih manin kum tampi tak sa leh galin kinei uh hi. Ahi zongin Massachusets ah Baptist pawlpi sia Roger Williams in mikangte in Red India minamte a bawlsiat pen dik lo hi, ci-in kumpi leh pawlpite’ gamtatnate nakpi takin dem hi. Tua banga kumpi leh pawlpi a demna hangin khua sung panin kihawlkhia a, tua ciangin ama’n zong Red India mite va beel hi. A sawt loin England leh Netherland panin a hong pai Baptist pawlpite in amah va beel uh a, tampi tak Rhode Island kim lakah hong teng uh hi.  Tua ahih manin Roger Williams pen America gam sunga Baptist pawlpite’ pa hi kici liang hi.

 

America gam sunga sila a lom a lom in hong kizuak ciangin evangelical pawlpi tampi takin na nang uh hi. Civil war hong kipat tungin Quakers pawlpite, American Baptistte (Southern Baptist hilo) leh Methodistte in sila a nei peuhmah a pawlpi sung panun hawlkhia uh hi.

 

South America

 

South America ah Protestant kipuahphatna a omma pekin Roman Catholic pawlpi na ding khin zo hi.  Tua pawlpite pen kum zalom 15 lai-in Pope Alexander VI in a thupiakna tawh Spain leh Portugal mite in a na phuh uh ahi hi. Hih gam nihte gel pen tua hun lai-in gam thupi pente ahih mah bangun Pope in lei thak-gam thak a zongkhia (explore) ding leh tua gamte ah Lungdamna Thu a puak ding leh pawlpi sik leh tangin a ding dingin a sehte ahi uh hi. Portugese khualzinmi Vasco Da Gama zong India gam a hong tun’ khit a sawt loin Christopher Columbus (Spanish mi) in America gam va mukhia (discovered) hi. Tua tawh kitonin Central America leh South America leilu lam teng kum zalom 15-16 kikalin Spain mite in thagum tawh hong luahto uh hi. A gam mite’ leitang neih khempeuh thagum tawh suhsakin, a biakna munte uh a suksiat khit uh ciangin amau’ na sem dingin man uh hi. Pawlpi siate in damdam in Lungdamna Thu hilh ding hong kipan uh a, a sawt loin tampi tak thu um mi hong suak uh hi. A cilin pawlpi siate pen Spain gam panin a hong paite vive hi a, a sawt loin a gam mite’ sung panin zong khat leh nih hong om uh hi. Ahi zongin Spain minamte in Amerindians (a gam mite) siate pen sang zo taktak lo uh ahih manin tawlpi khat pawlpi sia kisam mahmah uh ahih manin pawlpi thazawm mahmah hi. Pawlpi sung nangawh ah minam kidandantuamna sawtpi tak na om hi. Kum zalom 19 pawl a kipanin Spain leh Portugal kumpite a kipanin gam tampi in suahtakna a hong ngah uh ciangin pawlpite pen a gam kumpite’ khut nuai-ah om nawn loin Rome in tangtakin thuneih khum hi. Tua banga pawlpite pen kumpite in a huh nawn loh uh ciangin hong thanem mahmah uh hi.

 

South America ah a cilin kumpite in Protestant missionaryte lut ding na phal lo uh hi. Ahi zongin kum zalom 19 hun-a kipanin England mite kituamkhop theihna ding leh England panin sia a lak ding uh kiphalsak ahih manin Brazil  Anglican biakinn masa pen 1826 kumin ki-ap hi. Amau nungah a sawt loin Lutheran leh Calvin pawlpite kiphalsak a, tua hun in amaute’ pang beelin missionary tampi tak hong lut uh hi. 

 

India

 

India gam ah pawlpi kum zalom khatna pekin na om khin zo hi. Hih pawlpi pen mi dang kua dang phuh hi loin Topa Jesu’ nungzui Thomas mahmah in a nuntakna suplawh lianga a hong phuhkhiat ahi hi. Hih pawlpite pen kum zalom 4 lai-in Persia gam panin a hong galtaite in nakpi takin phungvuh uh a, tu-in St. Thomas Syrian Orthodox Church kici-in Kerala ah pawlpi lian pente lak-a khat ahi hi.

 

A tunga i gensate bangin Pope Alexander VI in Spain leh Portugal gamte in gam a keek theihna dingn thuneihna a piak tawh kituakin May 20, 1498 in Portuguese khualzinmi – Vasco Da Gama Calicut hong tung hi. Tua khit a sawt loin Portugal gam pan mahin Alfonso de Albuquerque kicipa 1509 kum in Goa hong tungin, 1510 kumin Goa buppi la hi. Goa khuapi a lak tawh kituakin a khua mite Khristian a suahna dingun zol ding hong kipan pah hi. Tua dingin Portuguese mite tawh teen’ khawm ding cih leh Khristiante bek kumpi nasem a lak ding, cih hong kalsuanpih hi. Hih thu hangin mi tampi tak Khristian hong suak uh hi.

 

A sawt loin Jesuit siampi Francis Xavier zong May 6, 1542 in Goa hong tung hi. Amah pen Jesuits phuankhiapa’ Ignatius Loyala’ lawm hoih mahmah hi a, Jesuits a phuankhiate lakah zong kihel hi. A hong tun’ khit a sawt loin khua sung leh khua kiim-a om temple khempeuh susia-in mi tampi tak thagum tawh Khristian suaksak hi. Jesuits kicite pen Protestant Reformation khitin pawl taite pawlpi sungah lutpih kik ding ngiatin a kiphuan ahih mah bangun, Kerala a Syrian Orthodox pawlte zong thagum tawh Roman pawlpi sungah kaihlut ding sawm uh hi. Ahi zongin Thomas’ pawlpite na khauh lua mahmah uh ahih manin kailut zo lo uh hi. 

 

India gam-a Protestant missionary hong pai masa pen Lutheran pawlpi mi Bartholomew Ziegenbalg leh Henry Pluetschaute ahi uh hi. Amau gel pen Denmark kumpi Federic IV in a hong sawl hi a, Tranquebar, July 9, 1709 in Tamil Nadu hong tung uh hi. A sawt loin Tamil pau tawh Thuciam Thak tei-in, Labu leh pawlpi kithuhilhnate zong amau pau tawh bawlsak uh hi.

 

1793 kumin England gam-a Baptist missionary society in William Carey leh John Thomas hong sawl uh hi. A cilin Calcutta ah kinga uh a, ahi zongin Bristish East India Company in amau ukna khuapite ah missionary nasep phal lo uh ahih manin Denmark in a luahna Serampore ah kisuan uh hi. A sawt loin laikhetna lam a siam William Ward leh sangsia Joshua Marshmante Carey huh dingin hong pai uh hi. Amaute tawh kithuahin Bengali, Oriya, Marathi, Hindi, Assamese, leh Sanskrit tawh Lai Siangtho buppi tei a, pau dang nam 29 tawh Lai Siangtho mun pawl khat tei hi. Tua bek hi loin mission nasep ding zia leh thu um lote ngahna ding cih laibu hong bawlkhia a, tua in England leh America gam-a English pau a zang Khristian tampi tak missionary dingin hong kuankhia uh hi. Tua bek tham loin, hih laibu tungtawnin America gam-a mission board minthang mahmah ‘The American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Mission hong piangkhia a, leitungah missionary a sawlkhia tam pen hong suak uh hi. A sawt loin America gam panin Adoniram Judson zong amaute’ pang beelin hong om a, tawlkhat sung amau tawh a sepkhop khit ciangin Kawl pai-in Kawlgam adingin missionary thupi pen hong suak hi.  William Carey’ nungah Protestant leh Catholic missionary tampi tak Europe pan leh America panin hong pai uh hi. Hih missionaryte in India gam sung mun tuamtuam ah sanginn, zato inn tampi tak hong phuan uh a, a sanginn phuankhiatte uh tu-in India gam sunga sanginn hoih pente hong suak khin hi.

 

China

 

China  kum zalom 7 lai pekin Lungdamna Thu na kipualut khin zo hi. Ahi zongin kum zalom 16 a Jesuits missionaryte hong lut ciang bekin Lungdamna Thu in China  zung taktak hong kha pan hi. 1582 kumin Jesuit missionary pawl khat Goa panin hong pai uh a, laipilna sanginn hongin Europe gamte’ laipilna – Science, Mathematics, Cartography, leh Astronomy cihte hilh ding hong kipan uh hi. A sawt loin Chinese pau-in pawlpi kithuhilhna (Cathecism) thu bawlsakin, tua tawh kizui in mi tampi tak Khristian hong suak uh hi. Jesuits missionaryte khit ciangin Francisante hong pai uh a, ahi zongin kumpite tawh kitelkhialhna nei uh ahih manin kihawlkhia hi.

 

Kum zalom 18 & 19 sunga Protestantte sungah mission nasepna nakpi takin hong khan ciangin Europe leh America gam-a mission organization khempeuh phial China ah hong lut uh hi.  Protestant missionary masa pen London Missionary Societyte’ missionary –Robert Morrison ahi hi. British East India Company in a pai ding dal uh ahih manin America gam tawnin ni 1,313 kiim a pai khit ciangin September ni 4, 1807 kumin Macau hong tung hi. China gam a tun’ khit a kum 12na kumin Chinese pau-in a Lai Siangtho tei zo a, tua tawh Chinese Grammar Book leh Chinese English dictionary zong bawl hi. Hihte pen Chinate bek hi loin, a nunga missionary hong pai tampi takin phattuampih mahmah uh hi.

 

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mission (ABCFM)-te’ missionary – Peter Parker kici 1834 kumin China hong tung hi. Amah pen China gam ah mission zato inn a hong masa pen hi a, China gam-a missionary khempeuh lak panin a muibun pen hi ci-in kiciamteh hi. England gam panin Hudson Taylor (1832-1905) a hong tun’ ciangin khuatate leh singtang dawn lamah na nakpi takin hong sem hi. China Inland Mission phuanin, hih tungtawnin khuatate ah mission nasem tampi tak sawllut hi. A sawt loin, hih khuatate a sanginnte pen China gam sunga sanginn minthang mahmahte hong suak hi. 

 

1949 kum pawl a kipan Communistte hong hat uh ciangin biakna khempeuh nakpi takin bawlsiat ding hong kipan uh a, gamdang panin missionary khempeuh nawhkhia uh hi.  1966-1976 kikal sungin ngeina kipuahphat hun, Cultural Revolution kicih hun sungin biakna kici khempeuh nakpi takin nengniamin nelhsiah uh a, biakinnte khaksak uh hi. Ahi zongin kumpi theihpih lohin a simthamin a innte uh-ah kikhawmin, damdamin hong khangtoto uh hi. Lai Siangtho sanginn kician mel om thei lo ahih manin siate in amau tha kheng dingte lim takin ciilin makaih uh ahih manin pawlpi pen nakpi takin hong khang hanhan hi. 

 

Kum zalom 19 sungin leitung gam khempeuh phial ah Lungdamna Thu kipuak a, pawlpi tampi tak kiphuan hi. Hih bangin nakpi takin mission na a kisep theihna pen Europe leh America gam-a Protestant pawlpite sunga kha khanlawhna a tun’na hang ahi hi. Ni dangin Roman Catholicte in zong missionary gam tuamtuam ah na sawl uh a, a gam mite’ neihsate leh lamsate suksiatsakin thagum leh thatang tawh pawlpi na phuan uh hi. Ahi zongin Protestant pawlpite’ missionaryte in thagum leh thatang zang loin itna takpi tawh a gam mite laipilna sinsakin, lokhawh leh nek leh tak zon’ ding zia hoih zawte hilhin, a cina leh damlote khoi uh hi. Hih thu hangin a gam mite in zong missionaryte it-in pawlpi zong khan cihtakin hong khangsak hi. Tua ahih manin kum zalom 19 leh 20 kikal sungin pawlpi khanna pen Protestant missionaryte’ nasepna hang ahi hi.

___________________________________________

 

 

 

Chapter XI

 

Kum zalom 20 leh 21 hunin pawlpi kipawlkhopna leh kalsuannate

 

Kum zalom 18-19 kikal pen Protestant pawlpite’ mission nasepna lamsang ah a khan mahmah hun ahih mah bangin kum zalom 20na leuleu pen mission kipawlna tuamtuamte leh pawlpi tuamtuamte a kipawlkhop hun leh a pan’khop hun uh ahi hi. Tua bek hi loin kum zalom 18-19 sungin missionary a sawlkhia ziahziah gamte ah biakna in khua sungah mun tang zo nawn lo a, pawlpi nakpi takin a kiam lai takin, mission fieldte ah khanlawhna nakpi takin hong tungin pawlpite khan cihtakin khang ahih manin nitumna lam gamte’ sangin hong tam zaw ta hi. Tua ahih manin kum zalom 20 hun-a kipanin Khristiante’ thu a kigen ciangin ni tumna lam gamte’ thu sangin ni suahna lam leh leitaw lam gamte’ thute hong hi zaw ta hi.

 

Edinburgh 1910 & the Ecumenical Movement

 

Leitunga mission kipawlna tuamtuamte in mission nasepna lamsang ah khantohna lian zaw a om theihna ding lunggulhna tawh 1910 kumin Scotland gamte khuapi Edinburgh ah leitung bup missionary khawmpi nei uh hi. Tua lai-ah leitung gam 160 sung panin missionary leh pawlpi palai 1,200 kiim kihel hi. Hih khawmpi hun sungin missionaryte leh missionary a sawlkhia pawlpite in mission nasepna tawh kisai-ah haksatna tuamtuam a phutkhak thute uh leh mailam kalsuan zia ding thute nakpi takin kikum khawm uh hi. Missionary tampi takin hih khawmpi sungin mission field-ah a tuah khak uh thu hoih tampite pulak uh a, tuate in palai paikhawmte nakpi takin thalawpsakin tha ngah mahmah uh hi.

 

India gam panin palai – Bishop V.S. Azaraiah in ni tumna lam gam panin missionary hong paite leh mission field phual-a omte kikal ah kitanauna leh kizopna hoih sem a om theihna dinga ki-itna leh kilawmtatna a kisap dan nakpi takin gen hi. Khawmpi makaipipa John R. Mott in a khawmpi hun khakna hunah, “I khawmpi thulu in – hih khang sungin leitung mun khempeuh ah Lungdamna Thu kizelhsak ding, ci ahih manin hih khawmpi pen leitung bup lak ding nasep kipatna hi,” ci-in palai paikhawmte nakpi takin hanthawn hi.

 

Hih khawmpi pen pawlpi khangthu sungah kikhopna poimawh pen leh gah manpha tam a suang penin kiciamteh hi. Hih khawmpi hangin a sawt loin leitung bup missionaryte kipawlna – International Missionary Council (1921) hong piang hi. Hih khawmpi hun sungin gam cih mun cih ah mission kipawlna tuamtuamte kipawlkhop ding a poimawhna a kigen tawh kituakin mission kipawlnate bek hi loin pawlpi tampi tak zong hong kipawl khawm hi. Tua bek hi loin hih tungtawnin a sawt loin leitung bup Khristiante kipawlna – World Council of Churches hong piangkhia hi.

 

World Council of Churches

 

Edinburgh mission khawmpi khit a sawt loin leitung bup Orthodox pawlpite in Constantinople ah khawmpi khat nei uh a, tua lai-ah League of Nations bangin leitung gam khempeuh ah a om pawlpi khempeuh kipawlkhopna khat neih ding hoih a sakna thu pawlpi makaipa in hong pulakin, tua tawh kituakin pawlpi lian tampite laikhak hi. 1938 kumin leitung gam 100 sunga pawlpi makai tampi takin leitung bup pawlpite kipawlna a pian’na dingin thukim uh hi. Ahi zongin Galpi Nihna in hong lap man ahih manin Galpi Nihna a bei khit August 23, 1948 in Amsterdam khuapi-ah pawlpi 100 val panin pawlpi’ palai 147 pai khawmte in namkipna nei uh hi.  Hih kipawlna ah Roman Catholic pawlpite sim loh leitunga pawlpi lian khempeuh kihel hi. 1965 Vatican khawmpi khit-a kipanin Roman Catholic pawlpi in taangmi ding palai sawl hi.

 

Evangelicalte leh Lausanne kipawlna

 

International Missionary Council a kiphuat cilin leitung khempeuh ah Lungdamna Thu puak ding cih pen a tup leh a ngimna bulpi pen uh ahi hi. Ahi zongin hunte hong kikheelin, mission nasepna pen Jesu’ min tawh thu umite in i gamtat khuaheina tawh teci pan’na hi a, kha mangthang matna thu bek hilo hi, cih thuhilhna hong paipih uh hi. Tua bek loin, 1961 kum in IMC pen WCC sunga pawlpi kahiang khat bang lel a hong suah ciangin ni dangin a mission sep dan uh tawh hong kibang lo tektek ahih manin evangelical pawlpi leh mission kipawlna tampi takin IMC nusiatsan uh hi.

 

Hih bang thu teng hangin 1966 kumin Billy Graham Evangelistic Associationte’ saina nuai-ah leitung bup evangelical missionaryte kimuhkhopna – World Congress on Evangelism kici Germany khuapi Berlin ah tung hi. Tua lai-ah leitung gam 100 panin missionary, evangelist, leh pawlpi makai 1,200 kiim bang kihel hi. Hih khawmpi thupi in – Minam khat, Lungdamna Thu khat, sep ding khat, cih ahi hi.  Hih khawmpi bei khit a sawt loin mun tampi takah thusinna leh kikholhkhawmna nei kawikawi uh hi.

 

1974 kumin Billy Graham’ makaihna mah tawh Switzerland gam-a Lausanne khuapi-ah International congress on World Evangelization kibawl kik hi. Hih hun in gam 150 panin palai 2,400 kiim paikhawm uh a, khawmpi-a kihel a tam zawte pen ni dangin mission field gam panin pastor leh evangeliste ahi hi.  Hih khawmpi tungtawnin leitung pilna-siamna tawh kituakin nasep theihna ding leh kipawlna ding thu tampi tak ngaihsun khawm uh hi. Hih tawh kitonin Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization (LCWE) kipawlna kiphuan a, leitung bup-a evangelical pawlpi tampite’ kikhaikhopna hong suak hi.

 

Vactican II leh Roman Catholic pawlpi sunga kipuahphatna

 

Leitung pilna leh siamna a hong khan leh sang semsem tawh kituakin thuthak leh ngeina thak tampi hong piang a, tuate tawh kisai-in pawlpi kipuahphatna ding ngimna-in Pope John XXIII in Catholic pawlpi vaihawmna khawmpi Vatican khuapi-ah sam hi. A khawmpi pen October 12, 1962 in kipan a, December 8, 1965 in kizo hi. Tua lai-ah Roman Catholic Bishop 2,400 val kihel hi. Hih khawmpi sungin pawlpi biakpiakna puahphatna ding leh pawlpi mite in Lai Siangtho Thu a theih zawkna dingin bangci kalsuan ding cih thu a kipan, pawlpi kalsuan zia ding leh thu-uppite a neng a tawngin vel thakin kikum uh hi. Hih khawmpi sungin mimal in Lai Siangtho a sim theihna ding, pau namkim tawh Lai Siangtho a kiteina ding, biakpiakna ah a tam thei pen tualsung mite’ pau zatna ding, cih leh pawlpi mi a tam thei pen pawlpi’ nasepna a kihelsak ding, cih thute thukim uh hi. Tua leh pawl dangte tawh kisai ah – mission pawlpite in amau omna khua leh tuite ngeina leh thuciin ngeinate uh a zahtaksak ding leh Lungdamna Thu zong amau san’ theih dingin amau ngeina tawh kituakin hilh ding; mission nasepna ah i kiim i kianga pawlpi dangte tawh kikhutzopin kalsuan khop ding, cih thute zong thukim uh hi.

 

Tua ahih manin nidangin Roman pawlpi ahi lote thu umi banga a san’ zawh loh uh pen, hih khawmpi a kipanin Pasian pawlpi sunga sanggam khat bangin sang ta uh hi. Hih tawh kituakin World Council of Churches ah a kihel lian loh uh hangin palai leh taangmi ding sawl uh a, Protestant leh Orthodox pawlpite tawh kitheisiamna bawl ding hong hahkat mahmah ta uh hi. Tua ahih manin hih Vatican II pen Roman Catholic pawlpi sung bek hi loin leitung bup pawlpite leh thu umite sungah kikheelna lianpi khatin kingaihsun hi.

 

Pentecostal leh Charismatic pawlte hong khanna

 

Kum zalom 20na sungi pawlpi khang hat pen Pentecostal pawlpi ahi hi. England gam-a John Wesley’ makaihna nuai-ah pian’thakna leh kha sunga suahkikna thu a hong kihah gen khit nunga kipan pawlpi tampi tak sungah khami tampi tak hong piang hi. Hih thu mah America gam sungah Whitefield leh DL Moody-te in nakpi takin hong tangko uh a, hih tungtawnin khanhanlawhna lianpi hong piang hi. A sawt loin piangthak khinsate zong kha sunga kituiphumkik kul hi, cih thu kum zalom 19 bei kuan lamin Methodist pawlpi sungah mi pawl khatte in hong tangko hi.

 

1906 kumin William J. Seymour’ makaihna tawh Los Angeles khuapi Azusa kongzing lakah kha khanlawhna lianpi hong tung hi. April 9, 1906 nitakin Seymour leh a lawm mi sagihte Pasian’ Kha Siangtho hong tun’ ding a ngak lai takun, kekkia bangin thakhat thu-in a vekpi un leilak kiden’na uh a, kamtuam pau-in Pasian phat uh hi. Hih tungtawnin Azusa kongzing lakah kha khanlawhna lianpi hong tungin mi tampi takin cidamna zong hong ngah uh hi. North America, Europe leh gam dang panin mi tampi takin hih kha khanlawhna mu nuamin Los Angeles ah hong pai uh a, khanlawhna pen gam meikang bangin leitung mun tampi tak peh-in hong kizeel pah hi.  Tu-in hih pawlpite leitung mun khempeuh ah om a, amau omna ciat uh-ah pawlpi khang hat pente hong hi uh hi. Tuate lakah Assembly of God pawlpi leh Church of God pawlpite pen a nak khan pha diak pawlpite ahi uh hi. Hih pawlpite in Kha sunga kituiphumna leh Kha Siangtho letsongte lim gen mahmah uh, biakna leh phatna thupi bawl mahmah uh a, hauhna leh khansauna thuphate nakpi takin tangko uh hi.

 

Independent pawlpite

 

Europe ah pawlpi kipuahphatna a hong tun’ khit a sawt loin pawlpi tampi tak – Puritanste, Congregationalistte, leh Baptist pawlpite in tualsung pawlpite pen suakta takin a om ding deih uh hi. Ahi zongin kum zalom 19 leh 20 sunga mission nasepna ah pawlpi tuamtuamte kipawlkhopna a hong khan tawh kituakin hih pawlpite zong a khawk-khawk, ahih kei leh gam khat sunga omte hong kipawlkhawm uh hi.

 

Ahi zongin Galpi Nihna hong bei zawh a sawt loin evangelical leh Pentecostal pawlpite’ sung panin mi dang tawh kizom lo a tuam om nopna lungsim a nei tampi tak hong om hi. Hih bang pawlpite in pawl dangte bangi mi dang tawh kipawkkhopna (denomination) a neih loh uh hangin vai tuamtuam ah a thu-uppihte uh tawh kalsuan khawmin nasem khawm (networking) uh hi. Hih bang pawlpite pen bulpi nei lo pawlpite ahih manun denomination pawlpite in pawlpi taktakin sang zo lo uh hi. Tua bek hi loin denomination pawlpite pan a taikhia pawlpite hi sawnsawn lai uh ahih manin hih dan pawlpite pen pawlpi liante in tuu a gu pawlpi ci-in ko uh hi. A sawt loin hih bang pawlpite a hong tam mahmah uh ciangin pawlpi kahiang dang hong phuan uh a, tua a pawlpi phuatte uh amau khut nuai-ah om sakin, denomination pawlpite mah bangin tua pawlpite tawh hong kizom kik veve uh hi. Tua bek tham loin, kum 2000 khit huih lak-a kizopna (Internet) a hong hoih mahmah tawh kituakin America gam ah pawlpi tampi takin kikhopna buk mun tuamtuam ah hongin, mun khat panin internet tungtawnin a Senior Pastor pa uh thugen ngai khawm uh hi.

 

Mission Pawlpite

 

Kum zalom 19 bei kuan leh kum zalom 20 kipat cil lam-a kipanin pawlpi tawn lo mimal leh lawmta kipawlkhawm mission kipawlna tuamtuam hong piang hi. A tangpi in hih kipawlnate in pawlpite in a sep loh uh mission nasepna tuamtuamte hong sem uh hi. Gentehna in, World Vision pawl bangin mi cimawh mangbangte leh mi zawngte lakah na semin, Operation Mobilization in Khristian laibu hawmna tawh Lungdamna Thu puak ding nakpi takin hong hanciam uh a, leitung gam khempeuh phial ah tu-in na sem uh hi. Hih mission kipawlnate in pawlpi in a bat phak loh leh a sep khak loh mi tampi tak phattuamna ding semkhia uh hi. Hih tawh kituakin India gam sungah mission organization – Indian Evangelical Mission leh Friends Missionary Prayer Band cihte hong kiphuan a, India gam, a diakin Orissa, Chattisgarh, Bihar leh Gujarat state cihte ah nakpi takin na hong sem uh hi. Hih bang missionaryte pen pawlpi’ sawl hilo ahih manun a pawlpi phuhte uh tawlpi khat sung independent mission pawlpi hong hi uh hi. Pawl khat pen a pawlpi a hong picin’ ciangin a kiang nai pen a om pawlpi liante (CNI, Methodist) ap uh a, pawl khatte in tua pawlpite’ tungtawnin pawlpi thak hong phuan uh hi. Gentehna dingin, Gospel for Asia mission pawlpite pen Believer’s Church kici a, Operation Mobilization Indiate mission pawlpite pen Good Shepherd Church kici uh hi. Hih bangin a pawlpite uh a hong khan semsem ciangin a tawpna ah denomination pawlpite mah bangin hong om uh hi.

 

Kum zalom 20 leh 21 sungin Pentecostal pawlpite leh local independent pawlpite nakpi takin a khan lai takun, denominational pawlpite nakpi takin kiam hi. Tua mah bangin hun khat lai-a missionary a sawlkhia ziahziah ni tumna gam lam pawlpite pen nakpi takin kiam a, ni suahna gam lam leh leitaw lam-a pawlpite hong tam zaw ta uh hi. Tua bek tham loin ni tumna lam-a denomination pawlpi lian tampi takin a thu upte uh leitung kikheelna tawh kizui-in kheel toto uh ahih manin tua bang pawlpite tampi tak kitamkham hi. A diakin neih kibang kiteen’na (same-sex marriage) tawh kisai ah America gam-a Episcopal (Anglican) leh Methodist pawlpite sungah kikhenna liangpi piang a, pawl khatin Asia leh Africa gam-a pawlpite lamah tai-in hong leh belh uh hi. Tua bek tham loin, leitung bup pawlpi kipawlna leh mission kipawlna tuamtuamte ah Asia leh Africa mite in makaihna hong leen toto ta hi. Tua bek hi loin, mission kipawlna zumpi tampi tak zong nitumna lam gamte panin hih gam nihte ah hong kisuan panpan ta hi. Ni tumna lam gamte in sum leh paai leh sanginn hoih tampi a neih manun amaute pen gam dangte in tawl khat a beel lai hi bek lel a, a sawt loin ni suahna lam gam tampi takte amau tawh liangko kikimin hong om pah ding uh hi. Tu-in Korea gam pen leitungah America zom ah missionary tam a sawlkhia pen hi a, a sawt loin China zong pen leitunga a Khristian milip tamna pen leh gam hausa pen hong hi ding hi. Tua ahih manin Asia pawlpite pen a sawt loin a madawk pen hong hi pah ta ding hi.

LAIBU ETTE

 

Cairns, Earle E.  Christianity Through the Centuries (revised edition). Grand Rapids:

Zondervan, 1996.

 

Firth, C.B.  An Introduction to India Church History. Madras: The Christian Literature Society,

            1983.

 

González, Justo L. The Story of Christianity: Volume 1: The Early Church to the Dawn of the

Reformation. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1984.

 

______The Story of Christianity: Volume 2: The Reformation to the Present Day. New York:

Harper & Row Publishers, 1985

 

Hastings, Adrian (ed.). A World History of Christianity. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans

Publishing Company, 1999.

 

Hrangkhuma, F.  An Introduction to Church History. Bangalore: Theological Book Trust,

            2002