HISTORY ADINGIN EPIDEMIC LEH PANDEMIC NASIA PEN PAWL KHATTE
March 30: China gam-a Hubei provincial capital Wuhan khuapi panin nung kum bei kuanin COVID-19 case masa pen kimukhia ahih manin a epicenter (hong kipatna munpi) hi ci-in a kiciamteh hangin a virus pen Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, Wuhan mun lian panin hong kipatna masakna bulpi (originally originated epicenter) takpi mah hiam cih tu dong a kitel zo nai lo thu hi a, scientists ten hih thu kankan lai uh hi. China in Wuhan khuapi kha nih val piikpeek sung khakcip (lockdown or quarantine) a, a natna do zo dinmun in a om banah leitung gam tuamtuamte ah Covid-19 kizelhna gamte ah medical aid puak kawikawi ahih manin leitung bup cidamna lamsanga kipawlna WHO in Chinese government in a panlakna a pahtakna thu leh leh a phatna a lim gen mahmah lai takin thuman leh thucian a tel lo, upmawh thu kigen teng, thuman hi ci-in teci tawh lahna ding (evidence) om loin muh leh zak bangbang a sial up suk pah giapgiap pong (gullible) teng leh racist suuksia tengin hih virus tawh kisai China a tang ngawh niloh uh pen haina leh mawlna lianpi leh tawta vai luat laina namkhat tawh hong kibang hi. Tua banah China tang ngawh leh mawhsak manin meetna ding leh phattuamna ding khutcin vom cia zong om vet lo hi.
Chinese Academy of Sciences leh Chinese Institute for Brain Research nuai-a Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden researchers mipilte in Dr. Yu Wenbin makaihna tawh gam 12 tung panin COVID-19 samples a kaihkhawmte uh study a bawlna uh-ah gamdang panin hong kipanin hong kipualut (exported) hi zaw a, Wuhan panin hong kizeelsawnna mun hi zaw hi cih mukhia uh hi. A kipatna zungpi genome data panin samples 93 study a bawlna uh-ah mundang panin Wuhan hong kipuakin hong lut (imported) hi zaw a, Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, Wuhan pen mi tamna mun, tuipi panin a kingah sa leh nga nam tuamtuamte leh ganhing sa nuam tuamtuamte kizuakna phualpi, mun nel leh a kawt leh nom (wet and marsh) den mun ahih manin natna lungno khankhiatna dinga mun limci ahih manin December 8 leh January 6 panin thakhat thu in hong kibanzelh leh lawhsawm hi zaw bek hi cih scientific analysis a bawlna panun mukhia uh hi.
Covid-19 pandemic kici pen China in a pian'sak hi, hih natna kha ni kha thum sung a information imcip uh hi ci-in Chinese virus hi ci-in racist rhetoric zangin China a pum ngawh pong leh CHINESE VIRUS, WUHAN VIRUS, KUNGFU VIRUS cih bangin racist kammal hoih lo leh kamsia vive a zang mi tam mahmah hi. Tua bangin pandemic virus hong kipatna munpi (epicenter) mawhsak pong a, pum ngawhsuk pahpah ding hi mawk leh BC hun panin pandemic tampi vei na piang khin zo a, millions za tampi na si khin zo hi. Covid-19 pen leitung a bei ma-in global pandemic hi peuhmah lo ding a, tampi hong pian' beh lai ding hi cih phawkhuai hi. Tu dong Covid-19 natna ngah dan WHO genna kilaih kawikawi in (a cil in huih panin kingah thei lo ci, tu in kingah thei ci) kitelcian zo nai lo ahih manin China in a telcian lohpi leitung bup patausak dingin Covid-19 case a muh ni-in scientific study lim takin nei masa loin information kicing pia thei lo ding cih kilang semsem hi.
Covid-19 pandemic epicenter dingin tu dong a ki-ummawh Wuhan khuapi ahih manin China pum ngawhsuk a, China in imcip hi ci-in pum mawhsak miau ding ahih mawk ding bel ngaihsutna khuak man lo leh racist lungsim paai-in midangte thuman lopi-in mawhsak suk giapgiap den keei ding cihna hi. Tua banga kipum ngawh a, kipum mawhsak ziauziau ding ahih mawk leh China in kha nih/kha thum sungin WHO kiangah Covid-19 information thu a kicingin zasak a, US in kha guk val a information a imcip 2008 kum in Mexico gam-a Viracruz leh American gam-a Southern California leh Texas panin hong kipan swine flue ahih kei leh 2009 flu pandemic a kici zong American flu i cih uh kul pah ding a, American mite muhdah pong a, pum mawhsan henhan kul ding cihna suak hi. Hih sewine flu pen a vang kim in a laang kikkik pandemic natna namkhat hi.
Swine flu pandemic virus natna hangin respiratory natna (diseases) hangin mi 201,200+ sihna leh cardiovascular natna hangin mi 83,300+ sihna na piangsak ahih manin tu ciang dong Covid-19 sangin tu tadih a et in a leh tampi in a suuksia zaw hih pulnatna zong American-te pian'sak ci-in pum ngawh kul ding a, hih natna H1N1 influenza virus pandemic thusim kha guk val information a seelcip uh pen mawhsakhuai mahmah ding cihna hi pah hi.
American' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tuatna panin US gam bekah swine flu natna ngah 61 million dektak om a, mi 12,469 si hi ci-in ciamteh hi. Leitung bup-ah hih swine flu pandemic hangin mi 575,400 bang si hi ci-in CDC in ciamteh hi. 2008 in Southern California leh Texas panin hong kipan hih swine flu pandemic in January 2009 panin August 2010 kikal sung leitung bup-a gam khempeuh ah hih pulnatna kizeelsuaksak a, confirmed cases 1.4 billion kikal om zen hi. World Health Organisation in hih swine flue pandemic hangin mi 18,036 si hi ci-in confirmed a, CDC i tuatna tawh kibang lo hi.
Leitung a kipiansak khit nungsang lai tawh tangthu ciamtehna (historical records) a om khit nungin gam sung bup leh leitung bup ah natna kizeelsuak (epidemic leh pandemic) tampi vei na omte lakah a nasia pen 20 a kiciamtehna sung panin amasa pen Prehistoric epidemic a kici Circa 3000 B.C. hun in China gam leilu-nisuahna lam ah na piang hi ci-in kiciamteh hi. Hih pandemic tawh kisai archaeological site ah a kiciamtehna ah "Hamin Mangha" kici north-east China a khuata khat pan hong kipan a, tua hun in a si tam lua ahih manin misi kivui khin zo lo hi ci-in kiciamteh hi. A natna kipatna khua-ah tu-in kuamah teng nawn lo hi.
Leitunga pandemic nasia pen 20 a kiciamtehna sung panin America panin hong kipan hih a nuai-a bangin 20 lak panin li tak na om ta a, leitung tangthu adingin a nasia pen a nambat kipia bangin zah hih bang ahi hi:
7. COCOLIZTLI EPIDEMIC: 1545-1548
Hih natna pen viral hemorrhagic fever (VHFs) a kici khuasik natna namkhat ahih manin cocoliztli epidemic kici na piangsak hi. Cocoliztli epidemic hangin Mexico leh Central America sunga teng mi 15 million na si uh hi. Cocoliztli epidemic zavat a nasiat lai takin khuakheng (drought) nasia sawnsawn ahih manin hih natna in siatna lianpi (utterly catastrophic) na piangsak hi. "Cocoliztli" cih kammal pen Aztec kammal pan hi a, khaici a ne-in a susia kauphe leh ganhingte neute "pest" a cihna hi.
Tu nai diakin study a kibawlna ah hih natna hanga site huh leh tangte (skeletons) panin a DNA uh sitna a kineihna panin Salmonella a kici subspecies S. paratyphi C kici in a khuasik natna namkhat enteric fever kici piangsak a, sungpai (typhoid) tawh kithuah sawnsawn hi. Enteric fever kici natna in khuasik sang (high fever) a pian'sak banah tui kisapna hangin dangtakna leh gilpi natna (dehydration and gastrointestinal problems) piangsak a, tu dong hih bang natna pen a kihtakhuai mahmah natna hi lai hi.
8. AMERICAN PLAGUES: 16TH CENTURY
Hih pulnatna pen American leh European explorers (gam thak zongin a satkhiate) in a puak uh Eurasian diseases kici natna nam tuamtuam lak panin sumphuk (smallpox) kihelin Inca leh Aztec civilizations tukna leh beina na piangsak lawh zo zen hi. Pawl khatte i tuatna ah hih pulnatna hangin Western Hemisphere a indigenous mi 90% kiim si zo uh hi ci hi. Hih pulnatna hangin Hernán Cortés' makaihna nuai-ah 1519 in Spanish galkapte in Aztec civilization capital Tenochtitlán na la zo uh a, 1532 kum in Francisco' makaihna nuai-ah Spanish galkapte in Incas na zo uh ahih manin Spanish ten Aztec leh Incas empires kumpi gam na suksiatsakin laksak zo lawh uh hi. American Plagues hangin Aztec leh Incan armies a si tam lua mahmah ahih manin Spanish galkapte na nang zo lo uh hi. Britain, France, Portugal leh Netherlands mite in zong Western Hemisphere ah gamthak hong en in a va keek hun un hih pulnatna hangin indigenous groups a si tam lua ahih manin amau na nang zo indigenous groups na om lo uh hi. American leh European explorers mite puaklut pulnatna hangin civilization nih a bei banah kumpi gam nih in a kumpi gam uh khahsuah uh hi.
12. PHILADELPHIA YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMIC: 1793
Hih yellow fever in tua hun in United States i capital in a zat uh Philadelphia khuapi a nuai lai-in kumpi uliante (officials) in silate hih natna in su zo lo (slaves were immune) uh hi cih a man loin ngaihsutna nei-in na upna na nei pong uh hi (Covid-19 pandemic hong kipat cil lai-in zong American leh Zomi conservatives, conservative evangelicals leh televangelists pawl khatte in Trump pen anti-gay leh anti-abortion ahih manin Repulicans hatna red states teng sukha loin Democratic party hatna leh pro-gay leh pro-abortion blue states leh LGBT community teng bek Pasian in gawt ding hi, HOAX hi ci-in a deidantuan nei ding leh a thusim loh dan uh tawh kinaih mahmah hi). Philadelphhia Yellow Fever Pandemic a laang sungin sila a kineihna a deih abolitionists kicite in hih natna ngahte a kem leh khoi dingin African origin mivomte na zang uh hi.
Philadelphia Yellow Fever Pandemic pen a natna pua leh kilawhsawnsak thokang hi a, 1783 kum in Philadelphia khuahun pen a sat leh nel hun nipi lai (hot and humid summer weather) ahih manin thokang tam mahmah hi. A natna pua leh piangsak thokangte a sih in mi 5,000 kiim bang si khin man veve uh hi.
14. AMERICAN POLIO EPIDEMIC: 1916
Hih zeng natna polio epidemic pen New York City ah na kipan a, US gam bup sungah a natna ngah 27,000 cases kiim bang a om banah mi 6,000 kiim bang na si uh hi. American Polio Epidemic natna ngah a tam zawte naupang ahih manin a natna panin a suaktate zong a tawntungin mi bang lo; mipoi (permanent disabilities) suaksak hi.
1954 kum in zeng natna dalna ding polio kisutna Salt vaccine kici American zatui siam Jonas Salt in a bawl leh kimuhkhiat ma-in US ah polio epidemics a vangkim in na piang den hi. Salt vaccine a kibawlkhiat khit nungsang US ah polio natna in kiamlam manawh a, polio natna nunung pen 1979 in a case report om hi. Leitung bup-ah hih zatui hong kilim zat manin polio natna nakpi takin kiamsuk a, ahi zong kibei siangsak zo nai lo hi.
18. H1N1 SWINE FLU PANDEMIC: 2009-2010
2009 swine flu pandemic pen avian flu or bird flu (H1N1) namkhat hi a, Mexico, Southern California, Texas panin phalbi hun bei khit nipi hun a tun ma spring season in leitung bup-ah a kizelhsuak ma-in 2009 in hong kipan hi. Kum khat sung bekin leitung bup-ah swine flu natna 1.4 billion in ngah a, hih natna hangin mi 151,700 panin 575,400 si hi ci-in America' CDC in ciamteh hi.
2009 flu pandemic pen Covid-19 tawh kilehbulh a, a natna ngahte pen naupangte leh khangno picingte (children and young adults) tam zaw a, a site pen kum 65 nuailam 80% tung hi ci-in CDC report in gen hi. Hih natna pen flu viruses namtuamte, seasonal flue kihelin a natna ngahte lakah kum 65 panin a tunglam mite tam zaw sihna a piangsak tawh kibang lo hi. Swine flu natna a lamdan'na pen H1NI natna omna virus group dalzawhna (immune) dingin a khangam hamte immune system na hat zawsop ahih manin tam si lo uh hi. 25th Dec. 2009 ma-in Scottish scientist ten H1N1 kisutna ding zatui a muhkhiat uh mi 240,000 tungah sitna nei uh a, a damna dingin 95% a nasep hoih hi. H1NI virus dalna ding kisutna pen kum sim a annual flu vaccine lakah kihel ta hi. Oct. 1, 2009 in hih natna dalna ding nak sunga kisun nasal vaccine kizang ta hi. Ahi zongin leitung bup zat dingin a kicing dingin kibawl zo nai lo hi. TIV (flu shot (injection) or trivalent (three strains) pen nam thum kisutna A/H1N1, A/H3N2 leh inactivated (killed) vaccine) om a, pumpi tungah anti-bodies piangsak dingin si lakah kisun a, nak sunga kikap LAIV (nasal spray (mist) of live attenuated influenza vaccine) zatui pen kum ni ahih kei leh kum 49 tunglam mite adingin kizang hi.
Thukhupna: Virus hangin epidemic leh pandemic piangsakte pen leitung bup in a deih loh banah a kipatna munte in zong a deih kuamah om lo hi. Mihing tampi tungah natna leh sihna a pian'sak beh tham loin global economy kiatna leh hamsatna piangsak ahih manin deih a teel ding hileh mihai pente nangawn a deih om lo ding hi. Tu kum zalom 21 hun in WHO om ta ahih manin taanglai bang nawn loin a natna a kipatna mun minlawh in a natna min phuah pen RACISM nakpi takin kuangsak hi. Tua ahih manin WHO in a natna min ding official in phuak pahpah ahih manin na galte it ding nangawn na it ding hi cih pen Khristian nungtak zia ding ahih manin natna kipatna min tamsak in minlawh leh a kipatna munte muhdah leh mawhsak pen Khristian a kicite ngeina hilo a, lawki mite nangawn in zong deih loin za nuam lo hi.
Source: Live Science; South China Morning Post and Wikipedia
@ Thang Khan Lian
A nuai-ah link ah history adingin epidemic leh pandemic nasia pen 20 a tunga i gen khak lohna na theih nop leh mek lecin a kicing zaw in sim theih hi.
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