NUG IN A GENNA BANGIN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY OR UN IN LEGITIMATE GOVERNMENT IN SANG ZIAU THEI DING MAW? INTERNATIONAL POLTICS PAI ZIA ETNA PANIN MYANMAR POLITICS A BEISA LEH MABAN KUPNA
Sept. 16: Myanmar gam pen 1962 panin 2011 kikal dong junta dictators regime nuai-ah kum 49 sung piikpeek na om hi. March 2, 1962 in Ne Win' coup khit nungin democracy zat kikhawlsak (suspended) a, 1962 panin 1988 dong Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) in Burmese' socialism ngeina zia (Way of Burmese Solialism) a cih bulphuhin party khat bek a om ding phalin "one-party state" tawh gam hong ukcip hi.
BSPP in Burma gam leitung bup panin dangkoih ahih kei leh tuamkoihna (isolationsm) zangin Socialist Republic gam suaksak a, Donald Trump in US gam leh ama administration officials singin mikangte vive bek panmun guanin, Mikangte thupi pen leh minam dangte sangin sangzaw hi ci-in white supremacy a lim zat mahmah bangin junta' BSPP in Kawlte bek thupisakna tawh Burmese superiority hong zang ngekngek hi. Tua bangin BSPP in Burmese superiority a zat a cimtak mahmah leh dawi gilo bangin gengen napi-in Trump' white supremacist policy peuh a pum gup leh Pasian' mi zatpa hi, ci-in a pum phat ngam tu dong kitam mahmah ahih manin mihing ngaihsutna nei mipil kisa a kitam hangin thankik i batna mah hong kilang khia zel hi.
Gen. Saw Maung' makaihna tawh 1988 kum panin Burma ah military government a makaih min ding State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) cih hong zang hi. March 30, 2011 in Senior General leh Council Chairman Than Shwe in a kumpi suaikaihna (decree) tawh hih Council official in a phiatna suai na kai hi. 1988 panin 1997 kikal sungin BSPP a laihna dingin SPDC cih kizang pen State Law and Order Restoration Council (Burmese: နိုင်ငံတော် ငြိမ်ဝပ်ပိပြားမှု တည်ဆောက်ရေးအဖွဲ့; abbreviated SLORC or နဝတ) ci-in kithei zaw hi. Nov. 15, 1997 in SLORC kiphiatin State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) ci-in a min na laih uh hi.
SPDC makaihna nuai-a senior military officers 11 om uh uh hi. SPDC government nuai-ah junior military officers leh nautang cabinet ministers panmun lente sangin junta' senior military officers 11te in thuneihna lianzaw nei uh hi. SPDC nuai-ah senior military officers 11te thuneih khum zawk lohna sun pen Defence minister panmun (portfolio) a len junta makai Than Swe' tung bek hi. Sept. 15, 1993 in SPDC in Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) ci-in a min a laih khit nungun 29 March 2010 election hunin Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) ci-in a min hong laih kik leuleu hi. Tua zawh tu ni dongin USDP om suak den hi.
SLORC in thuneihna a lak ni Sept. 19, 1988 in The Working People's Day ah a Order suaksak hi. SLORC ah Chairman masa General Saw Maung hi a, tua khitin Senior General in a za a khan' khit Prime Minister len hi. 23 April 1992 in General Than Swe in senior General za hong let ciangin SLORC Chairman leh Prime Minister panin Saw Maung kipaikhia hi.
1988 kumin junta in thuneihna a let kik khit nungin BSPP hunin "totalitarian Burmese Way to Socialism" a kici amau deih bangin Kawlgam taal kaihna panin a nungkik hangin junta regime in human rights a palsatna nasia mahmah zom lai hi, ci-in ngawhna tuak hi. Myanmar gam sungah galtai Internally Displaced Peoples (IDPs) mi 600,000 bang om hi, ci-in kituat hi. Junta regime in 1990 election ah gualzawhna ngah democratic icon Aung San Suu Kyi leh a makaih NLD' gualzawhna sang nuam loin Suu Kyi a inn ah khumcip (house arrest) a, Nov. 13, 2010 in suaktasak pan hi. Junta makaih council March 30, 2011 in official in kiphiat a, a kiteelcing thak government ah a council member lui leh Prime Minister panmun a len President Thein Sein in hong makaih hi.
President Thein Sein in gam hong makaih nungin gamvai kilaihna (political transition) damdamin hong om a, military-drafted 2008 constitution nuai-ah galkapte thuneihna a kikhiam suk tawh kituakin Myanmar gamah semi-democratic system or quasi-democracy tawh ki-uk hong kipan hi. 1989 kumin Burma in a official min "Union of Burma" panin "Union of Myanmar" ci-in laih a, tua khit nungin "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" ci-in laih kik leuleui-in tu dong a gam min official dingin kizang suak lai hi.
Jan. 31, 2021 in media leh news outlets tuamtuamte in military in ukna buluh (coup) sawmin governing NLD members pawl khatte manin hencip hi, ci hi. National League for Democracy (NLD) spokesman Myo Nyunt in, "Military in Myanmar capital Naypitaw ah thuneihna la khin zo uh bang ta hi," ci-in gen hi.
Nov. 8, 2020 elections ah NLD in gualzawhna lianpi a ngahna a tangko khiat nungin buaina hong kipan a, military in vote a man loin kikhiatna leh vote gukna (election fraud) om hi ci-in a gen hangin a teci leh thukankhiatna nei beek loin tang ngawh pong hi. Election fraud paulapna tawh Feb 1, 2021 ni-in military in zawhthawh thu zangin thuneihna la (coup d'état) a, NLD government panin presidential powers suhsak hi. Tua khit nungin leitunga broadcasters tuamtuamte in Myanmar democracy pusuah khiat theihna ding a om nawn lo lampi tawpna (dead end) tung ta hi, ci-in gen ngeingai uh hi.
Myanmar ah vote kigukna om hi cih November 8, 2020 elections bek hilo hi. 2012 by-elections ah Dec 13, 2011 in political party in registration a ngahkik pan NLD in tutna 44 lak panin 43 tak na ngah pah ahih manin USDP in vote kiguk om hi, ci-in Union Election Commission (UEC) kiangah heek hi. NLD in zong vote sim theih loh dingin a kisusia (tempered) om hi, ci-in UEC ah lehheek hi. Ahih hangin President Thein Sein in by-election lawhcing takin kinei hi, a cih ngam manin buaina lian na piang loin veng thei hi.
Nov. 8 2015 general election results UEC in Nov. 13, 2015 in a pulakna ah Pyidaungsu Hluttaw ah tutna 348 omte lakah NLD in 238 ngah hi, ci-in pulak hi. Nov. 8, 2020 general election ah Assembly of the Union ah upper house- Amyotha Hluttaw (the House of Nationalities) leh lower house- Pyithu Hluttaw (the House of Representatives) banah State and Regional Hluttaws (legislatures) ah tutna omte ni kibangin vote khiatna ah NLD ten tutna House of Nationalities ah tutna 224 om lak panin 138 (+3); House of Representatives ah tutna 440 om lak panin 258 (+3) ngah uh a; State and Regional Hluttaws ah tutna 880 om lak panin 501 (+25) ngah uh hi.
Galkapte in Feb. 1 ni-in ukna a buluh khit nung uh a beisa kha li hun lai April 16, 2021 in a kiphuankhia pan 2021 junta coup tawh a kilawnkhia Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH) a kici group of parliament ah elected lawmakers leh members group ten a phuankhiat uh National Unity Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (NUG) in ko pen thukham tawh kituakin Myanmar ah kumpi (legitimate government) hi ung, ci uh hi.
International community in legitimate government in a sangna (recognised) dingun a nawh leh nget hangun tu dong gam khat beek a sang zo om nai lo hi. Hih thu hangin Sept. 13 ni-in NUG in, "Myanmar ah democratic movement maban ding leh junta ngongtatna panin hong humbit dingin international community tungah muan'na kinei nawn lo hi,'' ci-in a statement bawlna a gen kawmin May 5, 2021 in NUG in junta lehdo dingin a phuankhiat armed wing People's Defence Force (PDF) in junta hiam zangin a lehdo thu Sept. 7 in Acting NUG President Duwa Lashi La in D-Day a pulakna thu a kisiamtan'na gen pha kik hi.
NUG in amau nawh hehu zawh leh ngaklah luatna tawh international community in legitimate government or de facto government in a san' ziau ding na hilo hi. Gentehna dingin, Yemeni Civil War kici tual gal pen Yemeni President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi' maih Yemeni governmentleh Houthi armed movement kidona hangin 16 Sept. 2014 in na kipan hi. Sept. 16, 2014 in Houthi rebels ten Yemeni state capital Sanaa la uh a (tu dong amau khut sungah om lai), Yemen government ah thuneihna thakhat thu-in la zo uh hi.
March 21, 2015 in Houthi' makaih Supreme Revolutionary Committee in President Hadi paihkhiatna dingin general mobilization pulakin, Yemen leitaw lamah a ukna leitang keek hong kipan uh hi. March 22, 2015 in Yemen President lui Saleh a gum Yemen military forces tawh kipawlin Houthi ten Lahij Governorate ah galdo pan uh hi. March 25 ni-in Houthi-te' khut sungah Lahij khuapi tuk ziau a, Hadi government tutna Yemen gam-a khuapi golpen nihna Aden khuapi nawl tung uh hi.
President Hadi lau-in March 25, 2015 ni-in Saudi Arabia gamah va tai-in bucip hi. Tua tawh kituakin Saudi Arabia makaih Sunni Muslim gamte kipawlin (coalition), Hadi' makaih Yemeni government din'sak kik ding ngimna in gal vanleng zangin March 26, 2015 in military operations a pat uh tu dong kidiah lai a, ACLED tuatna ah mi 100,000 val a sih banah millions a simte galtai-in Yemeni nautang 13 million gilkial dangtak (starvation) in om ahih manin kum 100 sung adingin kialpi nasia pen tuak thei dinmun in a om manin UN in leitungah humanitarian crisis lianpen hi, ci hi. Yemen gam-a tual gal nasiat luatna hangin 2018 kumin Syria ah tual gal kipan sangin leitung buppi bildawh zawk suak hi.
Sept. 16, 2014 in Yemen gamah tual gal a kipat khit nung kha nga khit nung March 2015 in United Nation security Council (UNSC) ah Saudi Arabia in puaklut Resolution 2216 vote khiatna ah Russia in khia loin 14-0 votes tawh President Hadi pen Yemen’ legitimate president hi, ci-in san' (recognised) banah UNSC resolution in Houthi tungah leitung bupin galvan a zuak theih lohna dingin international arms embargo kici koih khum hi. Hih arms embargo kikoih Saudi in a kisiamtan'na dingin Huthi groupte ukna teembaw khawlna munte (ports) ah Yemen gam-a datsi leh nek ding kisam lut dingte khaktansak ahih manin kialpi tuak thei dingin Yemeni 13 millions gilkial dangtang lawhsak hi.
Yemen ah UNSC Resolution 2216 tawh legitimate president in Hadi a kisan' theihna pen US leh a pawlte in Iran tawh 2015 nuclear deal or Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPO) vai ah Saudi Arabia gam US in a foreign policy tawh a gupna a lahna hang leh Iran in a langtangin a huh lian loh hangin a simtham in a huh den Houthi ten Hadi government lotkhiatna ding revolution a tangko uh Iran-backed coup a lawhsaksak nop man uh na hi lel dih hi. Saudi lungkimsakna dingin nitumna gamte national interests leh Saudi diplomacy in international community a thuzawhna hangin legitimate president in Hadi na kisang hi.
Tua loin NATO-led coalition gamte in Libya leikhamang Myammar Gaddafi a thuneihna tokhom tung panin a lotkhiat zawh nung uh Oct. 20, 2011 in Western-backed Islamic rebels ten Sirti khuapi-a kidona ah hingmatin na that uh hi. Gaddafi a kithah khit nung Libya gam-a House of Representatives a gum Field Marshal Khalifa Hafar' Libyan National Army (LNA) leh Government of National Accord (GNA) galkapte leh a kipawlpih militia or rebel groups tuamtuam kidona hangin 16 May 2014 – 23 Oct 2020 kikal sung Libyan Civil War kici tual gal nihna kum guk val sung na piang hi.
Libya gam-a tual gal hangin nitumna gamte in Gaddafi paihkhiatna ding galvan tawh huhna a piak uh Islamic rebel groups leh Iraq gam-a Iraqi Tribunal Court in Iran-Iraq War (22 Sept. 1980 – 20 Aug. 1988) ah Saddam Hussien in a gam mipihte thahna dingin chemical galvan a zatna hangin sih dan a piakna bangin 30 Dec. 2006 in Kadhimiya, Baghdad ah kikhai lup khit nungin rebels groups tuamtuam ISIS ah hong kihel uh ahih manin ISIS group hat cihtakin hong thahatsak hi.
Libya gam pen ISIS thahatna a kipatna dingin Islamic terrorists tampi a piangsak gamte lak-a khat hong suah banah Libya gam-ah LNA, GNA leh armed groups tuamtuamte thuneihna kituhna hangin tu dong gal veng taktak thei loin om suak hi. Kum guk leh kha nga leh kal khat tual gal tawh Libya a kidiah khit nungin kikaptuahna khawlsanna (ceasefire) thukimna tampi a lawhsap khit nung a tawntungin kikaptuah khawlsanna dingin a kipsakna (permanent ceasefire ratified) Oct. 23, 2020 in piang zo pan hi. March 10, 2021 in a kiphuankhia Government of National Unity (GNU) a kici Libyan parliament in March 10, 2021 in unity government ci-in a sang manin international community in GNU pen Libya ah legitimate government in a sang zawh na hi pan bek hi.
A tunga Yemen leh Libya model tawh kituakin NUG in international community in legitimate government in a san'na ding leh gam bup a kipumkhatsak zo dingin unity government a suah theihna dingin gam khat beekin a thuzawh nai loh banah myanmar parliament in thukimpihna pia nai lo hi. Legitimate government in NUG a sangin a kilamen US leh UK gam nangawnin NUG in Sept. 7, 2021 in D-day a tangkona a gup leh muak loh banah kilemhuai takin kilaihna (peaceful transition) tawh democracy a om kik ding a gupna gen zawsop hi. Tua loin UNSC ah permanent member ngate lakah khat China in zong NUG' D-day tangko muak lo a, Myanmar gam sunga parties or actors khempeuhin gamvai buaina kilemhuai takin a ven'sakna dingin kihona a neih ding uh hi, ci hi.
International law leh international poltics pai zia a telcian lote in social media groups sungah UN General Assembly (UNGA) in Sept. 14-30 September 2021 kikal sungin a meeting neihna ah legitimate government in pulak ding hi cih a khah ziahziah h tawh; UN Credential Committee in legitimate government in NUG a kipsakna tangko ding hi, cih peuh upmawh, phuahtawh, deihkaih leh zuauthu a khahte uh hangin mi tampi um khialsak, kilamensak leh lung-amsak gawp uh hi.
Credentials Committee pen UNGA pumpite (bodies) lak-a khat hi a, Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly' Rules 28na tawh kituakin UNGA ah a member gamte tangmite (representatives) citna (qualification), nasep khiatna (achievement) ahih kei leh a a backgound uh UNGA ah representative dingin cinh (credential) mah hiam cih a sittel ding leh UNGA ah report a pia dingin a Comittee tungah mawhpuakna a piak hi bek hi. Coup a pian'na gamte ah legitimate government ding kipsakna leh san'na a piak theihna dingin mawhpuakna leh tavuan nei dihdih lo hi.
75th Session of the General Assembly ah Credential Committee ah member kua omte pen members kua - Cameroon, China, Iceland, Papua New Guinea, Russian Federation, Trinidad and Tobago, United Republic of Tanzania, USA leh Uruguay hi. Kum simin UNGA in regular session a pat ma-in Office of Legal Affairs in General Assembly for the Credentials Committee' President tungah Rule 27na zui-in group candidates a thukimna a piakna dingin ngen hi. Tua khit ciangin President of the General Assembly in UNGA ah canbdidate kuate min proposal a bawl khit ciangin vote khiatna tawh kipsak uh hi.
Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly' Rule 25na ah, UN Member States ten UNGA regular session (kum sim khawmpi) kipat ma kal khat ma-in UN Secretary-General kiangah a khak ding hi, na ci hi. UNGA ah member hihna nei gamte or Members States ten amau gam leh sik tangin UNGA ah a pau ding a tangmite uh citna (credentials) a formal in UN Secretary-General kiangah pia uh hi. Members States UNGA ah amau gam leh sik tangin a pau dingin Head of State, Head of Government (President or Prime Minister) or Minister for Foreign Affairs cihte sawl thei uh hi.
Procedure of the General Assembly' Rule 25na ah, Member States ten palai (delegations) dingin a sawlte pen representatives nga, alternate representatives nga, leh a kisapna bangin advisers leh experts (diplomatic thu a siamte) tampi sawl thei hi, na ci hi. UNGA in merber State-te representatives sawlte citna a thukimpihna pia hi. UNGA ah special or emergency sessions leh UNGA' thuneihna nuai-ah conference khatpeuh a kineih ciangin credentials committee a kisamna ah regular session hun bangin Credentials Committee tengin makaih hi.
Credential Committee ah taangmite citna kisitna pen a ngeina ah a pongpi danin "formality" in kisit hi. Ahih hangin UNGA ah kihel dingin delegations kisawlte thukham tawh a kituahna (legitimacy) vai nialna nei a om leh Member States khatpeuh in a citna (credentials) tona bawl thei hi. Hih bang buaina a pian' ciangin a thu a vengsak dingin President of the General Assembly office in Credential Committee in formal meeting a sapna dingin a huhna kingen hi. Tua bang hi napi-in UNGA ah a kah dingin a kisawl delegations mite credentials tona a kibawl ciangin UNGA in a credentials uh a phiatsak or lak khiatsak (revoke) mateng a credential rights nei suak veve thei uh hi.
Credential Committee kici pen UNGA ah delegates kisawlte credentials a sittelsak UNGA members gam kuate mawhpuakna hi zaw a, coup a pian'na gamte ah legitimate government dingin tua group or party lamte hi ci-in kipsakna piak theihna dingin thuneihna nei laizang lo uh hi. UNGA ah coup pian'na gamte ah legitimate government kipsakna ding vai kikupna a om zongin UNGA ah Member States a tamzaw thukimna votes lo tawh kikipsak leh sang ziau thei lo ding cihna hi.
Tua loin ngongtatna a zang junta regime ukcipna lotkhiatna dingin international community muanlahna gengenna, international community thuzawhna dingin diplomacy leh lobbying zang siam lopi leh ngongtatna mah zatna tawh tangpi tangtate hamphatpih vante leh khantohna leh noptuamna dingin vante (public property leh infrastructures) suksiat kisanna tawh gam kuamah gupna ngah ma-in international commynity in legitimate government in hong sang leh namkip ziau dinga lamet miumiau mawk pen diplomacy, international relations leh politics, leh international law pai zia thei lo i hihna lahkhiatna tangkona hi.
By: Thang Khan Lian #ZUNs reports
